小学英语基础语法

小学英语语法

目录

第一期语法基础

第一讲名词单数变复数....................................1

第二讲be动词和冠词的用法...........................8

第三讲指示代词.............................................18

第四讲人称代词..............................................24

第五讲物主代词.............................................30

第六讲第三人称单数......................................39

第七讲名词所有格.........................................44

第八讲基数词变序数词.................................50

第九讲情态动词can......................................55

第十讲therebe句型.......................................58

第二期语法培优

第十一讲句型转换：肯定句变成否定句.......................65

第十二讲句型转换：陈述句变成一般疑问句..............70

第十三讲句型转换：陈述句变成特殊疑问句...............76

第十四讲一般现在时...............................................81

第十五讲一般将来时................................................86

第十六讲现在进行时................................................93

第十七讲一般过去时.................................................101

第十八讲四大时态综合练习.....................................110

小学英语语法

第一期语法基础

第一讲名词单数变复数

课前单词拼读练习

ˊ

1

Howmanypencilsdoyouhave?

Ihavearedpencilandfourgreenpencils.

pencilpencils

单数复数

1.直接➕s

pencilpencils

2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词+es

busbusesboxboxes

peachpeachesdishdishes

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，把y变成i再+es

strawberrystrawberrieslibrarylibraries

familyfamilies

元音字母+y结尾的单词，直接+s

boyboys

keykeys

2

4.以f或fe结尾的单词，把f或fe变成v再+es

leafleavesknifeknives

5.以o结尾的单词，有生命的+es,无生命的+s

zoozoostomatotomatoes

6.不规则变化

manmenwomanwomen

toothteethfootfeet

goosegeesechildchildren

oxoxenmousemice

单复数同形：

fsh

deersheep

ChineseJapanese

3

1.car______2.mouse______3.boy______

4.toy______5.eye________6.box______

7.body_____8.man________9.tomato________

10.bus_____11.sheep______12.knife________

1.Therearemany_______(apple)onthetree.

2.Mygrandfatherhasthree_______(child).

3.I'mhungry.Let'shavesome_______(fsh).

4.Ihavetwo_______(watch).

5.Therearesix_______(class)inourclass.

4

单数

可数名词

名词复数

不可数名词

没有复数

7

液体

milkjuicewater

肉类

beefchickenfsh

数不清的东西

ricehair

bread

抽象概念

musicmoney

5

随堂巩固

一.写出下面单词的复数形式

1.city______2.zoo_______3.country________

4.tooth_______5.mouse________6.boy_______

7.car______8.tree_______9.sandwich___________

10.horse_______11.bus______12.fox________

13.dish_______14.photo_______15.piano________

16.knife_______17.leaf_________18.thief________

19.man________20.woman________21.child________

22.foot________23.peach_________24.diary_______

25.day_______26.book________27.ox_______

28.dress_______29.sheep_______30.box_______

31.deer______32.fsh_______33.strawberry_______

二.找出不可数名词，在横线上打✔，并将可数名词变成复数形式

homework________money________music________beef______

mouth___________bread________milk_________cow______

tea_____________water________pig_________apple____

pear____________box__________air__________

no

课后作业

一.把下列单词改为复数形式

book________egg________bus_______pen_______

peach_______key_________girl_______dress______

knife_______watch_______box_______tomato______

leaf________student______family______baby________

story_______boy________potato______zoo_________

photo_______man_______woman_______mouse______

foot_______goose______deer________sheep_______

child________ox_______tooth_______fsh_______

二.用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.Ihavetwo___________(knife)

2.Therearemany_________here.(box)

3.Therearemany_________ontheroad(路).(bus)

4.Afew（一些）___________aredrawing(画画)onthewall.(boy)

5.The___________areplayingfootballnow.(child)

6.Pleasetaketwo___________forme.(photo)

7.Ilikethered____________.(tomato)

8.Wouldyoupleaseclean(清洁)your_____________now?(tooth)

9.Doyouwantsome__________?(milk)

10.Ihaveared________(bag).T

第二讲be动词和冠词的用法

课前单词拼读练习

taxidrivernursefarmerpilotartist

/ˈtæksiˈdraɪvə//nɜːs//ˈfɑːmə//ˈpaɪlət//ˈɑːtɪst/

dancermusiciancleanerreporterastronaut

/.ˈdɑːnsə/

/mjuˈzɪʃn//ˈkliːnə//rɪˈpɔːtə//ˈæstrənɔːt/

Iamacook.

Heisadoctor.

Sheisateacher.

Wearestudents.

8

语法：be动词的用法

am

be动词isI用am

are

you用are

is用于he,she,it

IamI'm

单用is,复用are

缩写youareyou're

heishe's

用am,is还是are？

1.He___ataxidriver.

2.She____anurse.

3.We____astronauts.

4.Myfather____acleaner.

5.Mygrandfather_____afarmer.

6.I____adancer.

7.Mike____apilot.

8.Myuncle____areporter.

9

随堂巩固

用am,is还是are？

1.I____astudent.

2.He____astudent,too.

3.You____mygoodfriend.

4.We____inthesameclass.

5.LiLeiandKangkang_____deskmates.

6.It____acat.

7.She____abeautifulgirl.

8.They_____Chinese.

9.This_____Helen.

10.He____fromChina.

按要求填空

1.Iam(缩写形式)_______

2.is(复数)________

3.she's(完整形式)______

4.it's（完整形式）______

5.they're（完整形式）_______

6.weare（缩写形式）_______

7.Mikeis(缩写形式）_________

8.whatis(缩写形式）________

9.whereare(缩写形式）_______

10.that's(完整形式）_________

10

语法：冠词的用法

冠词是一个虚词，位于名词之前，限定名词的意义。i

定冠词the

冠词a

不定冠词

an

零冠词

不定冠词a/an的用法一

a和an都表示“一”

用于单数名词前面

辅音开头用a

元音开头用an

apencil心

deskchaircrayon

abook

心/desk//tʃeə//ˈkreɪən/

anapplea

umbrellaeggeraser

/eg/

/ʌmˈbrelə//ɪˈreɪzə/

Lensanorange

pen

UFOelephant

/pen//ˈelɪfənt/

11

不定冠词a/an的用法二

泛指：

1.表示某人或某物属于某一种类Thisisapen,notapencil.

泛指：

2.某一种类的人或物中的任何一个Givehimapen,please.

泛指：Listen!Aboyissinging.

3.表示某一种类人或物

用a还是an？

____desk____chair____crayon

___umbrella___egg

___eraser

___pen___UFO___elephant

12

定冠词the的用法

1.特指，表示所指人或物中特定的一个。

Doyouknowthegirlinreddress?

2.再次提到上文提到的人或物

Tomhasanewschoolbag.Theschoolbagisred.

3.指谈话双方都知道的人或物

Openthedoor,please.

4.用在世界上独一无二的事物前

Themoonisbright.

5.用在姓氏的复数名词前面，表示一家人或夫妇二人

TheGreenscametoChinatwoyearsago.

零冠词的用法

1.专有名词前一般不用冠词

America美国China中国Sichuan四川LeiFeng雷锋

2.月份、星期、节日前一般不用冠词

January一月Sunday星期天Christmas圣诞节13

3.三餐、四季前面一般不用冠词

Ihavelunchatschool.

Ilikesummerbest.

4.名词前面有修饰词（物主代词、不定代词、指示代词，名词所有格）

不用冠词

Lucyismysister.

Thatgirlismysister.

5.球类、棋类游戏前不用冠词

Ilikeplayingbasketball.

6.身份、头衔前不用冠词

Goodmorning,sir.

7.学科、语言前面不用冠词

IcanspeakEnglish.

14

随堂巩固

一.判断正误，正确的写T，错误的写F

astory()abread()amilk()abag()

aprettywoman()aschool()ausefulbook()

acars()aninterestingflm()anhour()

二.选择题

1.Wecansee___sunand___moonin____picture.

A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the

2.Parisis_____capital(首都)ofFrance.

A.aB./C.oneD.the

3.______SmithswenttoShanghaiyesterday.

A./B.AnC.AD.The

4.Whynotaskyourfathertodraw_____mapforyouifyouwanttoget

to_____Mike'shouseeasily(容易地).

A.a;anB./;anC.the;aD.a;/

5._____monkeycanclimb______trees.

A./;theB.A;/C.The;aD.The;/

6.HanMeiis_____Chinesegirl.Lucyis_____Englishgirl.

A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a

7.Aboywrite___"U"and___"n"onthewall.

A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a

8.Whichisbigger,___elephantor___horse?

A.a;theB.an;aC.the;anD.an;the

9.Thisis____interestingbookanditisalso____usefulbook.

A.an;anB.an;theC.an;aD.a;a

10.Therearesixtyminutes(分)in____hour.

A.anB.aC.theD./

15

课后作业

一.用am,is还是are？

1.I________fromAustralia.

2.She_______astudent.

3.JaneandTom_________myfriends.

4.Myparents_______verybusyeveryday.

5.___Kittyyournewfriend?No,mynewfriend_____Alice.

6.This______abook.

7.Amy______myfriend.

8.This_______Mark.

9._______youKangkang?No,I'mGaoFeng.

10.How_______you?Fine,thankyou

11.Thisinsect________verysmall.

12.Who_______thatboy?He_______Jim.

13.Mybooks_________inthedesk.

14.How_______yourfriend?He’sfne.

15.There_____someglassesonit.

16.There________manymonkeysinthegarden.

二.用a还是an?

1.____ruler2.____apple3.____eraser

4._____banana5.____desk6.____chair

7.____glass8.____table9.____plate

10._____knife11.____kite12._____orange

三.选择题

1.Wesaw____interestingflmyesterday.

A.aB.anC.theD./

2.MrsSmithis_____friendof____.

A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;anyD.a;mine

3.Heis__8-year-oldboy.

A.aB.anC.theD./16

4.Nowheis____artist(美术家).Ihaveknownhimsincehewas___one-

year-oldboy.

A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a

5.Ihave____orange.It's___bigorange.

A.a;theB.an;aC.the;theD./;the

6.Thisis___oldbook.It's___usefulbook.

A.an;aB.a;aC.the;anD.the;a

7.___Childrenarehappyon___Children'sDay.

A.The;theB.The;aC./;theD./;a

8.Thereis___"P"onherpaper.

A.aB.anC..theD./

9.Theyoftenplay____footballafterschool.l

A.aB.anC.theD./

10.Theyoftenplay____erhuafterschool.

A.aB.anC.theD./

11.Isee____eraseron____desk.

A.a;theB.an;theC.a;aD.an;a

12.I'mgoingtovisit____GreatWallnextweek.

A.aB.anC.theD./

13.Look!Thereis____appletree.___treeistall.

A.a;theB.an;theC.an;aC.a;an

17

第三讲指示代词

课前单词拼读练习

指示代词？

What'sthis?

It'sachair.ii

What'rethese?

They'rechairs.㶜

18

What'sthat?

iIt'sakite.虪

What'rethose?

They'rekites.

随堂巩固：补全对话

What's______?

________________.

Whatare______?

________________.

What's______?

________________.

Whatare______?

________________.

19

单数句变成复数句？

Thisisapeach.

Thesearepeaches.

Thatisatoycar.

Thosearetoycars.

随堂巩固

一.将下面句子变为复数句

1.Thisisaknife._________________________

2.Thatisatomato.__________________________

3.Thatchildisverygood.___________________________

4.Themaniseating._________________________

5.Lookatthiselephant._________________________

20

二.将下面句子变为单数句

1.Thesearemice.____________________

2.Thosearechildren._____________________

3.Therearesomeknivesintheseboxes.______________________

4.What'rethose?__________________

5.Ihavethreesheep.____________________

课后作业

一.用正确的指示代词填空

1.Thesekeysaremine._______areyours.

2.—What's_______?

—It'sanegg.

3.—What's______overthere?

—It'sanorange.

4.Lookat______pencils.AretheyLucy's?

No,theyaren'thers.Theyaremine.

5.Hi,mum.______ismyfriend,Lucy.

21

二.将下面句子改为复数句

1.Whatisthis?

_________________________

2.Thatappleisred.

__________________________

3.Thisismybook.

__________________________

4.Isthisyourpen?No,itisn't'.

_______________________________

5.Thatisacutedog.

________________________________

三.选择题

1.____penisred._____pencilsaregreen.

A.This;ThatB.These;ThoseC.That;ThoseD.This;That

2.Is____apandaoverthere?

A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.these

3._____twogirlsareMaryandLinda.

A.ThisB.TheyC.ThatD.Those

4.Look,whatis_______?It'saneraser.

A.thisB.thatC.theseD.those

22

5.Are______yourwatchesoverthere?

A.thisB.thatC.theseD.those

6._______thosehisdictionaries?

A.IsB.AreC.AmD.Do

7.——_____thisyourfriend?——_______.

A.Is;Yes,heisB.Is;Yes,theyare

C.Are;No,itsnotD.Are;Yes,Iam

8.——IsthatMary'sschoolbag?——________.

A.Yes,itisn'tB.No,itisn'tC.Yes,theyareD.No,theyaren't

9.——AretheseHelen'spencils?——_________.

A.Yes,theyareB.No,theyareC.Yes,theyaren'tD.No,itis

10.——Whatarethose?——________.

A.TheyareboxB.TheyareboxesC.It'saboxD.Yes,theyare

11.Look,____ismynewpencil.

A.thisB.thatC.theseD.those

12.——Simon,____ismybrother,Tom.——Nicetomeetyou.

A.heB.sheC.thatD.this

13.——whatare_____inEnglish?——Theyare______.

A.these;boxesB.these;boxC.this;boxes

14.——Whatisthis?——____isacake.

A.ThatB.ThisC.It

15._____twoboysareMr.Green'ssons.

A.ThisB.TheseC.ThatD.They23

第四讲人称代词

课前单词拼读练习

人称代词？

Thisismyfather.Heisadoctor.

Thisismymother.Sheisateacher.

人称代词：he他

人称代词：she她

24

人称代词？

主格？宾格？

Idrinkwater.

主语谓语宾语

主格

HeteachesusEnglish.

主语谓语宾语

主格宾格

25

I？me？

I主格me宾格we主格us宾格

_____amastudent.

_____arestudents.

Sarahlikes____.Sarahlikes____.

最容易记住的you!

"你“主格"你们“主格你是一名学生。

_____arestudent.

you你们是学生。

_____arestudents.

萨拉喜欢你。

"“"“

你宾格你们宾格Sarahlikes____.

萨拉喜欢你们。

Sarahlikes____.

26

he？him？she？her？

he主格him宾格she主格her宾格

_____isastudent._____isastudent.

Sarahlikes_____.Sarahlikes_____.

it？they?them?

it主格/宾格they主格them宾格

_____isadog._____arestudents.

Sarahlikes_____.Sarahlikes_____.

27

随堂巩固

一.在括号内填入适当的人称代词

1.______(我)playwith_____(他).

2.______(他)playswith_____(我).

3.______(他)playswith_____(她).

4.______(她)playswith_____(他).

5.______(他)isaboy.

6.______(她)isagirl.

7.Do____(你)know______(她).

8._____(我)amadoctor.

9.Myfatheristalkingwith_____(我).

10.______(我们)areChinese.

11.MissLizteaches______(我们)English.

12._____(你)areabeautifulgirl.

13.______(他们)arestudents.

14.Ilike_____(你们).

15.Whatis____(它)?

16.Lookat______(他们).______(他们)aredrawing

pictures.

17.Does______(他)oftenhelp_______(你们)?

18.Could______(你）show______(我)yournewbooks.

19.Let_____(我们)goandsee______(她).

20.Mysisterisgoingtogive______(他)adictionary.

28

课后作业

一.按要求填入正确的代词

it______(宾格)her_______(主格）

me_____(主格)we_______(宾格）

you____(主格）him_______(主格）

they_____(宾格）she_______(宾格)

二.用单词的正确形式填空

1.Thisboycan'trideabike.Hismotherhelps_____(he).

2.——What'swrongwith_____(he)?

——_____can'tfndhisbook.

3.MissLiteaches______(we)English.

4.Can____(I)eat_____(they)?

5.Let_____(we)cleantheclassroom.

6.Lookat_____(we).____(we)arecleaningtheclassroom.

7.Mum,let____(I)help_____(you)withyourhousework.

8.Icantake_____(he)tothepark.

9.Theshoesarenice.Can____(I)try____(they)on.

10._____(I)havegoodfriend.HisnameisMike.

11.____(she)ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_____(she).

12.Thesenewhousesaresonice.______(they)arevery

expensive.

13.Mikeismyfriend._____(he)isgoodatEnglish.

29

第五讲物主代词

课前单词拼读练习

物主代词？

Thisismybook.

Thisbookismine.

形容词性物主代词my

名词性物主代词mine

30

物主代词？

形容词性物主代词？名词性物主代词？

Thisismybook.

形容词性➕名词

物主代词

Thisbookismine.

名词性不➕名词

物主代词7

31

Thisisyourdesk.

形容词性➕名词

物主代词

Thedeskisyours.

不➕名词

名词性物

主代词

随堂巩固

一.填入适当的物主代词，让两个句子意思相同：

1.Thisismyeraser.Theeraseris_________.

2.Thisishisteapot.Thisteapotis_______.

3.Thatisherdress.Thatdressis________.

4.Thisisourclassroom.Thisclassroomis_____.

5.Thosearetheirbooks.Thosebooksare_______.

32

二.填入适当的物主代词

1.Thisisagirl.________nameisLily.

2.Iamastudent.______nameisMary.

3.Wecomefrom(来自)China.Welove_________homeland.(祖国)

4.Thisismybrother._____legisbroken(受伤).

5.Ihaveagoodfriend.____