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Unit4NaturalDisastersClass________Group_________Name___________Scores_________Ⅰ使用括号内单词正确的形式填空(每题1分,20分)1.Thisisoneoftheworstnatural_____________(灾难)thathitthearea.2.Achild’sbehaviorcan__________________(影响)byanunhappyhomeenvironment.3.Firemenwerecalledout_____________(营救)amantrappedinthebuilding.4.Thepeopleintheearthquakestrickenareaareinneedoffood,medicineand___________(避难处).5.Withmoreforests___________________(摧毁),hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.6.Theaccidentcaused3___________(死亡)and20gotinjured7.Latestreportssaythatmudslides_____________(埋)entirevillagelateryesterdayafternoon.8.Finallyhis_____________(努力)paidoff.9.Hegaveanexampleofbraveryand_____________(智慧).10.He_________________(提供)mewiththenecessaryinformationsofar.11.Theunderseaquake______________(侵袭)around7:00a.m.,lastSundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia’sSumatraIsland.12.Iamhavingsomeflowers______________(递送)forherbirthday.13.Heavyfloods______________(横扫)awayhouses,roads,andtookawaythelivesofmany.14.Hewassodrunkthathehadlostthe_____________(力量)ofspeech.15.Theyescapedthroughan______________(紧急)exitandcalledthepolice.16.Trytokeep____________(镇静的)andjusttellmewhathappened.17.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanic____________(爆发).18.Iwouldlike______________(呼吸)thefreshairintheopenair.19.After______________(幸存)theearthquake,theycherishthelifenow.20.Yourbadhabitscanhavean_____________(影响)onyourlifeallthetime.Ⅱ完形填空(每题1分,共15分)(2021·江苏·高一期中)AliaBakerisalibrarianinIraq.Herlibraryusedtobea
____1____
placeforallwholovedbooksandlikedtoshareknowledge.Theydiscussedvariousmattersallovertheworld.Whenthewarwasnear,Aliawasworriedthatthefiresofwarwoulddestroythebooks,whicharemore
____2____
toherthanmountainsofgold.Thebooksareineverylanguage—newbooks,ancientbooks,
____3____
abookonthehistoryofIraqthatissevenhundredyearsold.Shehadaskedthegovernmentfor
____4____
tomovethebookstoasafeplace,buttheyrefused.SoAliatookmattersintoherownhands.
____5____,shebroughtbookshomeeverynight,
____6____
hercarlateafterwork.Herfriendscameto
____7____
herwhenthewarbrokeout.Aniswhoownedarestaurantagreedtohidesomebooks.Allthroughthe
____8____,Alia,Anis,hisbrothersandneighborstookthebooksfromthelibrary,
____9____
themovertheseven-footwalland
____10____
themintherestaurant.Thebooksstayedhiddenasthewar
____11____.Thenninedayslater,afireburnedthe
____12____
totheground.Oneday,thebombingstoppedandthesoldiersleft.Butthewarwasnotoveryet.Aliaknewthatifthebooksweretobesafe,theymustbe
____13____
againwhilethecitywas
____14____.Soshehiredatrucktobringallthebookstothehousesoffriendsinthesuburbs(郊区).NowAliawaitedforthewartoendand
____15____
peaceandanewlibrary.1.A.meeting
B.working
C.personal
D.religious2.A.practical
B.precious
C.reliable
D.expensive3.A.then
B.still
C.even
D.rather4.A.agreement
B.confirmation
C.explanation
D.information5.A.Fortunately
B.Surprisingly
C.Seriously
D.Secretly6.A.starting
B.parking
C.filling
D.testing7.A.stop
B.help
C.warn
D.rescue8.A.war
B.way
C.building
D.night9.A.put
B.opened
C.passed
D.threw10.A.hid
B.exchanged
C.burnt
D.distributed11.A.approached
B.erupted
C.continued
D.ended12.A.restaurant
B.library
C.city
D.wall13.A.sold
B.read
C.saved
D.moved14.A.occupied
B.bombed
C.quiet
D.busy15.A.dreamedof
B.believedin
C.caredabout
D.lookedforⅢ阅读理解(每题2分,共20分)AHavinglivedinCaliforniauntil1970,myfamilyhasfeltanumberofearthquakes.Wehavebeenfortunate,however,tohavesufferednobodilyharmorpropertydamage.ThereisawebsitethatlistsallCaliforniaearthquakesrecordedfrom1769tothepresent.Thesitelists,thedatesandtimesaswellasthemagnitude(震级)andtheexactlocationofanyquakethatmeasuredmorethan6.0.Thereareonlyafewquakesthatstandoutinmymemoryand,luckily,noneisshowninthewebsite.So,mypersonalexperiencewithearthquakesmightbeconsideredinsignificant.Therearethreeearthquakesthataredifficulttoforget.Thefirstonewasin1955andouroldestdaughterwaswalkingwithmeinourbackyardinRedwoodCityinCalifornia.AstheshakingbecamestrongerIheldhertomewithonearmasIheldontooneofourfruittreeswiththeother.Allthreeofus(mydaughter,Iandthetree)shookfortwoorthreeminutesthattousfeltlikehours.Thesecondonewasin1963.OurentirefamilywasvisitingDisneylandinSouthernCalifornia.Theearthstartedtoshakejustaswewerebeginningtowalkfromourhoteltowardthefamouslandmark.MythirdexperiencewithanearthquakewasalonelyoneinCalifornia.ItwasinmysixtiesandIwasaloneinanoldchurch.Asthebuildingstartedtoshake,Iquicklyheadedforthedoortogooutside.IrememberIsaidalittleprayer—somethinglike,“Helpmegetoutofhereintime,DearHeavenlyFather”.Minuteslater,Iwassafeoutside.1.Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlytotellusabout________.A.anewfilmaboutanearthquakeB.howtosurviveanearthquakeC.histhreeearthquakeexperiencesD.howtosavechildreninanearthquake2.Theearthquakestheauthorhasexperienced________.A.allcausedbodilyharmB.areallrecordedinawebsiteC.allmeasuredmorethan6.0D.allhappenedinCalifornia3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thefamouslandmark”referto?A.Achurch.B.Disneyland.C.Abuildingdestroyedbyanearthquake.D.Theplacewheretheauthorwasborn.BLivingthroughanaturaldisasterisatraumatic(痛苦的)experienceforeveryone,especiallyforchildren.AnewstudybypsychologistAnnetteLaGrecaandherco-workers,indicatesthatsomechildrenwhodirectlyexperienceadamaginghurricanestillshowsignsofpost-traumaticstress(PTS)almosttwoyearsaftertheevent.Thefindingssuggestthatnewmodelsforintervention(干预)tohelpchildrenafteranaturaldisasterareneeded.Previousresearchmainlyhasfocusedonchildrenduringthefewmonthsafteramajorhurricane,ortwoyearsormoreaftertheevent.Mostoftheexistingpost-hurricaneinterventionsaredesignedforchildrenexperiencingPTStwoyearsormoreaftertheevent.Thenewstudy“picksupwhereothersleftoff”,assessingchildrenduringthein-betweenperiod,atninemonths(TimeOne)andthenat21monthsafterahurricane(TimeTwo),explainsLaGreca.“Therehavebeennotestedinterventionsdevelopedforchildrenwhostillshowsignificantsymptoms(症状)ofPTSalmostayearafteradamaginghurricane,”saysLaGreca.“Whatthisstudyshowsisthattheremaybeaneedtotestinterventionprogramstobeusedfromseveralmonthstotwoyearspost-disaster,tokeepkidsfromdevelopingendlessstress.Thesymptomsthechildrenexperiencerangefromcontinuallyappearingdreamsaboutthehurricane,tobeinganxious,moreunfocused,feelinglikenobodyunderstandsthem,moredifficultysleeping,andfeelingmoresadorfearfulthanbeforethedisaster.Inadditiontoexperiencesdirectlyrelatedtothehurricane,othereventsinthelifeofachildduringtherecoveryperiod,suchasparentsseparationoranillnessinthefamily,have“acascadingeffect”thataddsthechild’sdifficulties.Interestingly,socialsupportfrompeerswasfoundtobeveryimportantinhelpingtoprotectthechildfromthepsychologicalimpactofthehurricane.“Forchildrenthathaveexperiencedadamaginghurricane,reconnectingwithfriendsprovidesabuffer(缓冲)tothenegativeexperiences,helpingkidshavegreaterresilienceandadaptbettertolifeafterthedisaster,”saysLaGreca.4.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Focusonwhatotherstudiesachieved.B.Continuetoresearchwhereotherstudiesstop.C.Researchwhereotherstudiesfailed.D.Takewhatothersleftinanyplace.5.Greca’sstudytriedtofindinterventionsforchildren___.A.afewmonthsafteramajorhurricaneB.twoyearsafteranaturaldisasterC.fromseveralmonthstotwoyearsafteradisasterD.ninemonthsbeforeanaturaldisaster6.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“acascadingeffect”inParagraph4referto?A.Aseriesofinfluences.B.Aprocessofreactions.C.Anumberofcauses.D.Amassofreasons.CEarthquakesusuallyhappenontheedgesoflargesectionsoftheEarth’splates.Theseplatesslowlymoveoveralongperiodoftime.Sometimestheedges,whicharecalledfaultlines,cangetstuck,buttheplateskeepmoving.Pressureslowlystartstobuildupwheretheedgesarestuckand,oncethepressuregetsstrongenough,theplatessuddenlymovecausinganearthquake.Generallybeforeandafteralargeearthquaketherewillbesmallerearthquakes.Theonesthathappenbeforearecalledforeshocks.Theonesthathappenafterarecalledaftershocks.Scientistsdon’treallyknowifanearthquakeisaforeshockuntilthebiggerearthquakeoccurs.Shockwavesfromanearthquakethattravelthroughthegroundarecalledseismicwaves(地震波).Theyaremostpowerfulatthecenteroftheearthquake,buttheytravelthroughmuchoftheearthandbacktothesurface.Theymovequicklyat20timesthespeedofsound.Scientistsuseseismicwavestomeasurehowbiganearthquakeis.Theyuseadevicecalledaseismograph(地震仪)tomeasurethesizeofthewaves.Thesizeofthewavesiscalledthemagnitude.TotellthestrengthofanearthquakescientistsuseascalecalledthemomentmagnitudescaleorMMS(itusedtobecalledtheRichterscale).ThelargerthenumberontheMMSscale,thelargertheearthquake.Youusuallywon’tevennoticeanearthquakeunlessitmeasuresatleasta3ontheMMSscale.Herearesomeexamplesofwhatmayhappendependingonthescale:4.0--Couldshakeyourhouseasifalargetruckwerepassingcloseby.Somepeoplemaynotnotice.5.0--Ifyouareinacar,itmayshake.Glassesanddishesmayrattle.Windowsmaybreak.6.0--Itemswillfalloffshelves.Wallsinsomehousesmaycrackandwindowsmaybreak.Prettymucheveryonenearthecenterwillfeelthisone.7.0--Weakerbuildingswillcollapseandcrackswilloccurinbridgesandonthestreet.8.0--Manybuildingsandbridgesfalldown.Largecracksintheearth.9.0andup--Wholecitiesflattenedandlarge-scaledamage.7.Ifa5.0-magnitudeearthquakehityourarea,whatmighthappen?A.Yourhousemightshakeviolently.B.Peoplemightfeelnoshakingatall.C.Thefamilyphotomayfalloffthewall.D.Theremightbecrackseverywhereonthestreet.8.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2?A.It’sstillhardtotellforeshocksfrommainearthquakes.B.Scientistscan’texactlymeasurethestrengthofanearthquake.C.Peoplemayignoreforeshockswhenanearthquakeisnotsostrong.D.Theearthquakewon’tcauseanydamageunlessitreaches9.0MMS.9.Howdoesthewriterexplaintheconceptsconcerningtheearthquake?A.Bylistingexamples.B.Bygivingexplanations.C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Byofferingdata.10.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toenrichpeople’sknowledgeofself-rescueindisasters.B.Tostresstheimportanceofearthquakerescue.C.Toissueearlywarningsbeforeanearthquake.D.Topresentfactsabouttheearthquake.Ⅳ七选五(每题2分,共10分)ThefiresinmanypartsofBrazil’sAmazonareahavebroughtaninternationaloutcrytosavetheworld’slargestrainforest.1ActorLeonardoDiCaprioalsooffered$5millionforeffortstosavetheforest.TheWorldWildlifeFoundation(WWF)saystheworld'slargestrainforestcontainsmillionsofspeciesofplantsandanimals.2Amongthebestknownanimalsarejaguars,eagles,pinkriverdolphins,parrots,largesnakesandmanybutterflies.TheWWFsaystheforestscontainover40,000kindsofplantsandthe6,500kilometersofriverscontain3,000kindsoffreshwaterfish.Morethan30millionpeopleliveintheAmazonareaanddependontheforestsforfoodandshelter.Therainforestisoftencalledthe"lungsoftheplanet".3CarlosNobreisaUniversityofSaoPauloclimatescientist.HesaidabetterwaytothinkabouttheAmazon'sroleisasasink,takingCO2fromtheatmosphere.Currently,theworldisreleasingaround36billionmetrictonsofCO2intotheatmosphereeveryyear.AndtheAmazonabsorbsaboutfivepercentoftheCO2makingitimportantinpreventingclimatechange.4Theyaremostlysetillegallybypeoplewhoareclearingtheforesttoraisecattleandcrops.Peopleclearthelandbycuttingdownthetreesduringtherainyseason.5Fullyclearingthethickforestforagriculturalusecantakeseveralyearsofcuttingandburning.A.Manyofthemarestillunknown.B.Thefireledtointernationalconcern.C.ThecurrentfiresintheAmazonarenotwildfires.D.TheAmazonrainforestisimportanttorainfallinthearea.E.Thentheyletthetreesdryoutandburnthemduringthedryseason.F.Butthatmightnotbethebestwaytodescribethearea'simportance.G.WealthynationshaveofferedBrazilatleast$22milliontofightthefires.Ⅴ语法填空(每题1分,共10分)Severaldaysbefore28July1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell.Deepcracksappearedinthewellwalls,andeven1.__________(smell)gaswascomingoutofonewell.Someanimalsalsohadsomeunusualbehavior.Butpeopleinthecity,2._________wereasleepasusualthatnight,didn'tthinkmuchofthese.At3:42a.m.,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturybrokeout.ItdestroyedthecityandevencauseddamageinBeijing.Inlessthanoneminute,Tangshan3._________(lie)inruins.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor4._____________(terrible)injuredinthequake5.___________(be)morethan400,000.Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakestruckTangshanagain.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard6.___________(get).Butallthehopewasn'tlost.Soonafterthequakes,teamswereorganizedtodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Manymorepeople,7.____________(include)workersanddoctors,cametoprovidehelp.Throughallthe8.___________(effort),thecitybegantobreatheagain.Today,9.__________newTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins,whichhasproved10._________theentireworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.Ⅵ读后续写(25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两端,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Iwalkedintoarestaurantandsatdownatatable.Ipickedupamenu,tryingtodecidewhattoeat."Excuseme.IsyournameRoger?"askedsomeone,whotouchedmeontheshoulder.Ilookedupandturnedtothesidetoseearathernicelookingwomanstandingbeforeme."Yes,"Ireplied,lookingratherconfusedasIhadneverseenthewomanbefore."MynameisBarbaraandmyhusbandisTony.HeisfromGeorgeHighSchool,"shesaid,pointingtoadistanttablenearthedoor.IlookedinthedirectionbutIdidnotrecognizethemanwhowassittingaloneatthetable,withawheelchairaroundthecorner."I'mreallysorry.Thenamedoesn'tringabell,"Isaid.Sheturnedandwalkedbacktohertable.Sheandherhusbandimmediatelybegantalkingandonceinawhilelookeddirectlyatme.Isatthere,thinkinghardandtriedtorememberwhothisTonyguywas."Imustknowhim,"Ithoughttomyself."Herecognizesmeforsomereason."Ipickedupmycoffeeandtookasip.Allofasudden,itcametomelikeaflashlightning."TonyTHEBULLY(校园霸凌者).Thebullyofmyseventhgradegeographyclass,"Isaidtomyself.Iturnedaroundandfacedinhisdirection.Howmanytimesthatguyhadmadefunofmybigearsinfrontofgirls?Howmanytimeshecalledme"four-eyedtoad"Howmanytimeshepushedmeupagainstthelockersjusttomakehimselflooklikeabigmantoalltheotherstudents?Heraisedhishandandwavedatme.Ismiled,returnedthewaveandturnedbackandbegantoeatmybreakfast."Goodness.He'ssothinnow.NotthebigguythatIremembered,"Ithoughttomyself.注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;Paragraph1:AllofasuddenIheardthesoundofdishesbreakingsoIturnedaroundtoseewhathadhappened.
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