【英语】山东省部分学校2023-2024学年高三下学期4月联合调考试题(解析版)

山东省部分学校2023-2024学年高三下学期4月联合调考英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyouareparents,we’dliketotellyouthatwhenyoutrustkids,theylearntotrustthemselves.Sosince1989,we’veofferedsummerdaycampswherekidschoosetheirownadventuresthrougharangeofactivities.Itoffersasafe,judgment-freeenvironmentforkidstohavefun.Theycanbethemselves,exploretheirpassions,andfindasenseofmeaningintheiractivities,whichishardtofindelsewhere.TicketsWeofferauniquelyflexiblecampmodelthatparentslove.YoucanpurchaseasmanyDayPassesasyou’dlike,orgetaSummerPass,whichisgoodfortheentireseason.Noweeklyreservationsarerequired.Justshowupandwe’llbereadyforyou!Andbecauseweknowyou’rebusyandthatyourschedulesmaychange,we’llautomaticallyrefundallunusedDayPassesandunderusedSummerPassesbymid-September.ServicesWecan’tpretendtoknowwhatyourschedulelookslike,soweofferindustry-leadingopeninghourswithnoextracharge.Everysingleoneofourcampsisopenfrom8amuntil6pm,andyoucandropofforpickupatanytimeinthewindow.Andgetreadyforasummerwithoutpackinglunches!Lunchesandsnacksareincludeddaily.LocationsWehaveover40locationsacrosstheUS,withcamplocationsinSanFrancisco,LosAngeles,Irvine,Seattle,Portland,Denver,Chicago,NewYork,NewJersey,Boston,WashingtonDC,Virginia,Austin,MinneapolisandAtlanta.Andyourcamppassesaregoodateverysinglelocation.Dates&PricesOurdatesrangefromtheearlyJunetothelateAugust,dependingonyourcamplocation.Pleaseseeourwebpageforyourlocaldates&prices.1.Whatisthepurposeofthecamps?A.Tohelpkidsenjoythemselves.B.Toteachkidstoorganizeactivities.C.Toteachkidstotrusttheirparents.D.Tohelpkidsknowtheirparents’passions.2.Whatdoweknowabouttheticketsofthecamps?A.TheyareforuseinSeptember.B.Theyareavailableintwotypes.C.Theadultonesneedtobereservedweekly.D.Theunusedonescanberefundedatanytime.3.Whichofthefollowingdothecampsoffer?A.Threefreemealsperday. B.Onlinepriceenquiry.C.Toursto40citiesintheUS. D.A24-hourtransportationservice.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个夏令营活动，包括票务、服务、位置、价格等。【答案】1.A2.B3.B【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sosince1989,we’veofferedsummerdaycampswherekidschoosetheirownadventuresthrougharangeofactivities.Itoffersasafe,judgment-freeenvironmentforkidstohavefun.Theycanbethemselves,exploretheirpassions,andfindasenseofmeaningintheiractivities,whichishardtofindelsewhere.(因此，自1989年以来，我们提供夏令营，让孩子们通过一系列活动选择自己的冒险经历。它为孩子们提供了一个安全、不受评判的玩耍环境。他们可以做自己，探索自己的激情，在自己的活动中找到意义，这在其他地方很难找到)”可知，夏令营的目的是让儿童可以尽情玩耍。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Tickets部分的“YoucanpurchaseasmanyDayPassesasyou’dlike,orgetaSummerPass,whichisgoodfortheentireseason.(你可以购买任意数量的日间通票，也可以购买夏季通票，夏季通票适用于整个季节)”可知，夏令营有两种形式的票：日间票和夏季通票。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Dates&Prices部分中“Pleaseseeourwebpageforyourlocaldates&prices.(请参阅我们的网页了解您当地日期和价格)”可知，夏令营提供网上价格查询服务。故选B。BWhatwillyoudowhenyoufeellikeafailure?Feelinglikeafailureispartofthehumanexperiences.Treatyourselfwithkindnessandunderstandthatfailuredoesnotdefineyou,butitisasteppingstoneonyourjourney.Whenyou’reready,takeactionandchallengeyourself.Assomefriendsweredeeplylostintheworldofyogaandmindfulness,I’vepersonallystruggledwiththefeelingoffailure,notontheyogamat,butontheroadtomyentrepreneurship(创业).ItallbeganseveralyearsagowhenIthrewmyselfintothebusiness,drivenbymypassionandadream.Intheearlydays,optimismflowedfreely,butfinancialstrugglesandsleeplessnightssoonfollowed.Iquestionedmydecisionandfeltlikethebiggestfailure.However,everydifficultybecameasteppingstonetowardsgrowth.Ilearnedmorefrommyfailuresthanfrommysuccesses,adaptingandgrowingstrongerwitheachobstacle.Ireachedouttoinstructors,friendsandfamily,soughtadviceandslowlysawarayofhope.OnedefiningmomentcamewhenIgainedmyfirstlong-termcoachingpartnership.Itwasabreakthrough,andmyhardworkpaidoff.Overtheyears,Ifacedmanymorefailures,butIrefusedtoletthemdefineme.Today,lookingbackatmyjourney,Irealizethatmomentsoffeelinglikeafailurewereessentialtomysuccess.Theytaughtmehumility,perseveranceandthevalueofhardwork.TheyshapedmeintoasuccessfulentrepreneurIamtoday—someonewhodoesn’tfearfailurebutembracesitasanecessarypartofthepathtosuccess.Asweapproachtheendoftheyearofgraduation,rememberthatsuccessisnotaboutavoidingfailure,butabouthowweriseafterwefall.Let’ssupporteachotheronthisjourneycalledlife.Staypositive,stayinspiredandstaytruetoourselves.4.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Togivethedefinitionoffailure.B.Tolistsomeexamplesoffailure.C.Tointroducethetopicofthestory.D.Tostresstheimportanceofexperience.5.Whatmadetheauthorstartabusiness?A.Internalmotivation. B.Advicefromacoach.C.Familyfinancialcrisis. D.Encouragementfromfriends.6.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheauthor’sentrepreneurialexperience?A.Toteachistolearn.B.Awordspokenispastrecalling.C.Constantdroppingwearsawayastone.D.Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttodointhelastparagraph?A.Inspireuswithhislessons.B.Persuadeustomajorinbusiness.C.Recallthekeymomentsofhisentrepreneurship.D.Advocateavoidingobstaclesonthewaytosuccess.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者创业的经历告诉读者，不要让失败定义自己，而是要从中学习，然后站起来迎接挑战。【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.A【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whatwillyoudowhenyoufeellikeafailure?Feelinglikeafailureispartofthehumanexperiences.Treatyourselfwithkindnessandunderstandthatfailuredoesnotdefineyou,butitisasteppingstoneonyourjourney.Whenyou’reready,takeactionandchallengeyourself.(当你觉得自己很失败时，你会怎么做?感觉失败是人类经历的一部分。善待自己，要明白失败并不能定义你，但它是你人生旅途上的一块垫脚石。当你准备好了，采取行动，挑战自己)”并结合下文作者陈述自己从创业经历中明白失败是不可避免的，要从失败中学习，积极地面对挑战推知，第一段的作用是引出故事的主题。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ItallbeganseveralyearsagowhenIthrewmyselfintothebusiness,drivenbymypassionandadream.(这一切都始于几年前，在我的激情和梦想的驱使下，我全身心地投入了这个行业)”可知，作者创业是因为激情和梦想，即内驱力。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Intheearlydays,optimismflowedfreely,butfinancialstrugglesandsleeplessnightssoonfollowed.Iquestionedmydecisionandfeltlikethebiggestfailure.However,everydifficultybecameasteppingstonetowardsgrowth.Ilearnedmorefrommyfailuresthanfrommysuccesses,adaptingandgrowingstrongerwitheachobstacle.Ireachedouttoinstructors,friendsandfamily,soughtadviceandslowlysawarayofhope.OnedefiningmomentcamewhenIgainedmyfirstlong-termcoachingpartnership.Itwasabreakthrough,andmyhardworkpaidoff.(在最初的日子里，乐观情绪随处可见，但很快就出现了财务困难和不眠之夜。我质疑自己的决定，觉得自己是最大的失败。然而，每一个困难都成为成长的垫脚石。我从失败中学到的比从成功中学到的要多，在每一个障碍中适应并变得更强大。我向老师、朋友和家人求助，寻求建议，慢慢地看到了一线希望。一个决定性的时刻是我获得了第一个长期的教练合作伙伴关系。这是一个突破，我的努力得到了回报)”可知，作者从一次次失败中学习，最终获得了一个长期合作伙伴，努力得到了回报。由此推知，我们可以从作者的创业经历中了解到“滴水穿石”的道理。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today,lookingbackatmyjourney,Irealizethatmomentsoffeelinglikeafailurewereessentialtomysuccess.Theytaughtmehumility,perseveranceandthevalueofhardwork.TheyshapedmeintoasuccessfulentrepreneurIamtoday—someonewhodoesn’tfearfailurebutembracesitasanecessarypartofthepathtosuccess.Asweapproachtheendoftheyearofgraduation,rememberthatsuccessisnotaboutavoidingfailure,butabouthowweriseafterwefall.Let’ssupporteachotheronthisjourneycalledlife.Staypositive,stayinspiredandstaytruetoourselves.(今天，回顾我的人生历程，我意识到那些感觉失败的时刻对我的成功至关重要。他们教会了我谦卑、毅力和努力工作的价值。他们把我塑造成了今天这样一个成功的企业家——一个不害怕失败，而是把失败视为通往成功之路的必要组成部分的人。在我们即将毕业之际，请记住，成功不在于避免失败，而在于我们如何在失败后站起来。让我们在这段叫做生活的旅程中互相支持。保持积极，保持灵感，做真实的自己)”推知，作者用自己创业的经验教训来激励读者。故选A。CHistoricalaccountsoftendescribedthenow-extinctCaliforniagrizzlybearsashugebeastsreadytoattackhumansandlivestockatanytime.Butaccordingtoanewpaper,scientistssaythetruthmighthavebeenlessdramatic:Thebearsateamostlyvegetariandietandweresmallerthanpreviouslydescribed.CaliforniagrizzlybearsonceroamedintheGoldenState.ButEuropeansettlersoftenhunted,poisonedandtrappedthecreatures.Overtime,becauseofthesehumanactivities,theCaliforniagrizzlypopulationdeclined.ThelastreliablesightingofaCaliforniagrizzlybearoccurred100yearsagoin1924,andtheanimalsdisappearedcompletelysometimeafterthat.Researcherswantedtogetabetterunderstandingofthefactorsthatacceleratedthebears’extinction.Theyalsohopedtogainmoreinsightintothecreatures’behavior,sizeanddiet.Todoso,theyturnedtodocumentsandCaliforniagrizzlyspecimensinnaturalhistorycollections.Theymeasuredtheanimals’skullsandteethandanalyzedtheirbonesandpelts.TheresearchersfoundthatCaliforniagrizzlybearsweremuchsmallerthanthe2,000poundsoftenreportedatthetime.Historicalaccountsmightnotnecessarilyhavebeenwrong,buttheymighthaveonlyincludedthelargestbears.Inaddition,analysesoftheanimals’bonesandskinssuggestthebearswereprimarilyeatingplants,whichstandsincontrasttotheirfearsomehypercarnivorous(超级食肉的)reputation.“Thebearslikelyincreasedmeatconsumptionduetolandscapechangescoupledwiththearrivaloflivestock,”saysstudyco-authorAlexisMychajliw.However,researchersfoundtheanimalsstillateamajorityvegetariandietandkilledfarlesslivestockthanhistoricalaccountssuggested.Bydiggingbeyondthebears’reputation,theresearchersgainedamoreaccurateunderstandingoftheCaliforniagrizzly’sbiologyandnaturalhistory.Andsincescientistsandlandmanagersoftenrelyonhistoricalaccountswhenreintroducinganimalstotheirformerhabitats,thestudyservesasareminderthatthoseoldnewspapersandjournalsdonottellthewholestory.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“roamed”inparagraph1mean?A.Disappeared. B.Declined. C.Fought. D.Wandered.9.WhatdidtheresearchersdiscoveraboutCaliforniagrizzlybears?A.Theymainlyfedonlivestock.B.Theirdietconsistedmostlyofplants.C.Theyateabalanceddietofplantsandmeat.D.Theabsenceoflivestockchangedtheirdietaryhabit.10.Whatcanwelearnabouthistoricalaccountsofanimalsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyareunique. B.Theyareone-sided.C.Theyareaccurate. D.Theyarecomprehensive.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThenaturalhabitatsofCaliforniagrizzlybears.B.TheextinctionprocessofCaliforniagrizzlybears.C.TherevealofthetruthofCaliforniagrizzlybears.D.ThesignificanceofthearrivalofCaliforniagrizzlybears.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食，比之前描述的要小，因此对动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的，不完全的。【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.C【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下句“ButEuropeansettlersoftenhunted,poisonedandtrappedthecreatures.Overtime,becauseofthesehumanactivities,theCaliforniagrizzlypopulationdeclined.(但欧洲殖民者经常猎杀、毒死和诱捕这些生物。随着时间的推移，由于这些人类活动，加州灰熊的数量下降了)”可知，加州灰熊曾经数量很多，随处游荡。由此猜测roamed意为“游荡”，与wandered同义。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inaddition,analysesoftheanimals’bonesandskinssuggestthebearswereprimarilyeatingplants,whichstandsincontrasttotheirfearsomehypercarnivorous(超级食肉的)reputation.(此外，对动物骨骼和皮肤的分析表明，熊主要以植物为食，这与它们可怕的超级食肉动物的名声形成了对比)”可知，研究发现灰熊主要以植物为食。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bydiggingbeyondthebears’reputation,theresearchersgainedamoreaccurateunderstandingoftheCaliforniagrizzly’sbiologyandnaturalhistory.Andsincescientistsandlandmanagersoftenrelyonhistoricalaccountswhenreintroducinganimalstotheirformerhabitats,thestudyservesasareminderthatthoseoldnewspapersandjournalsdonottellthewholestory.(通过深入研究灰熊的名声，研究人员对加州灰熊的生物学和自然历史有了更准确的了解。由于科学家和土地管理者在将动物重新引入它们以前的栖息地时经常依赖于历史记录，这项研究提醒人们，那些旧报纸和期刊并没有讲述整个故事)”推知，对动物的历史纪录有可能是片面的，并不完整和准确。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Historicalaccountsoftendescribedthenow-extinctCaliforniagrizzlybearsashugebeastsreadytoattackhumansandlivestockatanytime.Butaccordingtoanewpaper,scientistssaythetruthmighthavebeenlessdramatic:Thebearsateamostlyvegetariandietandweresmallerthanpreviouslydescribed.(历史记载经常将现已灭绝的加利福尼亚灰熊描述为随时准备攻击人类和牲畜的巨大野兽。但根据一篇新的论文，科学家们说真相可能没有那么戏剧性：这些熊主要吃素食，比之前描述的要小)”可知，文章主要介绍研究揭示了一些关于加州灰熊的真相——主要吃素食，比之前描述的要小。故选C。DUntilrecently,gravitationalwavescouldhavebeenthestuffofEinstein’simagination.Beforetheyweredetected,thesewavesinspacetimeexistedonlyinthephysicist’sgeneraltheoryofrelativity,asfarasscientistsknew.Now,researchersareonthehuntformorewaystodetectthewaves.“Thestudyofgravitationalwavesisbooming,”saysastrophysicistKaranJaniofVanderbiltUniversityinNashville.“Thisisjustremarkable.NofieldIcanthinkofinfundamentalphysicshasseenprogressthisfast.”Justaslightcomesinavarietyofwavelengths,sodogravitationalwaves.Differentwavelengthspointtodifferenttypesoforiginsoftheuniverseandrequiredifferentkindsofdetectors.Gravitationalwaveswithwavelengthsofafewthousandkilometers—likethosedetectedbytheUnitedStates,ItalyandJapan—comemostlyfrompairsofblackholes10orsotimesthemassofthesun,orfromcollisionsofdensecosmicblockscalledneutronstars(中子星).Thesedetectorscouldalsospotwavesfromcertaintypesofexplodingstarsandrapidlymovingneutronstars.Incontrast,hugewavesthatspanlight-yearsarethoughttobecreatedbyorbitingpairsofbiggerblackholeswithmassesbillionsoftimesthatofthesun.InJune,scientistsreportedthefirststrongevidenceofthesetypesofwavesbyturningtheentiregalaxy(星系)intoadetector,watchinghowthewavesmakeslightchangestothetimingofregularblinksfromneutronstarsthroughouttheMilkyWay.Physicistsnowhopetodiveintoavast,cosmicoceanofgravitationalwavesofallsortsofsizes.Thesewavescouldrevealnewdetailsaboutthesecretlivesofexoticobjectssuchasblackholesandunknownpartsoftheuniverse.PhysicistJasonHoganofStanfordUniversitythinkstherearestillalotofgapsinthecoverageofwavelengths.“Butitmakessensetocoverallthebases.Whoknowswhatelsewemayfind?”hesays.Thesearchforcapturingthefullcomplementoftheuniverse’sgravitationalwavesexactlycouldtakeobservatoriesoutintothemoon,totheatomicareaandelsewhere.12.WhatdoesKaranJanithinkofthecurrentstudyongravitationalwaves?A.Itisrapidandpioneering.B.Itisslowbutsteadilyincreasing.C.Itisinterruptedduetolimiteddetectors.D.Itisprogressingasfastasanyotherfield.13.Whatdothedetectedgravitationalwavesmostlyindicate?A.Thecreationofdifferentkindsofdetectors.B.Collisionsofplanetsoutsidethesolarsystem.C.Thepresenceoflightindifferentwavelengths.D.Activitiesinvolvingblackholesandneutronstars.14.Howdidscientistsmanagetofindhugewaves’evidence?A.Byanalyzingsunlight.B.Bylocatingthenewgalaxy.C.Byusingthewholegalaxyasatool.D.Byobservingthesun’sregularmovement.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefuturestudyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.It’llexcludetheatomicfield.B.It’llfocusexactlyonthemappingofthegalaxy.C.It’llrequireprioritizingcertainwavelengthsonthemoon.D.It’llexplorepotentialplacestodetectgravitationalwaves.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对引力波相关研究的快速发展，以及对引力波研究时的发现，和该研究的重要意义。【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中““Thestudyofgravitationalwavesisbooming,”saysastrophysicistKaranJaniofVanderbiltUniversityinNashville.“Thisisjustremarkable.NofieldIcanthinkofinfundamentalphysicshasseenprogressthisfast.”(“对引力波的研究正在蓬勃发展，”纳什维尔范德比尔特大学的天体物理学家KaranJani说。“这太了不起了。在基础物理学中，我想不出有哪个领域的进步如此之快。”)”可知，KaranJani认为最近的引力波的研究是快速且具有开拓性的。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Gravitationalwaveswithwavelengthsofafewthousandkilometers—likethosedetectedbytheUnitedStates,ItalyandJapan—comemostlyfrompairsofblackholes10orsotimesthemassofthesun,orfromcollisionsofdensecosmicblockscalledneutronstars(中子星).(波长为几千公里的引力波——就像美国、意大利和日本探测到的那样——主要来自一对质量为太阳10倍左右的黑洞，或者来自被称为中子星的致密宇宙块的碰撞)”可知，探测到的引力波主要表明黑洞和中子星的相关活动。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“InJune,scientistsreportedthefirststrongevidenceofthesetypesofwavesbyturningtheentiregalaxy(星系)intoadetector,watchinghowthewavesmakeslightchangestothetimingofregularblinksfromneutronstarsthroughouttheMilkyWay.(今年6月，科学家们通过将整个星系变成一个探测器，观察这些波如何对整个银河系中子星定期眨眼的时间产生细微变化，报告了这些波的第一个有力证据)”可知，科学家通过将整个星系变为探测器来寻找巨大波存在的证据。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“PhysicistJasonHoganofStanfordUniversitythinkstherearestillalotofgapsinthecoverageofwavelengths.“Butitmakessensetocoverallthebases.Whoknowswhatelsewemayfind?”hesays.Thesearchforcapturingthefullcomplementoftheuniverse’sgravitationalwavesexactlycouldtakeobservatoriesoutintothemoon,totheatomicareaandelsewhere.(斯坦福大学的物理学家杰森·霍根认为，在波长的覆盖范围上还有很多空白。“但覆盖所有基础是有意义的。谁知道我们还会发现什么?”他说。为了准确捕捉到宇宙引力波的全部内容，天文台可以进入月球、原子区域和其他地方)”可知，在波长覆盖的范围上还有很多空白，且覆盖所有基础是有意义的。由此推知，未来的研究将探索可能探测到引力波的地方。故选D。第二节(共9小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ShopSustainablyIfyouhavetonameonethingthatcontributesmosttoyourecologicalfootprints,youmaysaytheenergyyouuseathome,oryourcar’semissions.___16___Knowingthiscanmakeyourgroceryshopsmoreplanet-friendly.Hereiswhatyoucandotohelpshopsustainably.●___17___Usingthoseisagreatfirststep.Ifyougetsome,doremembertofillthemwithyourpurchases.Whenyouadaptyourselftoreusingthem,thenyou’llcutyourconsumptionofsingle-useplasticbagsevenfurther.●Avoidunnecessarypacking.Buyloosefruitandvegetablesinsteadofpre-packagedproduce,andavoidproductsthatcontainmultiplesinglepackagesordoublepackaging,likegraininaboxandabag.Considerswitchingfromteabagsandcoffeepodstotealeavesandgroundcoffee.___18___●Goorganicwhenyoucan.Inadditiontothebenefitorganicfarminghastoinsectbiodiversity,it’salsoconsideredmoresustainableandbetterfortheenvironment.___19___Choosingfree-rangeorMarineStewardshipCouncil-certifiedproductsalsoencouragesenvironment-andanimal-friendlyfoodproduction.●Buyseasonalandnativeproducts.___20___Soyoucanavoidbuyinggoodsthathavetravelledlongdistancestoreachyourplate.Aswellasoptingforlocalgoods,dependingonwhereyoulive,inthesupermarket,youcanalsobuydirectlyfromthesourceatfarmers’markets.A.Takereusablegrocerybags.B.Selectsingle-useplasticbags.C.Itsupportslocalfarmersandfoodproducers.D.Youcanalsorefillyourowncontainerswithloose-packedfood.E.Whenbuyingorganicproducts,lookforthoseofficiallycertified.F.Butit’swhatweeatthataccountsforupto60%ofourpersonaldemand.G.You’llfinditconvenientwheneveryoubuyteaorcoffeeinthesupermarket.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍如何在购物时做出更可持续和环保的选择，从而减少对环境的影响。【答案】16.F17.A18.D19.E20.C【16题详解】根据前文“Ifyouhavetonameonethingthatcontributesmosttoyourecologicalfootprints,youmaysaytheenergyyouuseathome,oryourcar’semissions.(如果你必须说出一个对你的生态足迹贡献最大的东西，你可能会说你在家使用的能源，或者你汽车的排放)”以及后文“Knowingthiscanmakeyourgroceryshopsmoreplanet-friendly.Hereiswhatyoucandotohelpshopsustainably.(了解这一点可以让你的杂货店对地球更友好。以下是你可以做的事情来帮助可持续购物)”可知，后文提到“了解这一点”，前文没有提到，所以应是空处提及，且和杂货店有关，所以F项“Butit’swhatweeatthataccountsforupto60%ofourpersonaldemand.(但我们吃的东西占了我们个人需求的60%)”符合文意，和前文构成转折关系，并且提出一个和杂货店有关的观点。故选F项。【17题详解】分析设空，位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“Usingthoseisagreatfirststep.Ifyougetsome,doremembertofillthemwithyourpurchases.Whenyouadaptyourselftoreusingthem,thenyou’llcutyourconsumptionofsingle-useplasticbagsevenfurther.(使用这些工具是很好的第一步。如果你买了一些，记得把你买的东西填满。当你习惯重复使用它们时，你就会进一步减少一次性塑料袋的消耗)”可知，此处讲述的使用可重复使用的购物袋，所以A项“Takereusablegrocerybags.(使用可重复使用的购物袋)”符合文意。故选A项。【18题详解】分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Avoidunnecessarypacking.Buyloosefruitandvegetablesinsteadofpre-packagedproduce,andavoidproductsthatcontainmultiplesinglepackagesordoublepackaging,likegraininaboxandabag.Considerswitchingfromteabagsandcoffeepodstotealeavesandgroundcoffee.(避免不必要的包装。购买散装的水果和蔬菜，而不是预先包装好的农产品，避免含有多个单包装或双包装的产品，如盒子和袋子中的谷物。考虑把茶包和咖啡豆荚换成茶叶和咖啡粉)”可知，本段主要讲述与减少包装、环保购物相关的建议，所以D项“Youcanalsorefillyourowncontainerswithloose-packedfood.(你也可以用自己的容器重新装满散装食品)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选D项。【19题详解】根据前文“Goorganicwhenyoucan.Inadditiontothebenefitorganicfarminghastoinsectbiodiversity,it’salsoconsideredmoresustainableandbetterfortheenvironment.(尽可能食用有机食品。除了有机农业对昆虫生物多样性的好处外，它还被认为更具可持续性，对环境更好)”可知，本段主要讲述了尽可能食用有机食品，所以E项“Whenbuyingorganicproducts,lookforthoseofficiallycertified.(购买有机产品时，寻找那些官方认证的产品)”符合本段主题，且和下文“Choosingfree-rangeorMarineStewardshipCouncil-certifiedproductsalsoencouragesenvironment-andanimal-friendlyfoodproduction.(选择自由放养或海洋管理委员会认证的产品也鼓励环境和动物友好的食品生产)”构成顺承关系。故选E项。【20题详解】根据前文“Buyseasonalandnativeproducts.(购买时令产品和土特产)”以及后文“Soyoucanavoidbuyinggoodsthathavetravelledlongdistancestoreachyourplate.(这样你就可以避免购买经过长途跋涉才到达你盘子里的食物)”可知，C项“Itsupportslocalfarmersandfoodproducers.(它支持当地农民和食品生产商)”是对前句的进一步解释，且和后文构成因果关系。故选C项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共19小题;每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwaschattingwithHenry,acolleagueofmine,abouthowIwasstrugglingwithmyshrinkingsocialcircle.Atthatmoment,Irealizedjusthowlonelyand___21___Ihadstartedtofeel.He___22___somethingunexpected.Hehadjoinedasocialrugbyclub,and___23___thatitwasjustwhatIneeded.Seeinghisdeterminedlook,onsecondthought,I___24___togoalongforatrainingsometime.WhenIfinallygottomyfirsttrainingsession,itwasoverwhelming.Iwasmilesoutsidemy___25___zone,with100-meterdashesandpassingdrills.IfeltsowornoutthatIwasafraidIcouldn’tgoon.Theteamandcoacheswere___26___,though.Bitbybit,Ifounditeasierto___27___myanxietyandturnuptotraining.Therewassomething___28___aboutbeingaroundabunchofpeople.Evenwhenexercisingintherain,weallstillmanagedtowinandhavefun.Wefacedtoughlossesand___29___hard-foughtvictoriestogether.Icurrentlyhaveanetworkof___30___IcancallonwhenImovehouse.Packingupandfindinganewplaceusedtoputmeinavortex(旋涡)of___31___.However,Ihave15teammateshappytohelpmenow.Theydon’texpectanythinginreturn,andarethere___32___tobesupportive.IknowIcanalways___33___onthemforanything.Throughtheclub,I’vefittedintoacrewofpeoplewhosupportme,onandoffthe___34___.Ifyou’reinthesamesituationlikeme,giveitashottojoinaclub,whichwillhelpyoufacethe___35___inahealthyway.21.A.innocent B.anxious C.forgetful D.dangerous22.A.recommended B.stopped C.allowed D.admitted23.A.suspected B.regretted C.confirmed D.joked24.A.revealed B.rejected C.remembered D.resolved25.A.time B.trade C.comfort D.security26.A.patient B.popular C.disappointed D.disciplined27.A.referto B.putaside C.missout D.pickup28.A.awesome B.awkward C.unfortunate D.unwelcome29.A.assessed B.overlooked C.selected D.claimed30.A.volunteers B.friends C.stations D.branches31.A.joy B.excitement C.worry D.abuse32.A.purely B.temporarily C.unwillingly D.scarcely33.A.cheat B.count C.feed D.pass34.A.subject B.island C.board D.court35.A.unemployment B.opponent C.trouble D.punishment【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在同事的建议下加入了一个社交橄榄球俱乐部，从而获得了很多好朋友，摆脱了社交圈变小的焦虑和孤独。【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.A27.B28.A29.D30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我意识到我开始感到多么孤独和焦虑。A.innocent无辜的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.forgetful健忘的；D.dangerous危险的。根据后文“myanxiety”可知，作者感到孤独和焦虑。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他推荐了一些意想不到的东西。A.recommended推荐；B.stopped停止；C.allowed允许；D.admitted承认。根据后文“Hehadjoinedasocialrugbyclub,and_____thatitwasjustwhatIneeded.”可知，朋友向作者推荐了俱乐部。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他加入了一个社交橄榄球俱乐部，并证实这正是我所需要的。A.suspected怀疑；B.regretted后悔；C.confirmed确认；D.joked开玩笑。根据后文“thatitwasjustwhatIneeded”及“Seeinghisdeterminedlook”以及后文作者享受加入俱乐部，可知证实了这正是作者所需要的。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到他坚定的表情，我转念一想，决定找个时间去参加训练。A.revealed揭露；B.rejected拒绝；C.remembered记得；D.resolved决定。根据后文“WhenIfinallygottomyfirsttrainingsession,itwasoverwhelming.(当我终于进入第一堂训练课的时候，我感到不知所措)”可知，作者决定找个时间去参加训练。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经远离了自己的舒适区，要进行百米冲刺和传球训练。A.time时间；B.trade贸易；C.comfort安慰，舒适；D.security安全。根据上文“itwasoverwhelming”可知，加入俱乐部让作者离开了自己的舒适区（comfortzone），故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，球队和教练都很有耐心。A.patient耐心的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.disappointed失望的；D.disciplined训练有素的。根据上文“IfeltsowornoutthatIwasafraidIcouldn’tgoon.(我感到非常疲惫，我担心我不能继续下去了)”以及though表示转折，说明作者感到力不从心，不过，球队和教练都很有耐心。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，我发现把焦虑放在一边去参加训练变得更容易了。A.referto参考；B.putaside不考虑，将……放在一边；C.missout错过；D.pickup捡起来。根据后文“turnuptotraining”可知，作者开始把焦虑放在一边去参加训练。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和一群人在一起是一件很棒的事。A.awesome非常棒的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.unfortunate不幸的；D.unwelcome不受欢迎的。根据后文“Evenwhenexercisingintherain,weallstillmanagedtowinandhavefun.(即使在雨中锻炼，我们也都赢了，玩得很开心)”可知，作者觉得和一群人在一起是一件很棒的事。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们共同面对沉重的损失，也共同争取来之不易的胜利。A.assessed评估；B.overlooked忽视；C.selected选择；D.claimed赢得，获得。根据后文“hard-foughtvictories”指赢得胜利，应用动词claim。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在有一个朋友网，我搬家的时候可以打电话给他们。A.volunteers志愿者；B.friends朋友；C.stations车站；D.branches分支。根据后文“However,Ihave15teammateshappytohelpmenow.(然而，我现在有15个队友乐于帮助我)”可知，作者有了很多朋友。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：收拾行装，找个新地方过去常常让我陷入焦虑的漩涡。A.joy欢乐；B.excitement激动；C.worry担心，焦虑；D.abuse虐待。根据上文“Packingupandfindinganewplaceusedtoputmeinavortexof”以及后文however表示转折，说明收拾行装，找个新地方过去常常让作者陷入焦虑的漩涡。故选C。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们不期望任何回报，纯粹是为了支持。A.purely仅仅；B.temporarily暂时地；C.unwillingly不情愿地；D.scarcely勉强。根据上文“Theydon’texpectanythinginreturn”可知，队友不期望任何回报，纯粹是为了支持。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我在任何事情上都可以依靠他们。A.cheat欺骗；B.count依靠；C.feed喂养；D.pass通过。根据后文“onthemforanything”指依靠队友，应用counton。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过俱乐部，我融入了一群在场内外都支持我的人。A.subject主题；B.island岛屿；C.board甲板；D.court球场。根据上文“Hehadjoinedasocialrugbyclub”以及“onandoffthe”可知，此处指球场内外，应用onandoffthecourt。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你和我有同样的情况，试着加入一个俱乐部，这将帮助你以一种健康的方式面对麻烦。A.unemployment失业；B.opponent对手；C.trouble麻烦；D.punishment惩罚。根据第一句“IwaschattingwithHenry,a