Module 2 The Renaissance 词汇及练习 学案-2021-2022学年高中英语外研版选修八

Module2TheRenaissance

词汇短语

1.appealv.恳求；呼吁

搭配：

(1)appealtosb(forsth)(为某事)呼吁/恳请某人

Heappealedtohisfriendsforhelp.

他向朋友们请求帮助。

(2)appealtosbtodosth呼吁/恳请某人做某事

Thepoliceappealedtothecrowdtokeepcalm.

警察呼吁群众保持冷静。

(1)appealv.上诉；有吸引力

搭配：

appealagainststh不服某事而上诉

Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.

他对被判五年有期徒刑提出上诉。

appealtosb迎合某人的爱好；吸引某人

TheideaappealedtoMary.

这主意正合玛丽的心意。

(2)appealn.呼吁，恳求；上诉；吸引力

Thecountryhasmadeanappealforhelptotheworld.

那个国家向世界求助。

Thenewfashionsoonlostitsappeal.

这种新潮流很快就失去了吸引力。

2.lossn.丢失；丧失

Thelossofherpursecausedhermuchinconvenience.

丢失钱包给她带来了诸多不便。

Thelossofincomeforthegovernmentisabout$250millionamonth.

政府收入每月减少大概2.5亿美元。

3.seekv.寻找；寻求

Wesought(for)ananswertothequestion,butcouldntfindone.

我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。

Mostmenseekwealth;allmenseekhappiness.

大多数人寻求财富，每个人都追求幸福。

seekadvice/help/permission征求建议/寻求帮助/征求同意

seekfame追求名利

seekonesfortune寻找致富(或成功)的机会

seekfor/after寻求；追求

seeksthfromsb向某人寻求某物

seektodosth试图做某事

辨析：

比较seek,find和search

(1)seek"寻找;探索”，一般用于抽象意义，有时也表示渴望得到某一

具体的东西，是比较正式的书面用语。它既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及

物动词，作不及物动词表“寻找；探索”时，既可接after也可接for。

(2)find“找到”，强调“寻找”的结果。

(3)search"搜寻;搜查”，后接要搜查的场所;后接人时指“搜身”。

4.blamen.(对错事或坏事应付的)责任

搭配：

(1)accept/bear/taketheblameforsth对某事负责任

Youmustbeartheblamefortheaccident.

你必须承担造成这次事故的责任。

Wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.

我们愿对所发生的事负责。

(2)put/laytheblameonsb(将某事)归咎于某人

Shellputtheblameonusifitturnsoutbadly.

如果结果糟糕，她将会怪罪于我们。

Heistryingtolaytheblameonme.

他企图把责任推给我。

blamev.责备；指责；把……归咎于

搭配：

(1)blamesbforsth/doingsth为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事

Manychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesin

speakingEnglish.

许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误受到责备。

Heblamedhisteachersforhisfailure.

他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。

(2)blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人

ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJackscarelessdriving.

警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。

It'snouseblamingourdefeatonhim.

把我们的失败归罪在他头上是没用的。

(3)betoblame(forsth)(对坏事)负有责任

注意：此处不能用被动语态。

Thechildrenwerenottoblamefortheaccident.

那次事故怪不着孩子们。

Heismoretoblamethanyou.

是他更应受责备，而不是你。

Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?

这场火灾该由谁负责？

5.leavefor出发去某地

(1)“leavefor+地点”表示“动身去某地”

NextFriday,AliceisleavingforLondon.

F周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦。

Heleftforthefronttwoweeksago.

两星期前，他出发去了前线。

（2）“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”

WhyareyouleavingShanghaiforBeijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

6.leadto导致，通向，通往

AllroadsleadtoRome.

条条道路通罗马。

Undergivenconditions,abadthingcanleadtogoodresults.

在一定条件下，一件坏事可以导致好的结果。

Anordinarycoldcansoonleadtoafever.

一场普通的感冒很快便会引起高烧。

辨析：

比较leadto和resultin

Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.

Thisinvestmentprogramwillleadtothecreationofnewjobs.

从以上句子可以看到，leadto的主语（即引起事情发生的主动方）多是

一个动态的动作或计划，其宾语（即被引起的事情）无严格的消极与积极之

分，而且多用于描述客观的可能性和对未来的预测。

Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.

Thesepoliciesresultedinmanyelderlyanddisabledpeoplesuffering

hardship.

从以上句子可以看到，resultin的主语多是静态、客观的一件事或物，其

宾语通常是不良或消极的结果，而且多用于描述已经发生的事件。

7.takeup从事，开始做（某项工作）

Afterheretiredfromoffice,Rogerstookuppaintingforawhile,but

soonlostinterest.

罗杰斯退休以后开始画画，但没多久就失去兴趣了。

HehadstudiedJapaneseforayearandahalfbeforehetookup

English.

他开始学习英语之前已经学了一年半日语。

Wetookupphysicalchemistryatcollege.

在大学我们选学了物理化学课。

Thescientisthastakenupanewsubject.

这位科学家已经开始研究一个新的课题。

(1)takeup(time/space)占用(时间)/占据(空间)

Thatbigtabletakesuptoomuchroom.

那张大桌子占的地方太大了。

LearningEnglishtakesupalotofmytime.

学英语占了我许多时间。

Thatboytookmytimeupwithhisquestions.

那个男孩的问题浪费了我的时间。

(2)takeup继续；接着讲

Wetookupourjourneythenextday.

第二天我们继续赶路。

Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneleftoff.

本章继续上一章谈到的内容。

(3)takeup接纳(乘客等)；接受(挑战、建议、条件等)

Thebusstoppedtotakeuppassengers.

公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。

Hehastakenupthebet.

他已接受打赌的条件。

(4)takeup提出(商讨)，讨论

There'sanothermatterwhichweoughttotakeup.

还有一件事我们要提出来商量。

跟踪练

阅读理解

A

AuthorWalterDeanMyersdiedattheageof76afterabriefillness.He

wastheauthorofmorethan100booksforchildrenandyoungadultsand

receivedmanytopawards.

Theprolificauthorwaslovedforhisvividdescriptionofthelivesof

AfricanAmericanchildren,andforwritingbooksforyoungpeoplethat

covereddifficultsubjectslikewarandviolence."Drugs,drive-by

shootings,wastedlives—Myershaswrittenaboutallthesesubjectswith

deepunderstandingandahard-won,qualifiedsenseofhope,"said

LeonardS.Marcus.

Hewasbornin1937andwasadoptedbyFlorenceandHerbertDean

afterhismotherdiedwhenhewas18monthsold.Theylovedhimvery

muchandhisadoptivemotherreadtohimfromaveryyoungage.Reading

pushedhimtodiscoverworldsbeyondhislandscape.

Hebeganwritingatanearlyage.Hewrotewellinhighschoolandan

Englishteacherrecognizedthisandadvisedhimtokeeponwritingno

matterwhathappenedtohim."Itswhatyoudo,"shesaid.

Hedroppedoutofhighschoolat17andjoinedthearmy.Afterfinishing

hisservice,heenteredadarkperiodinhislife.Myersbeganwritingat

nighttopullhimselfthroughthatmiserabletime.

InaNewYorkTimesessaypublishedseveralyearsago,Myers

describedhowashortstorybyJamesBaldwinhelpedchangethecourse

ofhislife,"Ididn'tlovethestory,butIwasliftedbyit,Mhewrote,"for

ittookplaceinHarlem,anditwasastoryconcernedwithblackpeople

likethoseIknew.Hisstoryhumanizedme.Thestorygavemea

permissionthatIdidn'tknowIneeded,thepermissiontowriteaboutmy

ownlandscape,myownmap."

"IwritebooksorthetroubledboyIoncewas,"hewrote,"andforthe

boywholiveswithinmestill."

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prolific"inParagraph2probably

mean?

A.Productive.B.Unfortunate.

C.Conservative.D.Humorous.

2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?

A.HowpopularMyerswas.

B.HowMyersbecamesuccessful.

C.WhatmakesMyersworkspopular.

D.WhatpeoplethinkofMyersworks.

3.WhodiscoveredMyerswritingtalent?

A.JamesBaldwin.B.Hisadoptivemother.

C.LeonardS.Marcus.D.Oneofhisteachers.

4.WhywastheshortstorybyJamesBaldwinsoimportantforMyers?

A.Ithelpedhimsurvivethedarkperiod.

B.Itinspiredhimtoseekhiswritingcareer.

C.Helearnedmanywritingtechniquesfromit.

D.Hechangedhisviewaboutwritingstories.

B

TheworksofShakespeareandWordsworthareboosters（助推器）to

thebrainandbetterthansomeguidebooks,researcherssaid.

Scientists,psychologistsandEnglishexpertsatLiverpoolUniversity

havefoundthatreadingtheworksofShakespeareandotherclassical

writershasabeneficialeffectonthemind,catchesthereader'sattention

andtriggersmomentsofself-reflection.Usingscanners,theymonitored

thebrainactivityofvolunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,

WilliamWordsworth,T.S.Eliotandotherclassicalwriters.

Theythen"translated"theoriginaltextsintomore"straightforward"

modernlanguageandagainmonitoredthereader'sbrainsastheyreadthe

words.Scansshowedthatthemore"challenging"essaysandpoetryset

offfarmoreelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthemuchplainerversions.

Scientistswereabletostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedtoeach

wordandrecordhowit"litup"asthereadersencounteredunusualwords,

surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencestructures.This"lightingup"ofthe

mindlastslonger,shifting（转动）thebraintoahigherspeed,

encouragingfurtherreading.

Theresearchalsofoundthatreadingpoetry,inparticular,increases

activityintherightsideofthebrain,helpingreaderstoreflectontheir

ownexperiences,whichtheycomparewithwhattheyhaveread.This,

accordingtotheresearchers,meantthattheclassicalworksweremore

usefulthanguidebooks.

PhilipDavis,anEnglishprofessor,believes"Theresearchshowsthe

powerofliteraturetoshiftthinkingpatterns,tocreatenewthoughts,

shapesandconnectionsintheyoungandadultsalike."

5.Accordingtothetext,readingclassicalworkscan___.

A.improveourreadingskills

B.benefitourmindandthinking

C.helpslearnmoreabouthistory

D.helpdealwithphysicalproblems

6.Howdidthescientistsandexpertsdotheexperiment?

A.Bylearningthehabitsofthereaders.

B.Byreadingworksofdifferentwriters.

C.Byscanningthereader'sbrainactivities.

D.Bylightinguptheactivitiesofthebrains.

7.WhatcanwelearnaboutreadingpoetryfromParagraph4?

A.Ithasthesameeffectsasreadingguidebooks.

B.Itsconcernedwiththerightsideofthebrain.

C.Ithelpsreaderslearnmoredifficultgrammar.

D.Itmakesreadersforgetabouttheirtroubles.

8.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Topresentastudyonbrainactivities.

B.Toshowthepowerofclassicalliterature.

C.Tointroducearesearchonreadingclassics.

D.ToappreciatewhatgreatwritersinEnglandhavedone.

阅读七选五

Therearemanyfactorswhichmayhaveaninfluenceonadultsand

childrenbeingabletoleadahealthylife.

Nowadays,peopleareverybusy.Childrenareexpectedtotakeon

moreresponsibilityathometohelptheirparents.Theyalsohavesporting

andleisureactivitiesaswellasschoolexpectations.

Thebusynessalsoaddsanotherfactor：Theneedtousecarstoget

fromoneplacetoanotherquickly.Computers,DVDs,CDs,television,

PlayStationsandXboxeshavebecomemajorleisureactivities,rather

thantraditionalmoreactivepursuits（消遣）.Thishasledtoalifestyleof

lessexercis