中考英语复习阅读理解之获取主旨大意课件

王向东阅读理解之

获取主旨大意主旨大意题的常见设问方式“审”—先审问题和选项，做到心中有数。“定”—速读首尾，定位信息，明确主题。“概”—精准概括，不大不小，不偏不倚。主旨大意题的选项特点正确选项特点：概括全文或段落主要内容，内容全面，含义深刻。四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项。通常不含细节信息和表示绝对含义的词。干扰选项特点：以偏概全：概括内容过于狭窄，只阐述文章局部内容或文章主题的一个侧面。断章取义：以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或以次要事实或细节冒充全文主要观点。主题扩大：即归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论范围。似是而非：关键词好像在文章中某个地方提到，但认真分析后发现与文章内容毫无关系。张冠李戴：命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。先找主题句，常在首尾段、段落首尾句出现。若无主题句，分析语篇、段落结构，总结中心思想。若无主题句，利用高频词、信息词进行逻辑梳理，总结大意。北京中考主旨大意题类型分布年份文章体裁难度Paragraph段落Passage全文2016C篇说明文★★★2017阅读答问★★★★2018C篇说明文★★★2019阅读答问★★★2021C篇说明文★★★2021D篇议论文★★★★__28___

Anyopportunitytoexposechildrentomorevegetablesismeaningful.“Ifchildrenarelearningaboutvegetablesatschool,it’simportanttoencouragethisinterest,”saysJones.Parentscanlistentotheirchildrenaboutwhattheyhavelearnedandreadthehandoutstheybringhomefromschool.Parentsandchildrencanalsoreadbookstogether.Youngerchildrencanenjoyreadingstoriesaboutvegetableswithparentswhoofferusefulmessages.Olderchildrenmayenjoysearchingthroughcookbookswithparentstofindnewdinnerideastocookvegetablesinatastyway.Besides,asmallplanterboxinasunnypartathomecanencouragechildrentounderstandmoreaboutwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.28.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestheadingforParagaph4?A.IdeastoEncourageChildrentoCookatHomeB.WaystoExposeChildrentoVegetablesatHomeC.ReasonsWhyParentsShouldUnderstandChildrenD.SuggestionsWhichChildrenCouldGetfromParents2021年中考C篇断章取义断章取义以偏概全Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.50.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.

B.Encouragementtoleft-handers.

C.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.

D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.并未提及张冠李戴断章取义2016年中考C篇Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接触)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildren’saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers.27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout

.howthestudywasperformed whatwasrecordedinthestudyhowlongthestudylasted whotookpartinthestudy②2018年中考C篇以偏概全无中生有断章取义Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗争)againsthumannature.Wearebornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt(适应),progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.30.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Culturebelongstohumannature.B.Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.C.Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.D.Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.2021年中考D篇②似是而非张冠李戴张冠李戴64．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout？④2017年中考阅读答问Manysurnameswerebasedonfather﹣sonrelations．The“sonof”partwasaddedtothefather‘sfirstname，likeJohnson，meaningJohn’sson．Sometimesitwasshortenedtojust“s”，asinJonesorEvans.SurnameslikeHilldescribedtheplacewhereapersonlived．Theyarethemostcommontypeofsurname．A

thirdkindofsurnamewasbasedonaperson‘sjob．Foresterwassomeonewholookedaftertheforest．Inthe

MiddleAges，occupationnamessuchasBaker，Carpenter，andMillerbecamecommon．Thefourthkindof

surnamewasnickname（绰号）．AmanwhosesurnamewasBearmightbeasfierceasabear．Thespeedandforceofthehugewavestheremakesitimpossibletoknowinadvancewhentheyarecoming.Thatcouldbedangerousfornavigatorsandlocalcom