Unit+3+The+world+of+science+Developing+ideas高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

Theworldofscience-developingideasBook3Unit3Whoishe?BenjaminFranklinWhatdidhedo?HehelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheUSConstitution.《theDeclarationofIndependence》独立宣言apartfrom除了...beknownas作为...而出名PART.02BenjaminFranklinFoundingFathersoftheUSDeclarationofIndependenceleadingauthor,printer,publisher,diplomat,scientistandinventor.Heisundoubtedlyimportant/significanttoAmericans.Whatmadehimfamous?WhatisFranklin’sexperimentabout?DoyouthinkFranklin’sexperimentistrueornot?Observethetitleandpictureandanswerthequestions.FRANKLIN’S

EXPERIMENT:HowMuchIsTrue?SkimmingReadthepassageandtrytofindout:themainideaofeachparagraph.thestructureofthepassage.ReadingTip:payattentiontothefirstorlastsentencesofeachparagraphFRANKLIN’S

EXPERIMENT:HowMuchIsTrue?ReadformainideaPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6A.TheeffectoftheexperimentB.IntroductionC.ConclusionD.DoubtaboutFranklin’sexperimentE.HowtheexperimentiscarriedoutF.DoubtaboutotheracceptedideasSkimmingReadforstructure

IntroductionTheexperimentTheattitudesTheattitudesTheattitudesConlusionCarefulreading1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsFranklin’sexperiment?A.skepticalB.optimisticC.criticalD.positiveReadPara.1andanswerthequestions.2.UnderlineasupprtingsentenceinPara.1ReadPara.2andfillintheexperimentreport.ExperimentThekitelightningexperimentAimMaterialProcedureConclusionLightningwasaformofelectricity.AkitewithastringandametalkeyFirst,Franklinflewakitewithastringandametalkey.Then,whenaflashoflightninghitthekite,electricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.Finally,touchingthekey,Franklingotanelectricshock.Totestiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricity.

Howpeople’sattitudestowardsFranklin’sexperimenthavechanged?SchoolsSchoolchildrenFormanyyears,schoolshavetaughtthestoryof

Franklin’slightningexperiment.Morethanone

generationof

schoolchildrenhasbeen

amazed

byhisbraveryandhis

scientificapproachto

lookingforthetruth.Influence:Franklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationinspiredgenerationsofschoolchildren.Readfordetails

ScientistsHewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshockifhehadtouchedthekey.Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecause

theywanttoestablishthefacts.Whydoscientistsquestiontheacceptedidea?ReadfordetailsStories

behind

inventions

may

not

be

true.Why

does

the

author

mention

the

story

about

the

apple

falling

on

Newton’s

head

in

the

text?Readfordetails.4

Factandfiction,whichdoyouthinkmatters?Why?Whatqualitiesshouldwehave?Fictionisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.Peoplefocusonthespiritofscientificexploration.Thespiritofscientificexploration.CriticalthinkingThespiritofscientificexplorationCriticalthinkingReadfordetailstrue:Franklin’sexperimentdidtakeplace.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.untrue:Whatreallyhappenedisquestioned.MaybeFranklindidn’ttouchthekeybecausehewouldcentainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.WhatmaybetrueanduntrueinFranklin’sexperimentrespectively(各自、分别地)?Why?()Franklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.()PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin’sexperiment.()ScientistsquestionwhatreallyhappenedinFranklin’sexperiment.312Numberthestatementstoshowhowpeople’sattitudestowardsFranklin’sexperimenthavechanged.PART.02Think&share1.DoyouthinkitmattersthatFranklin’sexperimentmightnotbetrue?Why?Itdepends.Althoughtheexperimentisnottrue,itamazedusbyFranklin’sbravery,hisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruthandhisspiritofscientificexploration.However,forthedevelopmentofscience,experimentsmustbebasedonfacts.eg:2.Whatisyouropinionaboutthestatement陈述“...weshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory”?Think&shareeg.Sometimesareallygreatstorymaynotbetrue,andweneedtohavecriticalthinking.ThespiritsofscientistsinChina.3.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkagreatscientistshouldhave?brilliantbraveinnovativeperseverantcuriousdevotedimaginative...Think&share4.Inwhatwaysdoscientistscontributetosociety?Think&shareFirstly,scientificdiscoveriespromotethedevelopmentofoursociety.Secondly,thecontributionsofscientistsinmedicineextendourlifespan.Thirdly,scientistshaveinventedalotofsurprisingtoolsthatfundamentallyimproveourlivingstandards.Homework.WritedownthespiritsofscientistsinChina.SurftheinternetforthestoriesbetweenEdison&Tesla,thetwogreatestinventorsinthehistoryofthedevelopmentofelectricpowerandthinkabout“Howmuchthestoryistrue?”Andsharethestoriesyoucollectednextperiod.1BenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightninghasintroducedgenerationsofchildrentoscience.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，而并非事实。theexperimentwithgenerationsof用……做的实验一代又一代的涉及短语suggestv.暗示，表明宾语从句2Thewell-knownstoryisthattheAmericanFoundingFatherandscientistflewakiteduringastormin1752.Atthattime,therewasmuchinterestinelectricity.Peoplewantedtoknowiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.Franklinwasoneofthem.这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。当时，不少人对电感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。表语从句宾语从句2Heraisedthekitewithapieceofstringtiedtoit.Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.Aflashoflightning

hitthekite,andelectricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.Franklinthentouchedthekeywithhisfingerandgotanelectricshock.This,hesaid,provedthatlightningwasaformofelectricity.他在风筝上系了一根细绳，细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中了风筝，电流通过绳子传到了钥匙上。接着富兰克林用手指触碰钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。beattachedtoaflashoflightninggetanelectricshock被附上；附属于；依恋/爱慕……一道闪电触电涉及短语3Formanyyears,schoolshavetaughtthestoryofFranklin’slightningexperiment.Morethanonegenerationofschoolchildrenhasbeenamazedbyhisbraveryandhisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruth.多年来，学校一直在讲授富兰克林闪电实验的故事。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。morethanonebeamazedby/atapproachtodoing很多的对……感到惊讶……的方式涉及短语“morethanone＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数现在完成时标志3Franklin,alongwithmanyotherscientists,hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们，科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。alongwithcontributeto/towards和……一起贡献涉及短语宾语从句alongwith,togetherwith,with,aswellas,ratherthan,except,including连接两个主语时，谓语动词由最前面的主语决定其单复数，即就远原则。4However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.4However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.

“既不…也不…”,若连接两个主语，其谓语形式用就近原则。然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。让步状语从句AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.宾语从句宾语从句虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，但不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。形式主语：ithasbeenprovedthat...ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的，但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。宾语从句条件状语从句if引导的虚拟条件句：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhaveseenthewriter.5Scientistsoftenquestion

acceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.acceptedideasestablishthefactscomeupwithhitsb.onthehead既定的观点求证事实想出，提出

击中某人头部涉及短语5Scientistsoftenquestion

acceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出质疑，以求证事实。一些科学家甚至质疑关于苹果砸中了牛顿的脑袋促使他提出了万有引力定律的故事。事实上，多处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。原因状语从句定语从句宾语从句状语从句6Admittedly,fictionisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.PeoplehavebeenmoreinspiredbyFranklin’sspiritofscientificexplorationthanbythefactsthemselves.Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.诚然，虚构往往比真相更有趣。富兰克林科学探索精神比事实本身更能激励人们。但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。admittedlybemoreinspiredby诚然，不可否认比起……更受启发涉及短语让步状语从句Words&expressions建国元勋起草v.独立宣言除了领先的adj.外交官n.发明家n.使某人初次了解，接触研究表明虚构而非事实在那时,当时对……有很大的兴趣把……系在……上foundingfathersdrafttheDeclarationofIndependenceapartfromleadingdiplomatinventorintroducesbtosthresearchsuggeststhat…fictioninsteadoffactatthattime+didtherewasmuchinterestin…tie/attach…to…Words&expressions触电一种做……的方法为了证明真相对……有贡献/裨益发生质疑被广泛接受的观点导致某人做某事提出想法没有证据表明……击中他的头诚然adv.科学探索的精神getanelectricshockaformoftheapproachtodoingsthinordertodosthestablishthefactcontributetowards/to…takeplacequestionacceptedidasleadsbtodosthcomeupwiththereisnoproofthat…hithimontheheadadmittedlythespiritofscientificexploration单句语法填空NewresearchsuggeststhatBenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightningmaybefictioninstead1.__fact.Duringastormin1752，Franklinraisedakitewithapieceofstring2.____(tie)toit.Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.Aflashoflightninghitthekite，andelectricity3._____________(conduct)throughthestringtothekey.Franklinthentouchedthekeywithhisfingerandgotanelectricshock.oftiedwasconductedFormanyyears，schools4.___________(teach)thestoryofFranklin’slightningexperiment.5._________,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperiment6.___(be)entirelytrue.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhad7.________(actual)touchedthekey，hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.Somehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapple8.__________fellonNewton’sheadandledhim9._______(come)upwithhistheoryofgravity.Admittedly，fictionisoften10.________________(interesting)thanthetruth.Butinscience，factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch，andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.havetaughtHoweverareactuallythat/whichtocomemoreinteresting1．Franklin，alongwithmanyotherscientists，hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.[句式分析]本句是____句。句中that引导____从句；inordertoestablishthetruthandtocontribute...在从句中作____状语。[自主翻译]

Sentencesanalysis复合宾语目的

富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。2．Althoughithasbeenprovedt