UNIT4TOPIC1【备课件】九年级英语系列（仁爱版）

Unit4AmazingScience仁爱版英语九年级上册Topic1.Whenwasitinvented?Warmingup—Pre-listening—While-listening—Post-listening—Exercises—SummaryisspokenbyShespeaksChinese.

isspokenbyHespeaksEnglish.EnglishEnglish.Hehim.ChineseChinese.Sheher.

被动语态(PassiveVoice)be+done主动语态：主语+动词+宾语

被动语态：主语+be+过去分词

+by+宾语Manypeopleusecomputers.Computers_____________by________________.Theworkersplanttreesinthegarden.Trees____________inthegarden____theworkers.areusedmanypeopleareplantedbyCanyoutry？Exercise1.Trees__________(water)inourschooleverythreedays.2.Thezoo___________(visit)bylotsofchildrenonweekends.3.AJourneytoWest________(show)onCCTVeverysummer.4.OnChristmasDay,childrenwakeupearlyandcan’twait______(open)theboxesofpresents.

5.We’llhaveachance_____(see)theflowershowthisweekend.toopenisshownarewateredtoseeisvisitedA:What’sthe

lock

madeof?B:It’smadeof

metal.A:What’situsedfor?B:It’susedfor

locking

thedoor.n.锁v.（用锁）锁上，被锁住2Followtheexampletomakeupsimilarconversations.lock/metalA:What’sthepaper

madefrom?B:It’s

madefrom

wood.A:What’situsedfor?B:It’susedfor

writingon.paper/woodcomputerdesk/woodchopsticks/bamboosweater/cottonwatch/metalbemadeof

由某种物质做成(看得出原材料，物理过程)bemadefrom

由某种物质制成(看不出原材料，化学过程)bemadeupof

由几部分组成bemadein

在某地/某时制造bemadeby

由某人制造bemadeinto

被制成12LanguagepointsA.What’sitmadeof?B.It’smadeofmetal.A.Doyouknowwhatitisusedfor?B.

It’susedforsendingsatellitesorspaceshipsintospace.Wow!Amodelrocket!

1aListen,lookandsay.WhyisJaneunhappy?BecauseJanewasnotallowedtoplaycomputergameslastnight.

allowv.

允许1.allowsb.todosth.

允许某人做某事2.allowdoingsth.

允许做某事3.beallowedtodosth.

被允许做某事聚焦一般过去时的被动语态结构:助动词(was/were)+及物动词的过去分词1.肯定句式：主语+was/were+v.-ed2.否定句式：主语+was/were+not+v.-ed3.一般疑问句式：Was/Were+主语+vt.-ed4.特殊疑问句式：疑问词W/H+was/were+主语+v.-edE.g.Ane-mailwassenttoherfriendbyJaneyesterday.

Ane-mailwasn’tsenttoherfriendbyJaneyesterday.

Wasane-mailsenttoherfriendbyJaneyesterday?

Whowasthee-mailsenttobyJaneyesterday?Let’ssumuptogether.1cRead1aandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.WhydidKankangaskJanenottospendtoomuchtimeoncomputergames?

It’sbadforherhealthifshespendstoomuchtimeonthem.tootiredheadachesoreeyes2.What’sarocketusedfor?

It’s

usedforsendingsatellitesorspaceshipsintospace.beusedfor被用来做beusedtodo被用来做beusedas被用作usedtodosth.过去常做beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做3.WhotaughtKangkangsomeknowledgeaboutspaceships?

Mr.Brown.4.

What’sKangkang’sdream?

Hewisheshecouldgointospace

someday.

someday某一天，总有一天(将来)e.g.IwishIcouldhavemyownhousesomeday.Ihopehisdreamwillcometrue.

cometrue变成真的,实现realize/achievemakesth.cometrue3a.Readagainandcompletethetable.

InventionItemlaptopcellphonedigitalcameraMaterialUsageYearcountryplasticplasticmetalandplasticstudy,workandplaycommunicatetakephotosaround19851973around1975JapanAmericaAmerica3bWorkinpairs.Askandanswerquestionsbasedonthetablein3awithpassivevoice.A:Whatisalaptopmadeof?B:Itismadeofplastic.

A:What’situsedfor?B:Itisusedforstudying.A:Whenandwherewasitdeveloped?B:

ItwasdevelopedinJapanin1985.Example:Focusonthemeaningincommunication.Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.

II.Fillintheblankswiththerightpreposition.1.Thedeskismade_____wood.2.Theredwineismade_____grapes.3.Thisdeliciouscakewasmade___mymother.4.Glassesaremade___glass.5.Ourgroupismadeup___fourstudents.6.Thatkindofmachineismade_____Japan.ofinReviewoffromofbyinvent/America/in1946A:Wherewerecomputersinvented?B:TheywereinventedinAmerica.A:Whenwerecomputersinvented?B:Theywereinventedin1946.Lookandtalkaboutthepicture.MP3player1998Korealistentomusicmobilephone1973AmericacommunicateeasilyPleasechooseonetotalkabout.digitalcamera1975AmericatakephotosA:What’sthis?B:It’s…A:Whenwasitinvented?B:Itwasinventedin…A:Whoinventedit?

B:…1aLook,listenandsay.Whenwasitinvented?Whoinventedit?Look,alightbulb!In1897,ThomasEdison.1aListen,lookandsay

3aA.Listentotheconversationsandnumberthefollowingpictures.2313aB.Listenagainandcompletethetable.

InventionItemlaptopcellphonedigitalcameraMaterialUsageYearcountryplasticplasticmetalandplasticstudy,workandplaycommunicatetakephotosaround19851973around1975JapanAmericaAmerica1bListento1aandchoosethecorrectanswers.

()1.WhereareMichaelandJane? A.Inthesciencemuseum.B.Attheschoollibrary.C.Inthezoo.D.Inthepark.()2.Whichobjectisnotmentionedintheconversation? A.Lightbulb.B.Airplane.C.Television.D.Radio.AC1aLook,listenandsay.1cRead1aagainandfillintheblanks.

Whenyouwanttohaveaninvention,firstyoumustuseyour________.Thenyoushouldplananddesignit.Carefulplanningisvery_________intheinvention.Third,youshouldmakea_______drawingofyourinventionandmakeamodelofit.Ifyouwanttomakeyourinventionmoresuccessful,youmust______itagainandagain.Afterthat,you_______yourinvention.Last,rememberthatyoushould_______yourinventionwithothers.imaginationimportantdetailedtestnameshare1a

Readandunderstand.1cRead1aandcompletethetable.InventionInventorYearlightbulb

GuglielmoMarconi

1903radioairplaneThomasEdisonWilburandOrvilleWright18791895A:Whatarethese?B:…A:Whenweretheyproducedfirst?B:…A:Whatweretheymadeof?B:…Doyouknow?2Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsofthegivenwords.

Thefirstjeanswereproducedin1855.Atthattime,they___________(notcall)jeansandtheywerejusthard-wearingpantsdesignedforworkers.Thepants_____________(make)ofthebrowncloth.Thiskindofcloth______usually________(use)formakingtents.Nowadays,theirmaterialshavebeenchangedsothatitfeelsmorecomfortable.Andmanydifferentjeansstyles_______also________(create).They___________(design)notonlyforworkersbutalsoforteenagersandwomen.Laterjeansarepopularallovertheworld.werenotcalledweremadewasusedarecreatedaredesignedA.KarlBenzC.AlexanderGrahamBellB.JohnBairdInventionInventorYeara.1926b.1876c.18853Listentothethreepassages.Matchthepictureswiththefollowinginformation.ExercisesidelynventedaidifferentidelynventedaididelynventedaidThelightbulbisw______usedbypeopleeverywhere.ThomasEdisoni_______thelightbulbin1879.It’ss______thatheinventedmorethantwothousandthingsduringhislife.TheairplanewasinventedbyWilburandOrvilleWrightin1903.It’sd______fromtoday’s.InventionInventorYearcarKarlBenz1885telephoneAlexanderGrahamBell1876TVJohnBaird1926ReviewA:Whenwasthecarinvented?B:Itwasinventedin1885.A:Whowasthecarinventedby?B:ItwasinventedbyKarlBenz.

Makedialogslikethis:Pairwork

Makeupdialogs

ShenzhouⅦlaunch/inChina/in2008PiratesoftheCaribbeandirect/byGoreVerbinski/in2006laptopinvent/inJapan/in1985Pairwork

Makeupdialogs

ShenzhouⅦlaunch/inChina/in2008PiratesoftheCaribbeandirect/byGoreVerbinski/in2006laptopinvent/inJapan/in1985Whatisan

invention?

inventionn.发明，创造

inventv.发明，创造

inventorn.发明者，发明家

Aninventionmaybeanewproductoranewwayofdoingthings.

Workingroupsanddiscussthequestionsbeforereading.Whatisan

invention?

inventionn.发明，创造

inventv.发明，创造

inventorn.发明者，发明家

Aninventionmaybeanewproductoranewwayofdoingthings.2.Listsomeinventionsthatyouknowandtheirinventors.computerlocktelevisionlightbulbchopstickscrayon…3.Doyouthinkyoucanbeaninventor?Why?Yes,inventingisinterestingandexcitingandeveryonecanbeaninventor.v.列清单，把…列表n.彩色铅笔（粉笔，蜡笔）等Workingroupsanddiscussthequestionsbeforereading.inventioncrayonthoughtsillybrainstormevaluateredesigndetailed愚蠢的，傻的发明，创造彩色铅笔想法，看法，主意集思广益，动脑筋重新设计估值，评价，评估详细的Matchthewordswiththeirmeanings.A.Drawyourinvention.B.Nameyourinvention.C.Testyourinvention.D.Useyourimagination.

E.Plananddesignyourinvention.

1bRead1aandputthesentencesinthecorrectplaces.

___Youcanhavewildandcrazy

thoughts.Rememberthatnoideaistoosilly.ManypeoplelaughedattheWrightbrothersandsaidtheywouldneverfly.Buttheyweren’tdiscouragedbywhatpeoplesaid.That’swhynowwehaveplanes.D想像力1bRead1aandputthesentencesinthecorrectplaces.

_______Carefulplanningisimportantintheinventionprocess.Thisisthetimetobrainstormforideasandtoevaluatethem._______Makeadetaileddrawingofyourinventionsootherswillunderstandhowyourinventionworks.Makeamodelofyourinvention._______Seeifyourinventionworksasitisplanned.Ifnot,domoreresearch,redesignit,andtestitagain._______Everyinventionneedsaname.Shareyourinventionswithothers.EACBCanyoulistit?

1.Aninvention–comeabout–solveaproblem–theresultof–crayons—noneof–bemadein–interesting,exciting–inventor–afewsimplesteps2.Useyourimagination–thought–silly–laughat–bediscouraged3.Plananddesignyourinvention–beimportantto–brainstorm–evaluate4.Drawyourinvention—makeadetaileddrawing5.Makeamodel6.Testyourinvention--domoreresearch7.Nameyourinvention8.Share…with

Retellit

2Discusswithyourpartnerwhichofthefollowingsarethetop3mostimportantinventionsandwhichistheleastimportantinvention.Thenexplainyourchoicetotheclass.

Example:Ithinkzeroisthemostimportantinvention.ItissaidthatitwasinventedbyanIndian.Itisaveryinterestingnumber.Forexample,Ihaveonlytenyuan.Ifyouaddfivezerosafteritforme,haha,Iwillbearichman.

3Doyouknowhowtobeaninventor?Doyouwanttoinventsomething?Writeapassageaboutyourinvention.Thefollowingquestionsmayhelpyou.

1.Howdoyoucometotheideaofyourinvention?2.Whatdoesitlooklike?3.Whatisitmadeof/from?4.What’situsedfor?5.Whatareyougoingtonameit?Beforewriting,thinkmoreclearlyandtellaboutthelooks,uses,advantagesanddisadvantagesofanobject.

Myinventionisarobot.Itiscalled“Superman”.Thereisacomputerinsideitsbody.Itlookslikeatiger.Whenyouseeitforthefirsttime,youmaybefrightened.Infact,itisgentleandpolite.Itcanhelpusdohousework,suchascleaningaroom,washingdishes,andmakingthebed.Whentheroomisdirty,itwillbegintoworkatonce.Itcanalsowatchoverahouseinsteadofhumans.Itiscareful,cleverandhard-working.Inshort,thisrobotisveryusefultous,thoughitcan’trunorspeak.Youcanwriteitlikethis:i________n.thecreationofsomethinginthemind;theactofinventingc________n.arod(棒）ofcoloredwax（蜡）usedfordrawingt________n.anideathatyouhaveinyourminds________adj.foolishb________n.smallthininflatable(可充气的）rubberbagwithnarrowneckg________n.aweapon（武器）fromwhichbullets（子弹）orotherthingsarefiredr________n.amachinethatcanmoveautomatically（自动地）k________n.thesetofkeysthatyoupressinordertooperateitCompletethefollowingwordsaccordingtotheirfirstlettersandmeanings.nventionrayonhoughtillyalloonunoboteyboard1.Peopleusedthelightbulbswidelyinthepast.(改为被动语态）Thelightbulbs___________________bypeopleinthepast.2.Wecanlaunchspaceshipstoexploreotherplanets.(改为被动语态）Spaceships___________________toexploreotherplanets.3.GoreVerbiniskidirectedthemoviePiratesoftheCaribean

inAmerica.(对划线部分提问）_____________GoreVerbiniski________themoviePiratesoftheCaribbean?4.TheMP3playerwasdevelopedaround1998.(对划线部分提问)________________theMP3player_______________?ExerciseswerewidelyusedcanbelaunchedWherediddirectWhenwasdevelopedWhat’situsedfor?It’susedforlisteningtomusic.What’sitmadeof?It’smadeofplastic.Wherewasitinvented?ItwasinventedinKorea.Whenwasitinvented?Itwasinventedin1998.What’situsedfor?It’susedforcommunicatingeasily.What’sitmadeof?It’smadeofplasticandmetal.Wherewasitinvented?ItwasinventedinAmerica.Whenwasitinvented?Itwasinventedin1973.1.Howdidtheearlyexplorersknowwheretheywere?Theyfoundoutwheretheywerebyusingstars.2.What’sthedisadvantageofusingthestarsasguidingmarks?Itsdisadvantageisthatitdidn’tworkwellwhentheweatherwasbadandthestarscouldnotbeseen.

3.WhatisaGPS?Isitusefultouse?Itislikeaman-madestar.Wecanuseitatanytime,inanyplaceandinanyweathertofindoutourposition.Itisveryuseful.4.WhatdoyouthinktheGPSwillbeusedforinthefuture?…ReadthepassageanddiscussthequestionsonPage88.Keywordsexploreexplorer,mark

findout,in…directionworkwell,aslongastherestofthetimesolve,like,use,theshapeofgreatinventionn.标示，记号，符号v.做记号，做标记Retellit!根据首字母提示，完成短文。

ThankstoGPS,wecanexactlyknoww_____wearenow.GPSislikeaman-made“star”.Itcanbeu____inanyplaceandanyweatherconditiontofindoutourp________.Inthepast,theearlyexplorershadtousestarsinthes____totellthemwheretheywere,however,thismethoddidn’tworkwellwhentheweatherwasbad.SoGPSisagreatinventionthatcanhelphumanstobettere________ourplanets.hereositionsedkyxploreExerciseGrammar

PassiveVoice(Ⅱ)TheradiowasinventedbyGuglielmoMarconiin1895.Whenwasthedigitalcameradeveloped?Wherewasitdeveloped?Whatisarocketusedfor?Itwasdevelopedinthe1970s.ItwasdevelopedinJapan.Itisusedforsendingsatellitesorspaceshipsintospace.Functions

IwishIcouldgointospacesomeday.Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.It’ssaidthatheinventedmorethantwothousandthingsduringhislife.Inventingisinterestingandexcitingandeveryonecanbeaninventor.1.Youarelate,allthetickets__________(sell)outanhourago.2.Thistypeofcellphone____________(make)inShenzhen.3.I_________________(notinvite)toyesterday’sparty.4.________thosemachines__________(check)thismorning?5.Manytreesandflowers______________(plant)inourschoollastyear,andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.

weresoldweremadewere/was

+

v.的过去分词Exerciseswasn’tinvitedWerecheckedwereplanted1.PeopleuseradiostolearnEnglishinthepast._____________________________________________2.Jackwillshowmethephoto.______________________________________________3.TheyhaveraisedmuchmoneyfortheProjectHope.______________________________________________4.IoftenhearMarysingEnglishsongsathome._______________________________________________5.Wemustn’tthrowlitterabout.________________________________________________6.PeoplecanvisitplanetslikeMars._________________________________________________RadioswereusedtolearnEnglishinthepast.Thephotowillbeshowntome.MuchmoneyhasbeenraisedfortheProjectHope.MaryisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongsathome.Littermustn’tbethrownabout.PlanetslikeMarscanbevisited.ChangethefollowingsentencesintoPassiveVoice.()1.Hurryup,you____onthephone.A.Wanted B.waswantedC.arewanted(

)2.Somestories_____thechildrenbytheteachereveryday.A.istoldfor B.aretoldforC.aretoldto()3._____thathehasstudiedabroadforfiveyears.A.Itissaid B.Itsays C.Thatissaid()4.Thewindow____fiveminutesago.A.iscleaned B.wascleanedC.canbecleaned()5.Thechildren______bytheteachersatschool.A.takecareofB.aretakencare

C.aretakencareof

CCABCChoosethebestanswer.Project(1)ThisisKangkang’sinvention.Lookattheinformationandthepicture.Whatdoyouthinkofit?Discusswithyourpartners.Name:Plar(plan-car)Inventor:KangkangYear:2014Use:Bothflyinganddriving2.Designyourowninvention.Drawapictureofitandwritedowntheinformationaboutit.

Name:____________Inventor:___________Year:_____________Use:______________

Project（2）DescribingYourInvention3.Showthepictureofyourinventionanddescribeittotheclass.

4.Discussingroupstodecidewhichisthemostuseful/interesting/funnyinvention.

一般过去时态的被动语态【要点1】

一般过去时态的被动语态的构成:was/were+动词过去分词。如:ThelightbulbwasinventedbyThomasEdisonin1879.ThenewcarsweremadeinShanghaiin2008.【要点2】

通常只有及物动词才有被动语态,但有些动词短语在用法上相当于及物动词,所以也有被动语态。如:Theoldmanwaslookedafterwell.Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.语法学一学1.BecauseIwasnotallowedtoplaycomputergameslastnight.be(not)allowedtodosth.(不)被允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowdoingsth.允许做某事难点攻一攻2.It’sbadforyourhealthifyouspendtoomuchtimeonthem.bebadforIt's+adj+（for/ofsb）+todosth.做某事对于某人来说是...3.KangkangshowsamodeltoJane.(1)showsb.sth=showsth.tosb.给某人展示某物showsb.around带某人参观onshow展出、上演(2)KangkangshowsamodeltoJane.=KangkangshowsJaneamodel.转为被动语态：JaneisshowedamodelbyKangkang.带双宾语句子的被动语态。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加for或to,有buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,

show,

teach,

tell等词。Eg:1.Hegaveme(间接宾语)abook(直接宾语).——I(间宾)wasgivenabookbyhim.——Abook(直宾)wasgiventomebyTom.2.Iboughthimabook.——Hewasboughtabookbyme.——Abookwasboughtforhimbyme.4.Itwasmadebyme.What’sitmadeof?What’sthepapermadefrom?bemadeof“由…做成”，of看得出原材料bemadefrom“由…做成”，from看不出原材料bemadeby“被谁制作的”bemadein“在哪里制作的”bemadeupof“由…组成”5.It’susedfor

sendingsatellitesorspaceshipsintospace.(1)beusedfor(doing)sth./todosth“被用来做”beusedas“被用做”beusedby“被谁所用”usedtodosth.“过去常常做某事”be/getusedtodoingsth.“习惯于做某事”(2)sendinto“把…送入”sendup“发射,长出”sendfor“派人去请(拿)”6.Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.cometrue实现，主语为sth.，而realize和achieve主语为人。makeone’sdreamrealized/real实现某人的梦想realize/achieveone’sdream.实现某人的梦想7.It’ssaidthatheinventedmorethantwothousandthingsduringhislife.(1)It’ssaidthat:据说Itsaysthat:写着；说到...(2)duringone’slife=inone’slife在某人的一生8.Look!Anairplane,butit’sdifferentfromtoday’s.(1)AbedifferentfromB AbedifferentfromBinsth. TherearesomedifferencesbetweenAandB(2)AbethesameasB AbesimilartoB9.Atthattime,theydidn’tcalljeansandtheywerejusthard-wearingpantsdesignedforworkers.(1)atthattime在那时用过去时态(2)designfor...为设计10.Aninventionmaybeanewproductoranewwayofdoingthings.maybe可能是mustbe一定是canbe很可能是11.Inventionscomeaboutinmanyways.comeabout通常与“how”同时出现,常用于疑问句、否定句。

发生happen（无被动）takeplace12.Thereareafewsimplestepstofollowintheinventionprocess.followsteps遵循步骤rules遵守规则13.Butitdidn’tworksowellduringtherestofthetime.workwell有效，工作得好，运行得好locksillygunrobotmarkkeyboardinventioncrayonthoughtballoon单词记一记火箭卫星数字(的),数码(的)飞机灯泡评价详细的想象(力)系统,体制人造的金属太空飞船允许某人做某事由...制成某一天与...不同全世界嘲笑与某人分享某物实现把...送入被用来做...allowsb.todosth.bemadeof/fromsomedaybedifferentfromallovertheworldlaughatsharesth.withsb.cometruesend...intobeusedfordoingsth/todosth词组译一译I1.这MP5是我哥哥昨天买的。TheMP5

bymybrotheryesterday.2.这些画是上周画的。

Thepictures_____________lastweek.3.这机器人是用来扫地的。

Themachine____________________cleaningthefloor.4.据说这个机器人是一个中国人发明的.

_____________thatthenewrobot

byaChinese.5.我们不被允许花太多的时间在电脑游戏上。

We____________to_____toomuchtime_____computergames.wasboughtweredrawnisusedforIt'ssaidwasinventedaren'tallowedspendon句子翻一翻三、句子

1.它是由什么制成的？2.它是由金属\木头\棉花\皮革\塑料\丝绸制成的。3.火箭被用来做什么。4.它被用来发送卫星或宇宙飞船进入太空。5.它什么时候，在哪儿被发明的。6.它是1985年在日本被发明的。7.我希望有一天我能够进入太空。8.我希望你的梦想将能够实现。Whatisitmadeof\from?It'smadeof\frommetal\wood\cotton\leather\plastic\silk.Whatisarocketusedfor?It'susedforsendingsatellitesorspaceshipsintospace.Whenandwherewasitinvented?ItwasinventedinJapanin1985.IwishIcouldgointospacesomeday.Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.1（2020年福建）Onvideo,DoctorZhongNanshan________teenagerstostudyhardinthefirstlessonofthisterm.A.allowed B.trained C.encouraged【答案】C【解析】句意：在视频上，钟南山医生在这学期的第一课上鼓励青少年们努力学习。allowed允许；trained训练；encouraged鼓励。根据句意理解及空格后tostudyhard可知，空格表达的是“鼓励”，故选C。考查动词辨析。真题练一练2（2020北京）.Thekite________inChinamorethan2000yearsago.A.invents B.invented C.isinvented D.wasinvented【答案】D【解析】句意：风筝是中国在2000多年前发明的。invent发明。invents动词的第三人称单数形式；invented动词的过去式；isinvented一般现在时的被动语态；wasinvented一般过去时的被动语态。题中主语“Thekite”与动词invent之间是动宾关系，此处用被动语态；结合题干中时间状语“2000yearsago”可知要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/weredone。故选D。考查一般过去时的被动语态。3（2020哈尔滨市）—Whatlanguage________inCanada?—BothEnglishandFrench.A.isspoken B.speaks C.isspeaking【答案】A【解析】句意：——加拿大说什么语言？——英语和法语。A：一般现在时的被动语态；B：一般现在时的动词三单；C：现在进行时。分析语意可知，此处陈述事实，时态是一般现在时，又因为主语language是动作speak的承受者，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。考查一般现在时的被动语态。4（2020南京市）.NowwastefromdailylifeinthecityofShanghai________tobeseparatedintofourdifferentgroups.A.isrequiring B.isrequired C.wasrequired D.required【答案】B【解析】句意：现在，上海市日常生活垃圾被要求分为四类。isrequiring要求，现在进行时；isrequired被要求，一般现在时的被动语态；wasrequired被要求，一般过去时的被动语态；required要求，一般过去时；根据句意理解可知，句子主语waste与谓语动词require之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；句中的时间是now，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。考查被动语态。5（2020辽宁丹东）.Basketball________in1891.Thenin1936inBerlin,itbecameaneventattheOlympics.A.plays B.isplayed C.wasplayed D.played【答案】C【解析】句意：篮球运动于1891年开始。然后在1936年的柏林，它成为了奥运会的一个项目。plays玩，动词三单；isplayed被玩，一般现在时的被动结构；wasplayed被玩，一般过去时的被动结构；played玩，过去式；根据句意理解可知，句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动结构，所以排除A/D选项，再由句中的时间in1891可知，这里应该用过去时的被动，结构是“was/were+过去分词”；故选C。考查被动语态。6（2020天津）.AnotherbridgeovertheJialingRiver________lastyear.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.wasbuilt【答案】D【解析】句意：去年在嘉陵江上又建了一座桥。builds动词第三人称单数形式，修建；built是build的过去式或过去分词形式；isbuilt是一般现在时的被动语态；wasbuilt是一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语Anotherbridge与动词构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A和B；再由句中的时间lastyear可知，应用一般过去时。故选D。考查动词的时态和被动语态。7（2019广东）.Youngpeopleareencouragedtoworkhard____theirowndreams.A.achieve B.achieves C.toachieve D.achieved【答案】C【解析】句意：年轻人被鼓励努力工作来实现他们的梦想。achieve实现（原形）；achieves实现（第三人称单数形式）；toachieve实现（不定式结构）；achieved实现（过去式）；题干的句子是简单句，分析句子成分，空格处应用非谓语动词。排除A、B、D。“年轻人努力工作”的目的是为了实现梦想，非谓语动词中，不定式做目的状语；故选C。8（2019上海.）Accordingtotherule，usedbatteries

bedroppedintheredbinforharmfulwastes.A.must B.need C.can D.may【答案】A【解析】句意：根据规定，废旧电池必须投到红色垃圾箱中，以防产生有害废物。A.must必须；B.need需要；C.can能，会；D.may可以。根据下文intheredbinforharmfulwastes.可知这里是说必须被丢到红色垃圾箱。根据题意，故选A。9（2019天津）TheHongKong﹣Zhuhai﹣MacaoBridge

in2018．Weareproudofit．（）A．iscompleted B．iscompleting C．wascompleted D．completes【答案】D．【解析】港珠澳大桥于2018年完工．我们为它感到骄傲．本题考查动词时态及语态．根据时间状语in2018可知，应该使用一般过去时，且港珠澳大桥和complete为被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态．一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词．本题的主语是theHongKong﹣Zhuhai﹣MacaoBridge，第三人称单数，用was．故选：C．10（2019北京）.Myadviceonhowtosavepaper

bymyclasslastMonday.A.accepts B.accepted C.wasaccepted D.isaccepted【答案】C【解析】句意：我的关于怎样节省纸的建议上周一被我的班级接受了。accepts接受，第三人称单数形式；accepted过去式；wasaccepted一般过去时的被动语态；isaccepted一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语Myadvice与动词accept构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故先排除A和B；根据句中的时间状语lastMonday可知，应用一般过去时，故选C。11（2019黄冈）.—Oh,yourroomistoodirty,Mike!—Sorry,Mum.It____yesterday.Iforgottodoit.A.didn’tclean B.isn’tcleaned C.wascleaned D.wasn’tcleaned【答案】D【解析】句意：——哦，你的房间太脏了，迈克！——对不起，妈妈。昨天没有打扫。我忘了做。A为一般过去时，主动语态；B为一般现在时的被动句；C为一般过去时的被动句；D为一般过去时的被动句。根据yesterday.可知，本题的时态为一般过去时，因此排除B；再根据Iforgottodoit.我忘了做。说明没有打扫房间，因此排除C；句中的主语It是代指上文的yourroom，yourroom做主语，应该用被动语态，选项A为主动语态，排除，故选D。12（2019武汉）.Hewrotehisphonenumber_______apieceofpaper.A.on B.for C.in D.from【答案】A【解析】

句意：他把电话号码写在一张纸上。考查介词辨析。A.on在…上；B.for为了，给；C.in在…里；D.from从，来自。“在一张纸上”使用介词on，onapieceofpaper；结合句意可知填on；选A。13（2019咸宁）.—Theyear2019marksthe70thanniversary(周年)ofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.—Asweknow,____.Wehavemadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.A.manyhandsmakelightwork B.moneyisn’teverythingC.wellbegunishalfdone D.somethingisbetterthannothing【答案】A【解析】句意：——2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。——正如我们所知，众人拾柴火焰高嘛。我们在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。A.manyhandsmakelightwork众人拾柴火焰高；B.moneyisn’teverything钱不是万能的；C.wellbegunishalfdone良好的开端是成功的一半；D.somethingisbetterthannothing聊胜于无。根据Wehavemadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.我