核心单词带背2

核心单词带背2stale [steɪl]adj.不新鲜的；（空气）污浊的；陈腐的；没有新意的；厌倦的You

need

to

do

some

self-assessment

to

determine

where

you

have

become

stale

in

your

thinking.你需要做一些自我评估，以确定你的思维在哪里变得陈旧。refresh [rɪˈfreʃ]v.

（使）精神振作，（使）精力恢复It

was

specifically

to

provide

city

dwellers

with

spaces

for

leisure

where

they

could

experience

“a

refreshing

air”.它专门为城市居民提供休闲空间，那里他们可以体验“清新的空气”。renew [rɪˈnjuː]vt.

（使）更新；

恢复，重新开始This

mood

switch

made

no

difference

to

the

three-month-olds;

but

for

the

nine-month-olds,

it

was

enough

to

renew

their

interest

and

they

started

looking

again

in

the

direction

of

the

face.这种情绪转换对三个月大的孩子没有影响；但对于9个月大的孩子来说，这足以让他们重新产生兴趣，他们开始朝着脸的方向看。commerce[ˈkɒmɜ:s]n.

商业，贸易During

this

decade

new

forms

of

entertainment,commerce,

research,

andcommunication

became

commonplace

in

the

U.S.在这十年中，新形式的娱乐、商业、研究和交流在美国变得司空见惯。【派生】commercial［kəˈmɜːʃl］n.

商业广告

a.

商业的，贸易的commodity［kəˈmɒdətɪ］n.商品；日用品fake[feɪk]n.

假货a.

假的，伪造的v.

伪造fake

designer

clothing假冒的名牌服装prone [prəʊn]a.

（~

to）

易于的，有倾向Scientists

have

found

that

although

we

are

prone

to

snap

overreactions,

if

we

take

amoment

and

think

about

how

we

are

likely

to

react,

we

can

reduce

or

even

eliminate

the

negative

effects

of

our

quick,

hard-wired

responses.科学家已经发现，尽管我们很容易做出瞬时的过度反应，但如果我们花点时间来想想如何应对，我们就可以减少甚至消除固有的快速反应所带来的负面影响。inevitable[ɪnˈevɪtəbl]a.

不可避免的；必然的It

is

hard

to

shove

for

attention

billionaire-pound

infrastructure

projects,

so

it

is

inevitable

that

the

attention

is

focused

elsewhere.在诸多数十亿英镑的基础设施工程中，它很难脱颖而出（挤掉其他项目）赢得关注，因此，不可避免将注意力集中在其他行业。【派生】inevitably［ɪnˈevɪtəblɪ］ad.

不可避免地peer[pɪə(r)]n.

同龄人；同等的人；贵族vt.

仔细看，端详They

are

usually

more

motivated

to

compete

with

their

peers.他们通常更有动力与同龄人竞争。pioneer/ˌpaɪəˈnɪər/n.

先驱v.当开拓者Ineveronce

thoughtaboutbeing

a

pioneer.我从未想过要成为一名先锋。a

new

technique

pioneered

by

surgeons

in

a

London

hospital由伦敦一家医院外科医生开发使用的新技术compatible [kəm'pætəb(ə)l]a.

兼容的；可共用的；可共存的；（因思想、志趣等相投而）关系好的Free

enterprise,

he

argued,

was

compatible

with

Russian

values

and

traditions.

他辩称自由企业与俄罗斯的价值观和传统是相容的。spite[spaɪt]n.

恶意，怨恨【词组】in

spite

of（=

despite）虽然，尽管【派生】spiteful［

ˈspaɪtfl］a.

怀恨的，恶意的spray[spreɪ]n.

浪花，水花，喷雾，喷雾剂；v.

喷，（使）溅出People

in

both

groups

used

nicotine

patches

before

they

quit,

in

addition

to

a

secondform

of

nicotine

replacement,

like

gum

or

spray.这两组人在戒烟前都使用尼古丁贴片，此外还有第二种尼古丁替代品，如口香糖或喷雾剂。pray[preɪ]v.

祈祷；恳求He

prayedevery

night

that

the

baby

would

arrive

the

next

day.

他每天晚上都祈祷孩子第二天能到来。array [əˈreɪ]n.

展示，陈列，排列

；一系列vt.排列；部署Allthe

toys

of

my

daughter

were

arrayed

on

the

floor.

我女儿的所有玩具都被排列在地板上。nevertheless[ˌnevəðəˈles]ad.

仍然，不过Nevertheless,the

affordable

housing

situation

is

desperate.然而，负担得起的住房状况令人绝望。besides [bɪˈsaɪdz]ad.

此外；而且prep.

除……之外

（还）I

don’t

want

to

speak.Besides,

I’m

too

tired.

我不想说话，而且，我太累了。Besides

knowing

someGreek,she

was

fluent

in

Italian.她除了懂些希腊语之外，意大利语也说得很流利。furthermore[ˌfɜ:ðəˈmɔ:(r)]ad.

此外，而且Furthermore,

these

losses

make

us

mature

and

eventually

move

us

toward

future

opportunitiesfor

growth

and

happiness.此外，这些损失使我们成熟，并最终促使我们接近未来的成长和幸福的机会。【同义】moreover［mɔːrˈəʊvə(r)］ad.

而且，此外lest [lest]conj.

唯恐，以免What

has

happened

is

that

people

cannot

confess

fully

to

their

dreams,

as

easily

and

openly

as

once

they

could,

lest

they

be

thought

pushing,

acquisitive

and

vulgar.现在的情况是

人们不能像以前那样轻易地、公开地坦陈自

己的梦想，唯恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪婪、庸俗不堪。【同义】forfearthat/

incase

that以防，唯恐otherwise[ˈʌðəwaɪz]ad.

在其他方面conj.

否则Failure

can

also

teach

us

things

about

ourselves

that

we

would

never

have

learned

otherwise.失败也能教会我们一些我们永远学不到的东西。Making

should

be

student-led,

otherwiseit’sboring.制作应该由学生主导，否则很无聊。appropriate[əˈprəʊprɪət，

əˈprəʊprɪeɪt]a.

适当的Appropriate

arrangements

will

be

made

for

their

work

and

livelihood.

他们的工作和生活会得到妥善的安排。property［

ˈprɒpətɪ］n.

财产；房产They

suffer

great

losses

in

stocks,

property

and

other

assets.

他们在股票、财产和其他资产方面遭受巨大损失。estate[ɪˈsteɪt]n.

房地产，不动产；财产Real

estate

is

a

disturbingindustryand

many

managers

haveleft.

房地产业现在是一个不景气的行业，很多经理人已经离职。possess[pəˈzes]vt.

占有，拥有Professionalism

has

turned

the

acquisition

of

a

doctoral

degree

into

a

prerequisite

for

a

successful

academic

career:

as

late

as

1969

a

third

of

American

professors

did

not

possessone.这种专业化已经使得博士学位的取得成为成功的学术生涯的先决条件：直到1969年，三分之一的美国教授并没有获得博士学位。【派生】possession［pəˈzeʃn］n.

拥有；财产asset[ˈæset]n.

资产，财产Theysellstocksand

otherassets.

他们出售股票和其他资产。settle ［ˈsetl］v.

安顿，定居；解决The

government

need

to

settle

this

problem

once

and

for

all.

政府需要一劳永逸地解决这个问题。【派生】settlement

n.

解决；处理；协议It

is

hard

to

secure

a

peace

settlement

between

the

couple.

这对夫妇之间很难达成和平协议。dwell[dwel]vi.

居住【派生】dweller［

ˈdwelə(r)］n.

居民，居住者It

fails

to

provide

sound

advice

to

city

dwellers.

它未能向城市居民提供合理的建议。dwelling

［ˈdwelɪŋ］n.

住宅，住所handle ［ˈhændl］vt.

处理；应付n.

把手；拉手，（解决问题的）方法；途径It

may

have

found

an

ideal

way

to

handle

teenagers

with

behavioral

problems.

它可能已经找到了处理青少年行为问题的理想方法。tackle ［ˈtækl］n.

工具，装备vt.

处理，应付It

results

from

society’s

failure

to

tackle

the

problem.

这是社会未能解决问题的结果。cope[kəʊp]v.

应付，处理They

are

better

able

to

cope

with

the

global

climate

change.

他们能够更好地应对全球气候变化。solve[sɒlv]vt.

解决，解答New

research

has

found

deep

water

reserves

under

the

state

which

could

help

solve

their

drought

crisis.新的研究发现，该州的深水储备有助于解决干旱危机。【派生】solution［səˈluːʃn］n.

解答，解决办法unsolved［

ˌʌnˈsɒlvd］a.

未解答的，未解决的resolve[rɪˈzɒlv]v.

解决；决定，下决心He

resolved

to

depart

with

his

girlfriend

without

reason.

虽然没有理由，但是他仍决定和女朋友分手。【派生】resolved［rɪˈzɒlvd］a.

下决心的resolution［

ˌrezəˈluːʃn］n.

决心；解决We

just

make

some

half-hearted

resolution

and

it

evaporates

after

a

week

or

two.

我们只是做了一些随意的决定，一两周后就烟消云散了。dissolve ［dɪˈzɒlv］v.

（使）溶解；（使）分解The

rubbishinthem

takes

long

todissolve.

里面的垃圾需要很长时间才能溶解。scope [skəʊp]n.

（活动、书籍等的）范围；机会The

Federal

Circuit’s

action

comes

in

the

wake

of

a

series

of

recent

decisions

by

the

Supreme

Court

that

has

narrowed

the

scope

of

protections

for

patent

holders.联邦巡回法院的这一行动效仿了最高法院近期做出的一系列缩小了专利持有者的受保护范围的判决。realm /relm/n.

领域；场所；王国The

white

clothing

conveyed

an

image

of

cleanliness,

according

to

Carême—and

in

hisrealm,

appearance

waseverything.在卡雷姆看来，白色服装传达了一种干净的形象——在他的领域里，外表就是一切。span[spæn]n.

跨距，跨度；

一段时间The

average

life

span

wasless

than

50

years.平均寿命不到50年。upset ［ʌpˈset］a.

心烦的，苦恼的v.使心烦意乱，使心情不好；搅乱I

think

your

boss

would

bevery

upset

when

he

gets

your

letter

of

resignation.我想你的老板收到你的辞职信后会很不高兴的。dismay [dɪsˈmeɪ]n.

失望，气馁；惊恐，惊愕vt.

使失望；使惊愕To

her

dismay,

she

found

she

had

locked

her

keys

inside

her

car.

令她沮丧的是，她发现自己把钥匙锁在车里了。However,

cancer

charities

were

dismayed,

pointing

out

that

the

death

toll

in

ovarian

cancer

wasvery

high

and

that

the

drug

was

available

elsewhere

in

Europe.然而，癌症慈善机构却感到沮丧，他们指出，卵巢癌的死亡人数非常高，而且这种药物在欧洲其他地方都可以买到。typical [ˈtɪpɪkl]a.

典型的，象征性的Fatigue

isa

typicalsymptom

oflackofexercise.

疲劳是缺乏锻炼的典型症状。classic [ˈklæsɪk]a.

最优秀的；典型的；古典的n.

名著，经典著作classic

music

古典乐It

is

a

classic

example

in

architecture

textbooks.

这是建筑学教科书中的一个经典例子。【派生】classical［

ˈklæsɪkl］a.

古典的，经典的item [ˈaɪtəm]n.

项目，条款；一则，一条Americans,

she

finds,

buy

roughly

20

billion

garments

a

year—about

64

items

per

person—and

no

matter

how

much

they

give

away,

this

excessleads

to

waste.她发现，美国人每年大约购买200亿件服装——每人大约购买64件——不管他们赠送多少衣服出去，这些多余的服装都会导致浪费。switch [swɪtʃ]n.

开关；转换，转变

v.

转换，转变Those

who

do

make

the

switch

are

finding

they

have

more

support.

那些做出改变的人发现他们得到了更多的支持。Theycan

easily

switch

to

natural

gas.

他们可以很容易地改用天然气。【词组】switch

on

开启，接通（=turnon）

switchoff

切断，关掉（=

turn

off）sketch [sketʃ]n.

草图，梗概；素描，描写Thefirstpublishedsketch,“ADinneratPoplarWalk”broughttearstoDickens’s

eyes

when

he

discovered

it

in

the

pages

of

The

Monthly

Magazine.当狄更斯在月刊上发现第一幅发表的素描《A

Dinner

at

PoplarWalk》时，他不禁热泪盈眶。image [ˈɪmɪdʒ]n.

图像，影像；形象，声誉These

pauses

typically

occur

at

about

three

per

second,

and

the

eyes

then

jump

toanother

spot,

until

several

important

points

in

the

image

are

registered

like

a

series

of

snapshots.通常情况下，大约每秒会停顿三次，然后眼睛跳跃到另一处，直到图像中的几个重要点像一系列快照一样完成注册。【扩展】imagine［ɪˈmædʒɪn］v.

想象；猜想calm ［kɑːm］a.

沉着的；平静的v.使平静；使镇定Sit

downand

trytocalm

yourself.坐下，试着让自己平静下来。moral [ˈmɒrəl]n.（pl.

）道德a.

道德（上）的Amid

the

outcry,

many

conservative

leaders

are

seeking

a

return

to

the

prewar

emphasison

moral

education.在一片抗议声中，许多保守党领导人正在力图回复到战前，强调道德教育.【派生】morality［məˈrælətɪ］n.

道德，德行；道德观mortal ［ˈmɔːtl］a.

终有一死的On

their

way

to

creating

a

feminist

paradise,

the

Swedes

have

unintentionally

created

a

haven

for

normalmortals.在创造女权主义的路上，瑞典人无意中为普通人创造了一个避风港。【派生】mortality

[mɔːˈtæləti]

n.死亡率immortal［ɪˈmɔːtl］a.

不死的，不朽的ethic [ˈeθɪk]n.

伦理，道德规范Assuming

that

your

teacher

is

neither

biased

nor

corrupt

and

that

her

system

conforms

to

school

rules,

you

can’t

fault

her

ethics.假如你的老师既没有偏见也没有受贿，而且符合学校规定，你就不能指责她的道德问题。recommend [ˌrekəˈmend]vt.

推荐，介绍；建议The

Senate

bill

would

create

an

independent

commission

to

monitor

the

pilot

programs

and

recommend

changes

in

Medicare’s

payment

policies

to

urge

providers

toadopt

reforms

that

work.参议院法案将设立一个独立委员会来监督试点项目，并建议修改医疗保险的支付政策，以敦促医疗机构采取有效的改革措施。receipt[rɪˈsi:t]n.

发票，收据；收入In

a

recent

study

involving

over

400

health

adults,

researchers

from

Carnegie

Mellon

University

in

Pennsylvania

examined

the

effects

of

perceived

social

support

and

the

receipt

of

hugs

on

the

participants’

susceptibility

to

developing

the

common

coldafterbeing

exposed

to

the

virus

.在最近一项涉及400多名健康成年人的研究中，来自宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员考察了感知社会支持和接受拥抱对那些受试者接触病毒后患常见感冒的易感性的影响。recipe [ˈresəpɪ]n.

烹饪法，食谱；秘诀With

her

dad’s

permission,

she

spent

the

next

two

years

researching

online

and

conducting

trials

to

get

a

recipe

that

was

both

tasty

and

tooth-friendly.在她父亲的允许下，她花了两年时间在网上研究并进行试验，以得到一种既美味又对牙齿友好的食谱。reciprocal [rɪ'sɪprək(ə)l]a.

互惠的；相互的“Rats

have

been

shown

to

engage

in

multiple

forms

of

reciprocal

help

and

cooperation,

including

what

is

referred

to

as

direct

reciprocity—where

a

rat

will

help

another

rat

that

has

previously

helped

them,”

says

Quinn.“已有研究表明，老鼠会进行多种形式的互助及合作，其中包括被称为‘直接互惠’的行为，即老鼠会帮助之前曾帮助过自己的另一只老鼠。”奎因说道。independent [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt]a.

独立的；中立的，不相关的And

instead,

I

grew

up

believing

that

I

was

supposed

to

be

totally

independent

and

consequently

became

very

reluctant

to

ask

for

help.相反，我从小就认为自己应该完全独立，因此不愿意寻求帮助。【派生】independence［

ˌɪndɪˈpendəns］n.独立，自主She

was

born

about

the

time

of

the

War

of

Independence.

她大约出生在独立战争时期。flourish [ˈflʌrɪʃ]vi.

繁荣，茂盛，兴旺The

social

sciences

are

flourishing.

社会科学蓬勃发展。【派生】flourishing［

ˈflʌrɪʃɪŋ］a.

繁茂的，繁荣的，欣欣向荣的flour ［

ˈflaʊə(r)］n.

面粉，粉状物v.

撒面粉He

shaped

delicious

masterpieces

out

of

flour,

butter

and

sugar.他用面粉、黄油和糖做出了美味的杰作。rate [reɪt]n.

速度，速率；比率；频率vt.

估价，评估Global

temperatures

affect

the

rate

of

economic

development.

全球气温影响经济发展速度。It

is

difficult

to

rate

a

man

at

his

true

value.

要评估一个人的真正价值是困难的。percentage ［pəˈsentɪdʒ］n.

百分数，百分率，百分比After

all,

the

percentage

of

Americans

who

say

a

college

degree

is

“very

important”

has

fallen

drastically

in

the

last

5-6

years.毕竟，在过去的5-6年中，认为大学学位“非常重要”的美国人比例急剧下降。percent ［pəˈsent］n.

百分率，百分数Seventy-four

percent

of

the

women

said

the

activity

lessened

their

fears

and

kept

them

from

thinking

about

their

problem.74%的女性表示，这项活动减轻了她们的恐惧感，使她们不再思考自己的问题。launch [lɔ:ntʃ]n.发射，投产 v.发射；开展That’s

one

reason

why

we

have

launched

Arc,

a

new

publication

dedicated

to

the

near

future.这就是我们推出Arc的原因之一，Arc是一种致力于不久的将来的新出版物。profit [ˈprɒfɪt]n.

利润，益处v.

有利，得利，有益于He

says

the

prices

this

year

have

been

so

low

that

he

has

made

almost

no

profit.

他说，今年的价格太低，他几乎没有盈利。【派生】profitable［ˈprɒfɪtəbl］a.

有利可图的，有益的benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]n.

利益，好处；津贴，救济金vt.

有益于，对……有益

vi.

受益，得益It

is

not

enough

to

say

that

the

algorithms

DeepMind

develops

will

benefit

patientsand

save

lives.仅仅说DeepMind开发的算法将使患者受益并挽救生命是不够的。【派生】beneficial［ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl］a.有益的understanding [ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ]n.

了解，理解（力）；谅解；协议a.

体谅的，通情达理的In

their

eagerness

to

build

bigger

telescopes,

they

forgot

that

science

is

not

the

onlyway

of

understanding

the

world.他们急于建造更大的望远镜，却忘记了科学不是了解世界的唯一途径。I’ve

only

had

two

driving

lessons

so

far,

and

my

instructor

isvery

understanding.

到目前为止，我只上过两次驾驶课，我的教练非常通情达理。fierce [fɪəs]a.

凶猛的；狂热的Fierce

debating

can

hurt

feelings,

particularly

when

strong

personalities

are

involved.激烈的辩论会伤害感情，特别是参与的人个性比较强时。credible /ˈkredəbl/a.可信的；可接受的，有效果的He

turned

up

credible

evidence

that

music

has

positive

effects

on

intelligence.

他发现了音乐对智力有积极影响的可信的证据。incredible [ɪnˈkredəbl]a.

难以置信的，惊人的Or,

we

can

look

at

failure

as

an

incredible

learning

experience.

或者，我们也可以把失败看作是一次不可思议的学习经历。【派生】incredibly[ɪnˈkredəbli]ad.

极其；令人难以置信display [dɪˈspleɪ]n./vt.

陈列，展示The

AAAS

displays

great

enthusiasm

for

liberal

education.

Yet

its

report

may

well

set

back

reform

by

obscuring

the

depth

and

breadth

of

the

challenge

that

Congress

asked

it

to

illuminate.美国科学促进会（AAAS）对人文教育显示出巨大的热情，但其报告模糊了国会委托其阐明的人文教育面临挑战的深度和广度问题，这样可能会阻碍改革的进程。exhibit [ɪgˈzɪbɪt]n.

展览品，陈列品vt.

展出，陈列I

heard

the

recent

sculpture

exhibit

was

kind

of

disappointing.

我听说最近的雕塑展有点令人失望。They

offer

to

let

me

exhibit

some

of

my

paintings

here.

他们提议让我在这里展出我的一些画。prohibit[prəˈhɪbɪt]vt.

禁止；阻止Too

many

workplace

policies

effectively

prohibit

employees

from

developing

a

healthy

work-life

balance

by

barring

them

from

taking

time

off,

even

when

they

need

it

most.甚至在员工最需要的时候，太多单位的政策禁止员工休假，这样也有效地阻止员工健康工作与生活之间的平衡。forbid ［fəˈbɪd］vt.

禁止，不准，不许the

Forbidden

City

紫禁城（禁止普通人随便进入的城）Childrenare

forbidden

to

visitterminally

ill

patients-even.

儿童甚至也被禁止去探望绝症患者。ban ［bæn］n.

禁令v.（明令）禁止Some

expertshave

gone

further,

calling

for

a

total

ban

during

all

flights.一些专家则更进一步，呼吁全面禁止所有航班的飞行。formidable [ˈfɔ:mɪdəbl]a.

可怕的，令人敬畏的；难对付的The

new

headmaster

looks

so

formidable

that

no

students

would

like

to

greet

him.这个新校长看起来很令人敬畏，没有学生愿意跟他打招呼。plausible [ˈplɔ:zəbl]a.

貌似合理的，似是而非的；花言巧语的performance [pəˈfɔ:məns]n.

表演；性能；执行Studentperformance

has

a

lot

to

do

with

teachers.

学生的表现与老师有很大关系。strike /straɪk/vt.

发现，找到v.击，撞；罢工n.

罢工The

tree

wasstruckbylightning.树遭到雷击。The

union

has

voted

to

strike

fora

pay

increase

of

6%.工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。striking [ˈstraɪkɪŋ]a.

显著的，引人注目的A

moralist,

satirist,

and

social

reformer

Dickens

crafted

complex

plots

and

striking

characters

that

capture

the

panorama

of

English

society.狄更斯是一位道德家、讽刺家和社会改革家，他精心设计了复杂的情节和引人注目的人物，捕捉了英国社会的全景。【派生】strikingly［

ˈstraɪkɪŋlɪ］ad.显著地，突出地，引人注目地（相当于very）evident [ˈevɪdənt]a.

明显的，显然的This

tendency

in

the

natural

sciences

has

long

been

evident

in

the

social

sciencestoo.自然科学中的这种趋势在社会科学中也一直很明显。【派生】evidently［ˈevɪdəntlɪ］ad.明显地，显然self-evident［ˈself

ˈevɪdənt］a.

不证自明的，不言而喻的evidence［ˈevɪdəns］n.证据，迹象in

evidence

明显的，可看见的proof ［pruːf］n.

证据But

under

anti-bribery

laws,

proof

must

be

made

of

concrete

benefits,

such

as

approval

of

a

contract

or

regulation.但根据反贿赂法，证据必须由明确具体的利益构成，如合同或法规的批准。【派生】waterproof['wɔːtəpruːf]a.

防水的Put

on

your

waterproof

coat

before

you

go

out

in

the

rain.下雨外出前，穿上你的防水外套。utmost [ˈʌtməʊst]n.

极限，最大可能a.

极度的，最大的Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascolleges

continuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)and

improve

their

graduation

rates.这一鲜为人知的做法近年来得到了加速应用，因为大学继续尽最大努力让学生留在学校（并支付学费），提高他们的毕业率。mostly[ˈməʊstlɪ]ad.

主要地，大部分地Many

European

universities

are

still

mostly

dependent

on

government

funding.

But

government

support

has

failed

to

keep

pace

with

rising

student

number。很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。radical[ˈrædɪkl]n.激进分子 a.

根本的，基本的；激进的The

end

of

the

Cold

War

radically

altered

the

very

nature

of

the

world’s

politicsand

economics.冷战的结束从根本上改变了世界政治和经济的本质。【派生】radically［

ˈrædɪklɪ］ad.

根本地，彻底地；激进地radicalism［ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm］n.

激进主义racial [ˈreɪʃl]a.

人种的，种族的This

pattern

of

human

rights

violations

against

African-Americans

continued

under

racial

segregation

for

nearly

another

century.在种族隔离下，这种侵犯非裔美国人人权的模式持续了将近一个世纪。【派生】racism［ˈreɪsɪzəm］n.

种族主义；种族

歧视racist［ˈreɪsɪst］n.

种族主义者

a.

种族主义的ethnic ［

ˈeθnɪk］a.

种族的，人种的n.

少数民族成员The

violence

was

the

result

of

political

and

ethnic

conflicts.

那次暴力是政治与种族冲突的结果。reality [rɪˈælətɪ]n.

现实，真实Collectively,

we

rely

on

the

unemployment

figures

and

other

statistics

to

frame

oursense

of

reality.总体而言，我们依靠失业数字和其他统计数据来形成我们的现实感。【派生】realistic［

ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk］a.

现实的，实际realist［

ˈriːəlɪst］n.现实主义者panic [ˈpænɪk]n.

惊慌，恐慌v.（使）恐慌This

Exercise

Flood

Call

didn’t

cause

panic

among

Londoners.这次水灾演习没有引起伦敦人的恐慌。Consumers

seem

only

concerned,

not

panicked,

and

many

say

they

remain

optimisticabout

the

economy’s

long-term

prospects.消费者似乎只是担心，而不是惊慌失措，许多人说他们对经济的长期前景保持乐观。illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt]vt.

（用例子、故事或图表）说明；加插图

（或图表）The

trend

was

naturally

most

obvious

in

those

areas

of

science

based

especially

on

a

mathematical

or

laboratorytraining,

and

can

be

illustrated

in

terms

of

the

developmentof

geology

in

the

United

Kingdom.很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域表现最为明显，并且可以英国的地质学发展作例证来说明。【派生】illustration［ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn］n.

说明，例证；图表，插图exemplify [ɪgˈzemplɪfaɪ]vt.

作为……的例子，举例证明By

citing

the

book

The

Tipping

Point,

the

author

intends

toexemplify

people’s

intuitive

response

to

social

epidemics.作者以《引爆点》一书为例，阐述了人们对社会流行现象的直觉反应。demonstrate [ˈdemənstreɪt]vt.

论证，证明，表明

vi.

举行示威游行Her

critique

of

the

lameness

of

many

public-health

campaigns

is

spot-on:

they

fail

to

mobilize

peer

pressure

for

healthy

habits,

and

they

demonstrate

a

seriously

flawed

understanding

of

psychology.她对许多公共卫生运动的不足之处的批评非常到位：它们未能动员健康习惯的同伴压力，而且它们表明对心理学的理解存在严重缺陷。【派生】demonstration［ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn］n.

论证；示范；示威游行indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt]vt.

表明，显示；预示Our

findings

indicate

that

people

do

not

onlyfeel

different

when

they

are

the

centre

of

attention

but

that

their

brain

reactions

also

differ.我们的发现表明，当人们成为注意力的中心时，他们不仅感觉不同，而且他们的大脑反应也不同。【派生】indicator［

ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r)］n.

指示器，指示牌indication［ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn］n.

指出，指示；暗示hint ［hɪnt］n./

v.

暗示，提示a

hintof少量，微量There

wasa

hintofimpatience

in

histone.

他的语气中透出些许不耐烦。manifest [ˈmænɪfest]a.

明显的，显而易见的v.

显示，显露The

growth

of

higher

education

manifests

itself

in

at

least

three

quite

different

ways,

and

these

in

turn

have

given

rise

to

different

sets

of

problems.高等教育的发展至少以三种截然不同的方式表现出来，而这三种方式又导致了不同的问题。imply [ɪmˈplaɪ]vt.

暗示，意味The

joke

about

doctors

implies

that,

in

the

eyes

of

nurses,

they

arevery

consciousof

their

godlike

role.这个关于医生的笑话暗示了，在护士的眼里，他们自认为自己是上帝。【派生】implication［

ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn］n.

暗示，暗指；卷入implicit [ɪmˈplɪsɪt]a.

暗示的，含蓄的It

is

this

implicit

or

explicit

reference

to

nature

that

fully

justifies

the

use

of

word

garden

though

in

a

“liberated”

sense,

to

describe

these

synthetic

constructions.正是这种与大自然之间或明或暗的关联使花园这个词——虽然指的是“广义”上的花园——恰如其分地形容了这些人造建筑。explicit ［ɪkˈsplɪsɪt］a.

明确的，清楚的；坦率的She

was

quite

explicit

about

why

sheleft.

她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。primary [ˈpraɪmərɪ]a.

首要的，主要的，最初的primary

school

小学The

quality

of

writing

is

of

primaryimportance.

写作的质量是最重要的。primitive ［ˈprɪmətɪv］a.

原始的，粗糙的，简单的In

primitive

times

human

beings

did

not

travel

for

pleasure

but

to

find

a

more

favourable

climate.在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了找乐趣，而是寻找更有利的气候。principal [ˈprɪnsəpl]n.

校长；首长a.

最重要的，主要的He

is

the

principal

of

this

school.

他是该学校的校长。The

principal

difficulty

faced

by

the

schools

has

been

the

tremendous

increase

inthe

number

of

pupils.学校面临的主要困难是学生人数的急剧增加。principle［

ˈprɪnsəpl］n.

法则，原则It

is

run

on

the

principle

of

trusting

prisoners.

它是基于信任囚犯的原则进行的。【扩展】in

principle

原则上，大体上discipline［

ˈdɪsəplɪn］n.

纪律；学科To

achieve

success

in

your

life,

you

need

discipline

to

confine

yourself.

要取得生命中的成功，你需要用纪律约束自己。compulsory

disciplines

必修课optional

disciplines选修课passion [ˈpæʃn]n.

激情，热情He

gave

up

when

the

passion

ranout.

当激情耗尽时，他放弃了。【派生】passionate［ˈpæʃənət］a.

易动情的；热烈的，激昂的negative /ˈneɡətɪv/a.

消极的；悲观的；否定的Social

media

can

certainly

be

an

escape

from

the

daily

grind,

but

we

must

be

cautioned

against

the

negative

effects.玩社交媒体当然可以逃避日常琐事，但我们必须警惕其负面影响。optimistic [ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk]a.

乐观（主义）的The

man

is

quite

optimistic

about

human

nature.

这个人对人性相当乐观。【派生】optimism[ˈɑːptɪmɪzəm]n.乐观；乐观主义Ican

now

lookforward

with

optimism.

我现在可以乐观地展望未来了。pessimistic ［

ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk］a.

悲观的，厌世的【派生】optimism［

ˈɒptɪmɪzəm］n.乐观，乐观主义optimist［

ˈɒptɪmɪst］n.乐天派，乐观者pessimism［ˈpesɪmɪzəm］n.悲观，悲观主义pessimist［

ˈpesɪmɪst］n.

悲观论者，悲观主义者passive ［ˈpæsɪv］a.

被动的，消极的Hoursof

watchingTV

shows

with

canned

laughter

only

teaches

kids

to

processinformation

in

a

passive

way.连续看几个小时的喜剧电视节目只能教会孩子消极的处理信息。spoil [spɔɪl]vt.

损坏；宠坏Scenes

of

natural

beauty

and

important

landmarks

have

been

spoiled

by

mindlessgraffiti.自然美景和重要的建筑物都被无脑的涂鸦破坏了。【词组】spoil

children

溺爱孩子destroy[dɪˈstrɔɪ]v.

破坏，损坏Cheating

destroys

self-respect

and

integrity,

leaving

the

cheater

ashamed,

guiltyand

afraid

of

getting

caught.作弊会破坏自尊和正直，让作弊者感到羞耻、内疚和担心被抓。【派生】destruction［dɪˈstrʌkʃn］n.

破坏，毁灭destructive［dɪˈstrʌktɪv］

a.

破坏性的Toomuch

happinesscan

be

destructive.

乐极也会生悲。reluctant [rɪˈlʌktənt]a.

不情愿的，勉强的So

when

one

monkey

was

handed

a

grape

in

exchange

for

her

token,

the

second

was

reluctant

to

hand

hersover

for

a

mere

piece

of

cucumber.因此，当一只猴子用代币换取一颗葡萄时，另一只猴子不愿意用代币换一片黄瓜。reasonable [ˈri:znəbl]a.

通情达理的，合理的Upcoming

reforms

might

bring

the

price

to

a

more

reasonable

level.

即将到来的改革可能会使价格达到更合理的水平。rational [ˈræʃnəl]a.

理性的，理智的，合理的This

mission

depends

on

traditions

of

rational

discourse

and

vigorous

defense

of

the

scientific

method.这个使命取决于传统的理性论述和对科学方法的强有力的捍卫。【派生】rationalization［

ˌræʃnəlaɪˈzeɪʃn］n.合理化irrational［ɪˈræʃənl］a.

不合理的，失去理性的joint [dʒɔɪnt]n.

关节，接头

a.

联合的，共同的While

countries

such

as

India

have

made

joint

efforts

to

reduce

birthrates,

Brazil

has

had

better

result

without

really

trying.虽然印度等国已经在共同努力降低出生率，但巴西在没有真正努力的情况下取得了更好的结果。adjoin ［əˈdʒɔɪn］v.

连接，毗邻CanadaadjoinstheUnitedStates.

加拿大和美国接壤。【派生】adjoining［əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ］a.

邻接的，隔壁的pursue[pəˈsju:]vt.

继续探讨（或从事）；

追赶；追求Enrollmentinbusinessschoolsexplodedinthe1970sand1980sandcreated

theassumptionthatnoonewhopursuedabusinesscareercoulddowithout

one.商学院的入学人数在20世纪70年代和80年代激增，并产生了这样一种假设：从事商业职业的人都离不开商学院。absorb[əbˈsɔ:b]vt.

使全神贯注；吸收Hewastotallyabsorbed

in

hiswork.

他全神贯注于他的工作。Don