北京市东城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题

东城区2023-2024学年度第二学期期末统一检测高二英语2024.7本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AsaveryimportantpartofMexico'secosystem.hummingbirdsnowfaceallsortsofseriousthreats.That'swhere73-year-oldCatherinecomesin,who1mostofherfreetimecaringforthetinybirds.hummingbirdCatherine'sstoryasaself-taughthummingbirdnursebeganin2011.Shewaswalkingonthestreetonedaywhenshenoticeda（n）2hummingbirdthathadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury.3,itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman,butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.However,afriend4hertolookafterit."Thathummingbirdwrotemeanewlife,"Catherinesaid.Itwasaverydifficult5inherlife.Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedtopullheroutofthesadnessandlonelinessthathad6herlife.Anditwasonlythebeginning.Wordofhersuccess7amongCatherine'sfriends,andbeforelongsomeofthembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds.Sheneededtostudythebirdsandtheir8tobettertakecareofthem,andafter11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirdswhileherhomehasbecomeknownasahummingbird9.Untilnow,Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.After10thebirdsbacktohealth,shereleasestheminawoodedareaonthesouthsideofMexicoCity.1.A.gainsB.spendsC.missesD.wastes2.A.uglyB.scaryC.dangerousD.desperate3.A.SurprisinglyB.FortunatelyC.AccidentallyD.Secretly4.A.allowedB.commandedC.encouragedD.reminded5.A.taskB.decisionC.momentD.goal6.A.takenoverB.reliedonC.turneddownD.gonethrough7.A.existedB.spreadC.occurredD.changed8.A.valuesB.legendsC.numbersD.habits9.A.shopB.parkC.hospitalD.museum10.A.nursingB.guidingC.movingD.feeding第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AStarbrookhasbeenakeenswimmerforalmost80years,eversincehe11（leave）schoolattheendofWorldWarII.Asayoungman,heracedbutterflyatthenationalswimmingchampionships.Hedidn'twinanything,12hehadalotoffunandneverlosthisloveofthewater.Whenheturned80,hecelebratedbyswimmingamileorsoacrosstheGulfofCorryvreckan.Hestillswimsthreetimesaweek,whichis13keepshimhealthyandactive.BMostofusassumethatmorewatermeansa14（good）shower.Butthat'snottrue.Today'shigh-pressureshowerheads15（design）todeliverthesameexperiencethatoncerequiredthreetimesasmanygallonsperminute.Andbecausetheyprovideastrongstreamofwater,theymightalsoencourageyoutoturnoffthetapsooner,16（save）evenmorewater,arecentU.K.studysuggests.CIncitieslikeSuzhouandHangzhou,17beautifullandscapesmeetrichculturalheritage,thetrendofwearinghanfuforphotosandsocialmediacheck-insisontherise.NewChinesestyleisbecomingapopulareverydaychoice18（accept）byyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyadoptingthisstyleacrossvariousaspectsoftheirlives.The19（combine）oftraditionalChineseelementswithmoderndesignisoftenreferredto20xinzhongshi,orthe"newChinesestyle",whichhasbeengainingpopularitybothinproductsandactivities.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A5-DaySilkRoadTourfromChinatoCentralAsiaDay1Turpan,ChinaStartyourtripinTurpanbyvisitingtheKarezWellSystemanddiscovertheancientundergroundirrigationchannels,whicharestillmaintainedandfunctioningtoday.Fortherestoftheday,youwillvisitandstayatalocalfamily-runvineyard,whereyoucanwalkaroundthefarmandtalktothelocalpeopletolearnabouttheirdailylifestyle.Day2Urumqi,ChinaAfterbreakfast,youwillbedrivenfromTurpantoUrumqi,theprovincialcapitalofXinjiang.Afterlunch,it'stimetovisitXinjiangMuseum,whereavarietyofartworks,hand-madecrafts,andrelicsareondisplay.BeforeflyingtoKashgar,youwillhavesometimetostrollaroundandshopattheErdaoqiaoMarket,thebiggestbazaarinXinjiangsellingvariousgoods.Day3Kashgar,ChinaYouwillspendarelaxingdayinKashgar,startingwithvisitingtheHandicraftsStreet,whereyoucanpurchaseanamazingrangeofhandicrafts,includingcopper,metal,andporcelain.Then,haveabreakatanancientteahouseandjoininwiththelocalpeople'sconversationsanddancing.Lastly,haveagoodnightsleeptogetreadyfortheupcomingroadtriptoOsh.Day4Osh,KyrgyzstanOshisthesecond-largestcityinKyrgyzstan.Here,youwillvisittheNationalHistoricalandArchaeologicalMuseumComplexandenjoycollectionsofartifacts,handicrafts,andsculptures.Afterwards,youwillvisitJaymaBazaar,thelargestmarketinCentralAsia,whichhasahistorydatingbacktotheancientSilkRoadperiod.Ifyouareinterestedinsilk,youcanaskyourguidetotakeyoutoYodgorlikSilkFactory,whichhaspreservedamanualmethodofsilkproduction.Day5Ashgabat,TurkmenistanAfteracozymorningtrainride,youwillarriveinAshgabat,thecapitalofTurkmenistan.Let'sspendthedayvisitingtheParthianFortressesofNisa,oneoftheearliestandmostimportantcitiesoftheParthianEmpire.YouwillreturntothecityfordinnerandtakeanighttripattheAshgabatNationalMuseumofHistory.21.Onwhichdaycanatouristhaveatea-tastingexperience?A.Day1.B.Day2.C.Day3.D.Day4.22.WhatdoesthetourinUrumqiandOshhaveincommon?A.Stayingatalocalfarm.B.Shoppingatamarket.C.Visitinganancientcity.D.Dancingwithlocalpeople.23.Wherecanatouristvisitamuseumintheevening?A.Turpan.B.Kashgar.C.Osh.D.Ashgabat.BBythetimeAlexSanburnwas13,hewaswellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That'swhenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation."Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtit'dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,"saysAlex,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallerychargesasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentcommissionfeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGhelpspromoteyoungtalentbyshowcasingtheirwork.Notlongaftertheopening,HenryCameron,aprofessorandartist,happeneduponthegallerywhilewalkinginhisneighbourhood.Anexhibitionwasbeinginstalledatthetime,andsomeofAlex'sownworkwasonthewalls.Aconnectionwasformed,andAlexaskedHenrytohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.GivenhowbusyAlexiswithschool,lifeandhisownart,LittleEGGismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe'sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.LeoSmith,a17-year-oldartistfromTorontosaysit'sabouttimethatavenuelikeLittleEGGexisted."Asyoungartists,wedon'tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwe'redue,andwealsodon'tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart."24.WhathappenedwhenAlexwas13?A.Hewasrejectedbyajuriedexhibition.B.Hemissedthedeadlineforsubmission.C.Hehadhisfirstshowatalocalartclub.D.Hebecameaworkingartistsuccessfully.25.WhatdoweknowaboutLittleEGG?A.Itisfreeofcharge.B.Itisopenonweekdays.C.Itisaimedatyoungtalents.D.Itholdscompetitionsregularly.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAlex?A.Ambitiousandcreative.B.Loyalanddetermined.C.Modestandsympathetic.D.Honestandhard-working.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Artconnectspeopleworldwide.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.Failurescandrivepositivechange.D.Chancefavoursthepreparedmind.CInanewstudy,researchershaveunveiledinterestingfindingsthatlinktheconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydrates-suchassugarysnacksandhighlyprocessedfoods-withchangesinfacialattractiveness.Theyfoundthatindividualswhoconsumedahighglycemic（血糖的）loadbreakfastwereratedaslessattractivethanthosewhoconsumedalowone.104participantswereaskedtoattendthestudyearlyinthemorningonanemptystomach.Uponarrival,theywereassignedtoconsumeoneoftwotypesofbreakfastshavingthesamecaloricvalues:onehighinrefinedcarbohydratesandtheotherlow.Abouttwohourslater,theywerephotographedunderstandardizedconditionstoensureconsistencyinlighting,background,andpositioning.Aseparategroupofraters,whowerecarefullyselectedtominimizeculturalbias（偏见）,assessedthefacialphotographs,makingjudgmentsonoverallattractiveness.Toevaluatelong-termdietaryhabits,theparticipantscompleteddetaileddietaryquestionnairesconcerningtheirconsumptionduringbreakfast,afternoonsnacks,andbetween-mealsnacksonthedaybeforethestudy.Thisinformationwasusedtocalculatetheglycemicloadandenergyintakeforthesemeals,providingacomprehensivepictureoftheirusualrefinedcarbohydrateconsumption.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhoconsumedabreakfastrichinrefinedcarbohydrateswerelessattractivethanthosewhoconsumedalow-glycemicbreakfast.Thiseffectwasobservedforbothmaleandfemaleparticipants.Theresearchersproposedthatthiscouldberelatedtothephysiologicaleffectsoflowbloodsugar,suchaschangesinskinbloodflowandcolour,whichoccurfollowingtheconsumptionofhigh-glycemicfoods.Whenexamininglong-termconsumptionofrefinedcarbohydratesthroughglycemicloadmeasures,theresearchersfoundthatahigherenergyintakeatbreakfastwasassociatedwithincreasedattractivenessforbothmenandwomen,suggestingthatfoodshighinfatsandproteins,whichdonotleadtorapidglycemicresponses,mightcontributepositivelytoperceivedattractiveness.However,theeffectsofrefinedcarbohydrateconsumptiononattractivenessvarieddependingonthespecificmealandthegenderoftheparticipants.Forexample,whilehighenergyintakeatbreakfastincreasedattractivenessacrossbothgenders,theglycemicloadofafternoonsnackshadoppositeeffectsformenandwomen.Menwithahigherglycemicloadduringtheirafternoonsnackwereperceivedasmoreattractive,butforwomen,alowerglycemicloadinthismealwasassociatedwithincreasedattractiveness.Whilethestudyincludessomelimitations,thefindingsserveasastrongreminderofthefar-reachingimpactofdietarychoices.Furtherresearchisneededtounderstandthebroadersocialimplicationsofdiet,whichcouldprovidevaluableinsightsintothecomplexinterplaybetweendiet,biology,andsocialbehaviour.28.WhatareParagraph2and3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchpurpose.B.Theresearchmethods.C.Theresearchproposal.D.Theresearchbackground.29.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchfindings?A.Sharpglycemicreactionsmightreduceattractiveness.B.Lowbloodsugarcouldimpactattractivenesspositively.C.Menwerelessaffectedbyrefinedcarbohydrateconsumption.D.Highenergyintakeatmealshadinconsistenteffectsonwomen.30.Whatisthepurposeoftheresearch?A.Toexplainafoodpreference.B.Toillustrateabiologicalprocess.C.Topresentadietaryphenomenon.D.Toexploreacomplexassociation.DWhenclimateactivistsgluedthemselvestotheframeofacopyofTheLastSupperatLondon'sRoyalAcademyofArts,theyreceivedafairlysympathetichearing."Nopaintingisworthmorethanmysix-month-oldnephew'slife,"saidaprotester,criticizingtheBritishgovernment'ssupportofthefossilfuelindustryduringtheurgentclimatecrisis.ButwhenprotestersthrewtomatosoupatVanGogh'sSunflowers,andmashedpotatoesatHaystacksbyMonet-thecensurerose."Absolutelyabsurd,"saidthecultureministerofFrance."Wehavebeendeeplyshakenbytheirriskyendangerment,"readastatementfromtheInternationalCouncilofMuseums.Theprotestersaretargetingworksthatareprotectedbehindglass-atleastfornow-soactualdamagehasbeenminimal.Andperhapstheangergreetingtheiractsprovestheirpoint:thatpeoplecaremoreaboutthethreateneddestructionofapaintingthantheactualdestructionoftheplanet.Butastheattackswearon,andtheirimpactdecreases,theyriskchangingintoajoke.What'sespeciallymisguidedabouttheprotestsistheirbinarynature."Whatisworthmore,artorlife?"aprotesterasked.Whychoose?"It'spossibletoblamebothenvironmentalvandalism（蓄意破坏）andculturalvandalismatthesametime,"MarkPasnik,chairoftheBostonArtCommission,said.Artisnottheproblemhere.Infact,contemporaryartistsaremakingquiteeffectiveworksabouttheclimatecrisis,preciselyusingartasactivism.MayaLin'sGhostForest,aclimatechangememorialshecreatedinaNewYorkCitypark,isonlyoneexample."Ibelievethatartcanhelpusimagineandmapsustainablefuturescenarios（设想）,and,indoingso,givepeopleawaytoseeandhopeforadifferentfuture,"Linsaid.Theclimateactivistsaresurelycorrectthatthepaceofreformisfartooslow,astheplanetburnsanddeadlystormsintensify.Buttheycasuallydismissthesincereeffortsofmillionsofpeopleworkingontheissue.ItwouldbeeasiertorespecttheyoungprotestersatJustStopOil,LastGeneration,andtherestofthesplashgroupsiftheyweretospendtheirtimeandenergyontheunexcitingbutessentialpoliticalworkaroundclimatechange:legislation,regulation,andwinningheartsandminds.Perhapspredictably,thedebatescausedbytheprotestshavenotbeenaboutclimatechange,butabouttheproteststhemselves.Givenhowlittlethey'vedonetogenerateseriousdiscussionorengagepeopletothecause,theartattacksseemlesslikevitalactsoflawbreakingthanmeretheatre.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"censure"inParagraph1probablymean?A.Approval.B.Criticism.C.Stress.D.Spirits.32.Whichideacanhelpexplainclimateactivists'action?A.Theendjustifiesthemeans.B.Artspeakswherewordsfail.C.Thefreedomofprotestshouldbeprotected.D.Artmattersinthefightagainstclimatecrisis.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thesolutiontoclimatecrisisliesincommunication.B.Galleriesshouldstrengthenregulationsliketheatres.C.Climateactivistsshoulddiversifytheirstrategies.D.Artattacksaremainlyaboutseekingattention.34.Theauthorwritesthepassageto________.A.launchacampaignB.assessadebateC.proposeasolutionD.challengeapractice第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Foodhasalwaysbeenauniversallanguagethatbringspeopletogether.Ithasthepowertobridgeculturalgapsandfosterunderstandingbetweennations.35Actually,culinarydiplomacyisnotanewconcept.Ithasbeenpracticedforcenturies,withancientcivilizationsusingfoodasameansofestablishingdiplomaticrelations.Today,ithasdevelopedintoamoreformalizedpractice,withgovernmentsrecognizingitspotentialtobuildbridgesandpromotepeace.36Foodisdeeplyrootedinculture,andbysharingtraditionaldishes,countriescanshowcasetheiruniqueheritageandtraditions.Throughfood,peoplecangainadeeperunderstandingofanation'shistory,values,andwayoflife.Thisexchangeofculinarytraditionscanleadtoagreaterappreciationandrespectfordifferentcultures.Culinarydiplomacyalsoprovidesaplatformfordialoguebetweennations.37Thesegatheringscreateopportunitiesforpeopletoengageinmeaningfulconversations.Bybreakingbreadtogether,peoplecanfindcommongroundandestablishconnectionsthatgobeyondpoliticaldifferences.Furthermore,culinarydiplomacycanhaveeconomicbenefitsforcountries.Bypromotingtheirlocalcuisine,nationscanattracttouristsandboosttheirculinarytourismindustry.38Additionally,culinarydiplomacycanenhanceacountry'ssoftpower,asitscuisinebecomesasymbolofitsculturalrichnessanddiversity.Inrecentyears,severalcountrieshaveembracedculinarydiplomacyasameansofpromotingtheirnationalcuisineandculture.Peru,forexample,hassuccessfullyusedculinarydiplomacytopromoteitscuisine.39Peruhastakenadvantageofthisbyhostinginternationalfoodeventsandestablishingculinaryschoolstotrainchefs.Asaresult,Peruhasseenasignificantincreaseintourismandinternationalrecognition.Culinarydiplomacyplaysacrucialroleinfosteringculturalexchangeandpromotingdialoguebetweennations.Astheworldbecomesmoreinterconnected,itwillcontinuetobeapowerfultoolinpromotingpeaceandfosteringglobalunderstanding.A.Culinarydiplomacycanpromotetrade,tourismandcooperation.B.Thisgeneratesprofitandcreatesjobopportunitiesforlocalpeople.C.Oneofthekeyrolesofculinarydiplomacyisfosteringculturalexchange.D.Itsrichculinaryheritage,withdisheslikeceviche,hasbecomeaglobalhit.E.Internationalfoodfestivalsandeventsbringfoodenthusiastsworldwidetogether.F.Asthesayinggoes,"Theeasiestwaytowinheartsandmindsisthroughstomach."G.Thisiswhereculinarydiplomacycomesin,usingfoodtopromoteculturalexchange.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Thehighschoolyearscanfeellikeanuphillbattleattimes:endlessexams,friendshipcrises,andself-doubtaboutyourabilities-it'senoughtomakeanyonethinkthattheworldisagainstthem.Butdon'tlosehopejustyet,becauseimprovingyourAdversityQuotient（AQ）canhelpyounavigateadversesituations.AQisameasureofhowwellyoudealwithlife'schallenges,obstacles,andeventotalfailures.It'saboutresilience,theabilitytobouncebackfromdifficulties,andtheabilitytoadapttonewordifficultsituations.HighAQisn'tjustaboutgoingthroughtoughtimes;it'saboutlearning,growing,andbecomingstronger.So,howdoyouturnadversitiesintoyoursteppingstones?Here'saguide.Keepflexiblewhensuddenchangesarise.Ifagroupprojectfallsapart,seeitasanopportunitytolearnhowtoworkindependentlyandmanageaprojectonyourown.Thiskindofadaptabilityensuresthatyou'renotjustgettingbywhenfacedwithchallenges,butactuallyfindingwaystostandout.Looktopasthardshipsyou'veovercomeformotivation.You'veovercomehardshipsbeforeandyoucandoitagain.Thinkaboutaspecificstruggleyoudealtwithinthepast.Howdidyoudoit?Whatgotyouthroughit?Usethesetohelpboostyourinnerstrengthandresiliencesoyoucanfaceanynewadversitythatcomesyourway.Lastly,removeyouremotionssoyoucanseethingsobjectively.Avoidmakingdecisionsifyou'refeelingoverwhelmedwithemotion-goodorbad.Emotionsaren'tnecessarilyabadthing,buttheycanmakeyouunreasonable.Wheneveryou'redealingwithanadversesituation,takeamomenttostepbackandassessitobjectively.Thatcanhelpyouseethingsmoreclearly.Inhighschool,boostingyourAQmeanslearningtodanceintherain,ratherthanwaitingforthestormtopass.So,treateachadversityasanopportunitytogrow,andremember,themostinspiringheroesarethosewho'veovercome