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B3U5.LanguagePoints
知识点Ⅱ.拓展单词1.______n.基础;根据;基点→_____n.根基;基底;底座;v.以…为据点→______adj.基本的;基础的basisbasebasic2._________vi.道歉;谢罪→________n.道歉;辩护;辩解apologiseapology3.________n.(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者;讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员→_________n.叙述;讲述;解说narratornarration4.____vi.&
vt.(船)航行;(人)乘船航行→_______n.帆船运动;(乘帆船的)航行sailsailing词性转换(导学案P126)5.________n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力→_______adj.有耐心的
n.病人→_________adj.没有耐心的→_________adv.耐心地patiencepatientimpatientpatiently6._________n.打算;计划;意图;目的→_______v.打算;计划;想要intentionintend7.__________adv.最后;终于→________adj.最后的;最终的eventuallyeventual8.__________adv.顺楼梯而下;在楼下;往楼下→(反义词)________adv.在楼上;往楼上downstairsupstairs9.__________n.准许;许可;批准;许可证→_______vt.&
vi.允许;准许permissionpermit10.________adj.外部的;外面的;外来的→(反义词)________adj.内部的;里面的externalinternalv.+-ion→n.v.+-or→n.narrate→narration
叙述;
解说instruct→instruction
教学;教诲;说明devote→devotion
献身;奉献;热爱educate→education
教育;培养;训练narrate
→narrator
叙述者;讲述者act→actor
男演员invest→investor
投资者visit→visitor
来访者conduct→conductor
(合唱队等的)指挥;列车长构词规律1.____the
basis
of在某事的基础上;根据某事on2.___return作为回报;作为回应in3.___a
matter
of
fact事实上;其实;说真的as4.____accident偶然地;意外地by5.____duty值班;值勤on6.___that
case既然那样;假使那样的话in7.in
a...manner______________________________________以一种…的方式;带着一副…的样子短语背诵8.take
out
a
loan__________取得贷款9.make
a
bet________打个赌10.be
about
to
do
sth______________________即将或正要(做某事)11.to
be
honest__________________说实话;坦率地说12.to...extent__________________________到……程度;在……程度上13.ought
to____________应该;应当14.be
willing
to
do
sth__________________愿意或乐意做某事15.in
case________________以防;以防万一1.
basis
n.[C]
基础;根据
*base
v.以……为依据on
the
basis
of
在某事的基础上;根据某事on
the
basis
that
基于on
a
daily/day-to-day/weekly/
regular
basis按每天/每日/每周一次/定期的标准be
based
on
以……为基础(导学案P128)融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空(1)Don't
evaluate
a
person
on____basis
of
appearance.the(2)I
suggested
that
we
meet____a
regular
basis
to
discuss
the
progress.on(3)The
novel_________(base)
on
historical
facts.is
based2.
apologise
vi.道歉;谢罪
*apology
n.道歉;歉意apologise
to
sb
for
(doing)
sth
因(做)某事而向某人道歉accept
sb's
apology
接受某人的道歉owe
sb
an
apology
应该向某人表示歉意make
an
apology
to
sb
for
(doing)
sth
因(做)某事而向某人道歉(导学案P129)融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空(1)I
must
apologize___you
for
coming
late.to(2)I
should
make
an
apology
to
him____what
I
said.for(3)He
accepted
the________(apologise)
with
great
generosity.apologyⅡ.一句多译他因自己的粗鲁行为而向她道歉。(4)_______________________________________.(apologise)He
apologised
to
her
for
his
rude
behavior.(5)_____________________________________________.(apology)He
made
an
apology
to
her
for
his
rude
behavior.3.
ignore
vt.忽视;不理睬
*ignorant
adj.无知的;无学识的;愚昧的
*ignorance
n.无知;愚昧ignorance
of/about
对……无知be
ignorant
of/about
sth
(对某事物)不了解的be
ignorant
that...
不知道……(导学案P129)融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空(1)It's
dangerous_________(ignore)
traffic
rules.to
ignore(2)I
am
quite
ignorant________what
they
intend
to
do.of/about(3)He
speaks
in
a
disordered
manner,which
betrays
his
shallowness
and__________(ignore).ignoranceⅡ.单句写作(4)He
completely___________________(忽视所有的事实)
as
though
they
never
existed.ignored
all
the
facts(5)George_________________________(不理睬医生的劝告)
about
drinking
and
smoking.ignored
his
doctor's
advice(6)She___________________(总是感到被忽视)
by
her
friends,which
makes
her
upset.always
feels
ignored(7)He________________________(不了解音乐).is
ignorant
of/about
music4.
judge
v.判断;评价;评判
n.法官;审判员;裁判员
*judgement
n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力judge...by/from...
根据……判断as
far
as
I
can
judge
据我判断;我以为judging
by/from
从……上看;根据……判断当judging
from/by...置于句首作状语时,动词-ing形式不受主语的限制,构成独立成分。具有类似用法的单词或短语还有considering、generally
speaking、frankly
speaking等。(导学案P130)融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空(1)Never
judge
a
book________its
cover.by/from(2)It
was
due
to
luck
rather
than__________(judge)
that
the
driver
succeeded
in
avoiding
the
accident.judgementⅡ.单句写作(3)It
is
only
shallow
people
who______________(根据……判断)
appearances.judge
by/from(4)___________________________(从他说的情况来看),they
ought
to
succeed.Judging
by/from
what
he
said5.
in
return
作为报答;作为回应;反过来;作为交换in
return
for
作为对……的回报;答谢in
turn
逐一;依次by
turns
轮流;交替;时而(导学案P130)融会应用
用return或turn的相关短语填空(1)He
gave
her
some
roses____________her
kindness.in
return
for(2)_________,
I
will
help
you
with
your
spoken
English.In
return(3)The
teacher
told
us
to
come
in_______.in
turn(4)The
shop
assistants
had
to
have
their
days
off_________.by
turns6.
scene
n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场;现场;场面;景色;风景on
the
scene
在现场come
on
the
scene
出现;到来;上场behind
the
scenes
在幕后;暗中(导学案P133)(戏剧)一场现场景色scene、view、scenery和sight的用法辨析:scene指局部的或周围的环境、风景、景色,尤其与观看者看法有关,也可指戏剧、电影、小说等场景、布景view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分,有时可与scene互换scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色,尤指美丽的乡间景色sight既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观又可以指名胜、风景,只是在表示后者的含义时,必须用复数融会应用
用scene、scenery、view、sight的适当形式填空
The______of
the
village
from
the
mountain
is
splendid.
As
we
approached
the
village,we
were
astonished
by
the________.It
was
completely
different
from
the______in
big
cities.
Seeing
the_______of
my
friends'
taking
photos
and
admiring
the
beautiful________happily,I
was
sure
that
this
trip
would
be
a
good
memory
forever.viewscenerysightsscenesscenery7.
bet
n.打赌;赌注
vi.
&
vt.下赌注;用…打赌
vt.敢说bet---bet---bet(导学案P133)make/have
a
bet
打赌make
a
bet
on
sth
with
sb
和某人就某事打赌have
a
bet
on...
在……上下赌注win/lose
a
bet
打赌赢/输了the/your
best
bet
最好的办法bet
on
sth
就某事打赌8.
spot
vt.看见;注意到;发现
n.地点;处所;斑点;污渍
spotted
adj.有斑点的;有小圆点的spot
sb
doing...
发现某人正在做……on
the
spot=on
the
scene
当场;在现场(导学案P134)spot作“地点”讲,用作定语从句的先行词时,从句如果缺少状语,则用where引导定语从句,从句如果缺少主语或宾语,则用that/which引导定语从句。融会应用
单句填空(1)He_______(spot)
his
old
friend
in
the
crowd
at
once
yesterday.spotted(2)He
spotted
his
friend_______(talk)with
someone
in
the
distance.talking(3)He
answered
the
question____the
spot.on(4)Climate
change
will
fuel
the
growth
of
phytoplankton
(浮游植物)
in
some
areas,while
reducing
it
in
other______(spot),leading
to
changes
in
the
ocean's
appearance.spots(5)The
spot_______________the
accident
happened
is
the
turning
point
of
the
road.where/on
which9.
dare
v.胆敢;敢于dare
to
do
sth
敢做某事dare
sb
to
do
sth
问某人敢不敢做某事;激某人做某事(1)dare用作实义动词时,有时态和人称的变化,用do、does或did来构成否定句或疑问句。(2)dare意为“敢”时,指“勇敢”,含有大胆、鲁莽、爱冒险,或因爱慕虚荣而甘冒生命或受惩罚的危险的意味,后面通常接动词不定式,有时可省略不定式符号to。一般不用于进行时。(3)dare用作情态动词时,它的一般过去式是dared,否定形式是dare
not。(导学案P134)融会应用
翻译句子(1)他不敢和她说话。____________________________________________________He
didn't
dare
to
speak
to
her./He
dared
not
speak
to
her.(2)她不敢看他。_______________________________________________________She
did
not
dare
to
look
at
him./She
dared
not
look
at
him.(3)她问他敢不敢跟着她跳水。______________________________She
dared
him
to
dive
after
her.(4)我看你敢不敢请她跳舞。_____________________________I
dare
you
to
ask
her
to
dance.10.patience
n.耐心;忍耐力;毅力
*patient
adj.耐心的
n.病人have
patience
with
对……有耐心be/get
out
of
patience
with=lose
patience
with
对……失去耐心be
patient
with
对……有耐心融会应用
单句填空(1)He
is
just
a
small
child,so
you
must
be_______(patience)with
him.patient(2)Teachers
should
be_______(patience)in
explaining
texts.patient(3)—You
see,Bob
is
a
little
slow
in
understanding.—So
I
have
to
be
patient_____him.with(导学案P135)11.
indicate
vt.
&
vi.表明;显示vt.象征;暗示
indication
n.迹象;表示;标示indicate...to
sb
向某人指出;向某人表示indicate
that...示意;预示indicate
wh-从句
表明;指出indicate后不接双宾语,接sb前需加介词to,即indicate
sth
to
sb,不可说成indicate
sb
sth,有类似用法的还有explain。(导学案P135)融会应用
单句填空(1)There
are
a
lot
of
signs__________(indicate)
men
are
more
likely
to
have
heart
attacks
than
women.indicating(2)There
are
clear_________(indicate)that
the
economy
is
improving.indications(3)In
his
letter
he
indicated___us
that
he
was
willing
to
cooperate.to12.
postpone
vt.延迟;延期;延缓postpone
sth
推迟某事postpone
doing
sth
推迟做某事融会应用
单句填空(1)Henry
decided___________(postpone)
the
expedition
until
the
following
day.to
postpone(2)Let's
postpone________(make)
a
decision
until
we
have
more
information.making(导学案P136)13.
by
accident偶然地;意外地by
chance
偶然地;意外地by
design
有意地;故意地by
mistake
错误地on
purpose
故意地融会应用
单句写作(1)I
don't
know
whether
they
did
it_______________________.我不知道他们这样做是偶然地还是故意地。by
accident
or
by
design(2)I
took
your
bag
instead
of
mine___________.我没有拿我的包,
而是错拿了你的包。by
mistake(导学案P136)14.
to
be
honest
说实话;老实说be
honest
about
sth
对某事坦诚be
honest
with
sb
对某人坦诚其他常见的能作插入语的动词不定式短语还有to
be
brief“简单说;简言之”、to
be
exact“确切地说”、to
make
matters
worse“更糟糕的是”、to
conclude“最后”等。(导学案P136)15.
be
about
to
(do
sth)
即将或正要(做某事)(1)表示即将发生的动作,在时间上指最近的将来。The
new
school
year
is
about
to
begin.新学年即将开始。(2)在含有be
about
to
do的句子中,不能再加时间状语。医疗队就要出发了。The
medical
team
is
about
to
start
immediately.(×)The
medical
team
is
about
to
start.(√)(导学案P137)(3)be
doing...when...正在做……这时突然……
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...正要做…这时(突然)…
beabouttodosthwhen...
正要做…这时(突然)…
had
just
done...when...刚做完…这时(突然)……when在这里是并列连词1.我们正在看电视,这时候妈妈进来了。
WewerewatchingTVwhenourmomcamein.2.她正要出去,电话铃响了。
Shewasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthetelephonerang.=Shewasabouttooutwhenthetelephonerang.3.我刚做完我的作业,这时突然有人敲门了。
Ihadjustfinishedmyhomeworkwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.表示“打算做某事”的短语还有be
going
to
do
sth、intend
to
do
sth、plan
to
do
sth、mean
to
do
sth、aim
to
do
sth等。融会应用
单句写作(1)The
train__________________and
I
was
not
even
on
the
platform.火车就快开了,可我还没到站台。was
about
to
leave(2)I______________________when
the
telephone
rang.我正要睡觉,电话响了。was
about
to
go
to
bed16.
find+宾语+宾语补足语(介词短语、形容词、名词和分词。)
“发现某人/某物……”find+sb/sth
doing
发现某人/物在做……(表示主动和正在进行)find
sb/sth
done
发现某人/物……(表示被动或状态)find+it+adj.+to
do
sth...
觉得做某事……find
oneself
in/at...
发觉自己在某处/处于……另外,后面常接复合宾语的动词有see、hear、watch、notice、have等。即:see/hear/watch/notice/have+宾+宾补(导学案P137)融会应用Ⅰ.单句填空(1)I
found
myself___________(surround)
by
a
group
of
children
full
of
curiosity.surrounded(2)Tom
found
himself_______(walk)in
the
direction
of
Mike's
house.walking(3)I
found
it
very___________(challenge)
to
collect
information
and
use
language
correctly.challengingⅡ.翻译句子(4)一回到家,他就发现房子被粉刷过了。___________________________________________________________________________________________On
his
arrival
at
home,he
found
the
house
painted./On
arriving
home,he
found
the
house
painted.17.
“it
was...that...”强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构:It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。强调句型多用于强调句子的主语、宾语和状语。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was
it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分?(4)not...until...结构的强调句型:It
is/was
not
until...that...。(导学案P138)融会应用
用强调句型强调下列句子中的画线部分(1)I
didn't
leave
until
he
came._________________________________It
was
not
until
he
came
that
I
left.(2)Whodoes
this
bag
belong
to?__________________________________Who
is
it
that
this
bag
belongs
to?(3)I
wonder
what
you
were
doing
at
this
time
yesterday.___________________________________________________________I
wonder
what
it
was
that
you
were
doing
at
this
time
yesterday.(4)He
came
to
see
us
yesterday._____________________________________It
was
yesterday
that
he
came
to
see
us.18.
pursue
vt.追求;致力于
pursuer
n.追求者;追捕者pursuit
n.追赶;追求;职业;工作
(导学案P140)pursue
a
goal/dream
追求目标/梦想pursue
a
thief
追小偷pursue
one's
own
end
追求自己的目标in
pursuit
of
追求in
hot
pursuit穷追不舍19.
hesitate
v.犹豫;踌躇;迟疑;顾虑
hesitation
n.
踌躇;犹豫hesitate
about/over
sth
对某事犹豫不决hesitate
to
do
sth
犹豫做某事don't
hesitate
to
do
sth
不要犹豫做某事without
hesitation
毫不犹豫地have
no
hesitation
in
doing
sth
毫不犹豫地做某事(导学案P140)融会应用
单句填空(1)She
hesitated_________(spend)
so
much
money
on
such
a
dress.to
spend(2)I
didn't
hesitate
for
a
moment__________taking
the
job.about/over(3)Harry
dived
into
the
river
and
saved
the
drowning
child
without
_________(hesitate).hesitation(4)Since
then,I
have
not
hesitated______(be)
in
the
presence
of
others,especially
when
they
need
company.to
be(5)Please
have
no
hesitation___writing
to
me
if
you
want
me
to
do
something
for
you
in
China.in20.
in
case
以防;以防万一in
case
of
如果;假使in
any
case
无论如何;不管怎样in
no
case
在任何情形下决不(放在句首句子部分倒装)in
this/that
case
既然这样/那样;假若是这样/那样的话as
is
often
the
case
(with)
对……来说是常有的事(导学案P141)融会应用
单句填空(1)I'll
be
out
for
some
time.
In
case
anything
important________(happen),call
me
up
immediately.happens(2)____is
often
the
case,she
is
punctual.As(3)Today,we'll
discuss
a
number
of
cases_______beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly.where21.
option
n.可选择的事物;选择;选择权
optional
adj.可选择的;
选修的have
no
choice/option
but
to
do
sth
别无选择只得做某事(导学案P146)融会应用
单句写作(2)We__________________________________the
match.
除了放弃这场比赛,
我们没有别的选择。have
no
option/choice
but
to
give
up22.
permission
n.准许;许可;批准;许可证
*permit
v.准许;允许
n.许可证with/without
one's
permission
获得某人同意/未经某人允许ask
for
permission
请求允许permit
sb
to
do
sth
允许某人做某事permit
doing
sth
允许做某事a
driving
permit
驾驶执照(导学案P147)动词permit的常见用法为permit
doing
sth
/sb
to
do
sth,与其用法类似的动词还有allow、forbid、advise等。allow
doing
sth/sb
to
do
sth
允许(某人)做某事forbid
doing
sth/sb
to
do
sth
禁止(某人)做某事advise
doing
sth/sb
to
do
sth
建议(某人)做某事融会应用
单句填空(1)The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden,weather________(permit).permitting(2)With
her
parents'__________(permit),she
j
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