Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusage学历案高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

XB4Unit2Grammar名词性从句课前预习：课本语法相关词汇课中学习：Activity1:Summarizingthemainpoints（一）定语从句的特点定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。（二）定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类：关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose）关系副词（when,where,why）引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又作定语从句中作一个成分。（三）关系代词1.that指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。ThisisthephotothatItookinthecountry.HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.2.which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.3.who指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。Thepersonwhovisitedourclassroomyesterdaywasournewheadmaster.ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.4.whom指人，在从句中作宾语。Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.5.whose指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+’s,后接一名词。Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.Idon’tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词的特殊用法（一）关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。Thisistheverybook_________I’mlookingfor.Mymotherwassoproudofall_________Idid.Thisisthemostexcitingfilm_________I’veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirst_________estotheirmindistheWestLake.4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)5.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用thatDoyourememberthebookanditsauthor_________appearedonTVlastSunday.(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。1.先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。2.先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone(everybody)。Those_________areoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.He_________doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Anyone_________wouldliketoattendthepartyshouldeontime.3.先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.(三)关系代词whose的用法：1，whose在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人，也可指物。Johnismybestfriend,_________fatherisascientist.Theoldmanlivedinthehouse_________windowwasbroken.Theboss,in_________panymyfatherworked,wasveryfriendlytotheworkers.(四)关系代词as的用法：1.引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.(四)关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。1，when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.2，where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/to/which.Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.3，why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.关系副词的特殊用法如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候,选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词+which”。1)Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentinthemountainvillage?Doyouremembertheday_________(=onwhich)wevisitedthemountainvillage?2)Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactory_________(=inwhich)heworkedlastyear.3)Wedon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thathegaveforhisinglate.Wedon’tknowthereason_________(=forwhich)hehaschangedhismind.关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity,scene,stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion,stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason这一个先行词。1)Nowyoucanseewe’veetothepoint_________achangeisbadlyneeded.2)Todaywe’lldiscusssomecases_________beginnersofEnglishfailtouseitproperly.3)Therearefewoccasions_________mystudentscan’tunderstandwhatIteachinclass.定语从句有关要注意的问题(一)关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。1.先行词只有oneof修饰时,从句谓语用复数。HeisoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohavebeentoHainan.2.oneof前有the，theonly，thevery，thefirst时，从句谓语用单数。Tomistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhoknowsthetruth.XB4Unit2Grammar答案关系代词的特殊用法（一）关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdid.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatestotheirmindistheWestLake.4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)5.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用thatDoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday.(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。1.先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。2.先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone(everybody)。Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepartyshouldeontime.3.先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.(三)关系代词whose的用法：1，whose在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人，也可指物。Johnismybestfriend,_whose_fatherisascientist.Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.Theboss,inwhosepanymyfatherworked,wasveryfriendlytotheworkers.(四)关系代词as的用法：1.引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.(四)关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。1，when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.2，where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/to/which.Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.3，why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.关系副词的特殊用法如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候,选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词+which”。1)Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentinthemountainvillage?Doyourememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)wevisitedthemountainvillage?2)Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactorywhere(=inwhich)heworkedlastyear.3)Wedon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thatheg