Unit+2+Morals+and+Virtues+Discovering+Useful+Structures高中英语人教版（2019）必修3

Unit2MoralsandVirtues

DiscoveringusefulstructuresV-ing形式在句中作状语和宾补Learningobjectives1.TolearntheusageofV-ingformusedasadverbialorobjectcomplementinasentence.2.Toapplywhatwelearninthisperiodtoexercises,especiallyinwriting,andgrammarfilling.不定式

todo过去分词

v-ed动名词v-ing现在分词v-ing非谓语动词1234动词v-ing1.Climbingmountainsisdangerous.

主语2.Mybrotheralwayslovesplayingbasketballafterschool.宾语3.Hishobbyisplayinggames.表语观察下面句子并分析画线部分在句中所作的成分

5.Lookingdownatherphone,shehitthedoor.

4.TheladydoingthelivebroadcastiscalledQiaoBiluo.正在做直播的这位女士名叫乔碧萝。状语6.TheheadteachersawLiMingplayingwithsmartphoneintheclassroom.宾语补足语定语v-ing形式可在句中作_________、_________、________、__________、_____________和___________，但是不能单独作___________。主语宾语表语定语宾语补足语状语谓语SummaryRevisionv-ing作表语1.现在分词做表语2.动名词做表语说明主语的状态、特征或性质，具有形容词的性质多由表示情感的动词变化而来一般说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。位置：用法：系动词后eg:Thisfestivalis

interesting.eg:Myjobisteaching.v-ing作定语现在分词做定语动名词做定语单个v-ing作定语，常放在被修饰词前，作前置定语。v-ing形式短语作定语，放在被修饰词后，作后置定语。表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途。位置2.和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系(主动)。相当于一个定语从句。1.表示被修饰词正在进行的或主动的动作。3.单个的现在分词修饰复合不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。用法a

reading

room=aroomforreading

developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping

the–ing

formusedasobjectcomplementV-ing作宾语补足语观察归纳：v-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明，表示一个____________________的动作或经常存在的状态。正在进行的主动思考：V-ing作宾语补足语的作用是什么？1)Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.2)Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.1.Ifeltsomeonepatting

meontheback.2.Canyousmellanything

burning?能用现在分词作宾补的几类词：表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有一感：feel二听：hear,listento四看：see,notice,watch,observe其他：smell,find,discover2.表示“使”“令”“让”等含有“致使”意义的动词，即：______动词。如________________________使役make,get,have,help,leave1.Iwon'thaveyoudoingthat.2.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.3.Ican'tgettheclockgoingagain.3.用于_____________________的复合结构中1.Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.

2.Withtimegoingby,IshowmuchinterestinlearningEnglish.3.MrsDengenteredtheclassroom,withagroupofstudentsfollowingher.

with+宾语+宾补doing

强调主动和正在进行done强调被动或完成Isawhim________(knock)downbyacar.Isawhim________(lie)ontheroadjustnow.knockedlying注意：现在分词doing、过去分词done作宾补的区别融会应用

同义句转换（1）As

time

passes

by，we

will

have

a

better

and

better

life.→With_______________，we

will

have

a

better

and

better

life.time

passing

by（2）I

saw

that

they

were

coming

across

the

street.→I

saw___________________the

street.them

coming

acrossPractice1(导学案P52)①WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomen________(sell)lanterns.②Theoperatorlefthurriedlywiththemachine________(run).③Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim________(put)onatent,withadog________(lie)onthegrass.④Theyhurriedbackonlytofindtheirhouse________(break)into.sellingrunningputtinglyingbrokenPractice2thev–ing

formusedasadverbial

V-ing作状语1)Hearingthebell,thestudentsrushedtotheschoolcanteen.2)Notknowingtheanswertothisquestion,heturnedtohisdeskmate.3)Thetwo

girlsstoodthereforhalfanhour,talkingabouttheboyswhowereplayingbasketball.4)TheCOVID-19brokeoutthroughouttheworld,causinghundredsofthousandsofdeaths.5)Workingharder,youwillmakesomeprogress.6)Notbeingarichman,hehelpedthepoorgenerously.思考：V-ing作状语可以表示哪些情况？时间状语原因状语伴随状语结果状语让步状语条件状语动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和句子的主语是主动关系。动词-ing形式在句中可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随/结果状语。动词-ing形式作状语现在分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在现在分词前加连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。v-ing形式作时间状语Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝When/while(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.2.Seeingthepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.1.Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawadog.改写句子Whenhe

sawthepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.现在分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since,because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。v-ing形式作原因状语Beingill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.＝As/Because/Sincehewasill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.Notknowingtheway,hegotlost.翻译句子：由于不认路，他迷路了。

Ashe____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowtheway动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。现在分词作条件状语时，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。v-ing形式作条件状语Workinghard,you'llmakegreatprogress.＝Ifyouworkhard,you'llmakegreatprogress.翻译句子1.向左转，你就会看到一所学校。2.努力学习,我们就会成功。Studyinghard,wewillsucceed.Turningtotheleft,youwillseeaschool.现在分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。v-ing形式作让步状语Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.

虽然知道它很难，我也不放弃。＝AlthoughI

knowitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.Thoughheworkedhardashedid,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.他虽然努力工作，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。_____________hardashedid,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.Working改写句子方式/伴随状语Theystoodthere,waitingforthebus.结果状语Hefelloffthebike,breakinghisleg.v-ing形式作方式/伴随/结果状语现在分词作方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句/并列谓语代替。=Theystoodthereandwaitedforthebus.=Hefelloffthebikeandbrokehisleg.Hewentabroad,___________

hisuncleabighouse.翻译句子：1.他出国了，留给他叔叔一间大房子。Hewentabroad

andlefthisuncleabighouse.leavingPleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.2.请用另一种方式回答问题。Done时间:原因:条件：让步：方式/伴随/结果：非谓语动词作状语相当于一个状语从句或并列句可转换为由“when,while,until引导的时间状语从句可转换为由since,because或as引导的原因状语从句可转换为由if,once或unless引导的条件状语从句可转换为由though/although引导的让步状语从句可转换为并列句被动

完成Doing主动进行逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致1.

Havingfinishedhishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.2.Havingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hepassedthetest.注意1：havingdone表示比句子的谓语动词先发生,句子主语与havingdone的关系是主动关系

1._______________(turn)

offtheTV,hebegantogooverhislessons.

2.______________(finish)hishomework,hewentouttoplayfootballwithhisfriends.3._________________(buy)

whatsheneeded,Mrs.Smithwentoutofthemarket.HavingturnedHavingfinishedHavingbought单句填空1.

Notknowingthisnews,hecomestoschool.2.Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthetest.3.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedthetest.注意2：V-ing形式的否定式：

not+动词ing；not+havingdone

____________(know)whattodo,Miketurnedtohisteacherforhelp.Notknowing单句填空Theweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.Timepermitting,Iwillgowithyou.注意3：独立主格结构：主句的主语和状语的主语不一致通常用来表示伴随的动作、时间、原因或条件

1.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.2.Supposingitrains,wewillputoffthesportsmeeting.3.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.注意4：V–ing用于某些固定搭配中，表示说话人的态度；观点等。如:generallyspeaking,frankly/honestlyspeaking,judgingby/from,considering/seeing,supposing等融会应用

同义句转换Practice(导学案P51)（1）It

rained

heavily

and

caused

great

damage.→It

rained

heavily，____________________.causing

great

damage（2）After

he

had

eaten

his

dinner，the

boy

rushed

out.→______________________，the

boy

rushed

out.Having

eaten

his

dinner（3）The

boy

sat

in

front

of

the

farm

house，and

cut

the

branches.→The

boy

sat

in

front

of

the

farm

house，___________________.cutting

the

branches（4）As

I

did

not

know

how

to

get

there，I

had

to

ask

the

way.→____________________________，I

had

to

ask

the

way.Not

knowing

how

to

get

thereV-ing现在分词做状语做宾补表主动/正在进行逻辑主语：句子主语感官类动词使役类动词种类：时间；原因；让步；条件；方式/伴随/结果with的复合结构注意：动作先后肯定否定独立主格固定搭配summarydoing和done作宾补的区别逻辑主语：宾语PracticeChoosethecorrectwordstofillintheblanks.feelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknock1.__________thathiswifehadbeeninjuredinanaccident,MrJohnsonhurriedtothehospital.2.Duringtheoperation,shesatinthewaitingroomforoveranhour__________abouthim.3.Isawherwhisperingsomethingintohisear,obviouslynot_________tobeheard.Hearingworryingwantingn.

事故；车祸n.

手术vi.&vt.

悄声说；耳语(P18EX.2)4.Hesuddenlywokeupatmidnightwhenheheardsomeone__________athisdoor.5._________higherimportandexportcosts,thecompanyislookingforwaystosurvive.6.__________fromtheNorthPole,thetravellerwroteabookabouthisexperienceandhaditpublishedthefollowingyear.7.Thechildlayonhermother'slap,_________sweetly.8.________hurtbytherejection,shebitherlipandquietlywalkedaway.FacingReturningsmilingFeelingfeelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknockknockingn.

子夜；午夜n.

进口n.

出口n.(行星的)极；地级n.(坐着时的)大腿部PracticeHenryNormanBethunewasaCanadiandoctorwithaverycreativemindandadeterminationtohelppeople.Asasmallboy,hebecameveryinterestedinmedicineanddecidedtobecomeadoctor.Afterhegraduatedfrommedicalcollegein1916,BethuneworkedasadoctorinEngland.theUS,andCanada.Hereinventedorredesignedover10medicalinstrumentstomakethemmoreuseful.In1938,BethuneleftforChina,afterheheardthatmanypeopleweredyinginthewar.=decidingto

becomeadoctor=afterhearingthatmanypeopleweredyinginthewar(P18EX.3)Despitethedifficultsituation.DrBethunedidwhateverhecouldtoassisttheChinesepeople.Hehelpedtoorganisehospitals,taughtdoctorsandnurses,andshowedpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.Sadly,DrBethunepassedawayinNovemberthefollowingyearandwasburiedinShijiazhuang.AfterDrBethune’sdeath,ChairmanMaoZedongwroteanarticleinmemoryofhim,inwhichhepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.=Helpingtoorganisehospitals,hetaughtdoctor=praisingDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinandnursesandshowedpeoplehowtogivefirstaid.China.Practice(P18EX.3)1._______(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpjumping.2.Becarefulwhen___________(cross)thestreet.3.__________________(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.4.___________(use)yourhead,you’llhaveagoodidea.5.___________(work)hard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.6.Theheavyrainlastedthreedays,__________(result)inserioustrafficjams.7.Thegirlcamein,_________(follow)herparents.8.________(walk)inthepark,shesawanoldfriend.9.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,_________(read)abook.10._______________(finish)hishomework,Tomlistenedtomusic.ExercisesHearingcrossingHavingworkedUsingWorkingresultingfollowingWalkingreadingHavingfinished1.______________(try)manytimes,hestillcouldn'tovercomethedifficulties.2.____________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.3.Unless______(see)thechangeswithyourowneyes,youwillneverbelievetheirgreatness.4._______(move)bythefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjinII,weallcried.5.Tomwalkedaway,__________(complain)aboutthecoldweather.HavingtriedHavingeatenseeingMovedcomplainingExercises6.________(give)afewmoreminutes,Icouldfinishallthework.7.________(walk)inthestreetwithhisdogfollowinghim,hefeltreallyfreeandpleased.8._____________(finish)hiswork,hewentoutintothegardentohaveawalk.9.Theproblem___________(discuss)rightnowisveryimportant.10._________________(tell)manytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.GivenWalkingHavingfinishedHavingbeentoldbeingdiscussed

主动形式被动形式一般式doing（表主动&没有时间先后顺序的动作，可表示同时发生,或发生在之前或之后。）beingdone（表被动&动作正在进行）完成式havingdone（表主动&动作发生在谓语动词之前）havingbeendone（表被动&动作发生在谓语动词之前）难点：注意区分V-ing的一般式，完成式，主动态和被动式一般式的主动态：doingChatting

with

each

other，we

enjoyed

our

dinner.

我们边吃晚饭边聊天。一般式的被动态：beingdoneThebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.

正在被建的建筑物是我们的图书馆。完成式的主动态：havingdoneHavingfinishedwork，she

got

ready

to

go

shopping.

完成工作后，她准备去购物。完成式的被动态：havingbeendoneHavingbeendefeated

many

times，

he

dare

not

take

part

in

thecompetitions.

由于多次被打败，他不敢再参加比赛。1.Allcustomers_________(travel)onTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbefore_________(board).2.Infact,anyone_________(wish)totryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachor___________(experience)racer_________(learn)propertechnique.3.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglowinexperiments_________(use)somecommonvegetables.travellingexperiencedwishingtolearn高考链接usingboarding4.Nervously_________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Be