新教材高中英语UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage课件新人教版选择性

UNIT

1

SCIENCE

AND

SCIENTISTSSection

Ⅱ

Learning

About

Language（表语从句）1.（教材P2）Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.2.（教材P5）Youmaynotbelieveit,butthatwaswhathappenedattheinitialstageofourgroup’sresearchondevelopingavaccineformalaria.3.（教材P5）WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhythe1854outbreakofcholerainLondoncouldhavecausedover500deathswithintendays.4.（教材P5）Werealisedthatwhatwecaredaboutwasnotwhataspectweneededtodevelopatheoryin,butratherhowwecanreducethecostofavaccinewithoutreducingiseffect!观察并归纳：1.所有例句中的黑体部分都位于__________后，作表语，故都是_________，这些表语从句在词性上相当于一个______。系动词be表语从句名词2.句（1）由从属连词______引导；句（2）由连接代词______引导；句（3）由连接副词_____引导；句（4）由连接代词_____引导。thatwhatwhywhat表语从句放在系动词（也称连系动词）之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。一般结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。类别引导词用法从属连词that只起连接作用，不作句子成分,无实际意义whether只起连接作用,不作句子成分，意为“是否”，不能用if替换类别引导词用法连接代词who,what,whom,whose,which等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等连接副词when,where,why,how等在从句中作状语其他连词because主句主语一般不用reasonasif/asthough表语从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时，常用虚拟语气续表从属连词that的用法：①无意义；②不充当成分。而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question,trouble,problem,result,chance,suggestion,idea,reason等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn’tbeeninformed.他缺席的原因是他没被通知。Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

1.由连接词that,whether引导的表语从句Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.她不能理解的是越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。误区警示if不能引导表语从句。

2.由连接代词引导的表语从句

在连接代词who,what,which,whom,whose等引导的表语从句中，连接代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，并且不能省略。Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去。

Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作。That’swhatheisworryingabout.

那就是他在担心的事。That’swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的。

3.由连接副词引导的表语从句在连接副词when,where,why,how等引导的表语从句中，连接副词在从句中作状语。Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.去把衣服拿来。就在你原来放的地方。Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我既没雨衣也没伞。那就是我湿透的原因。Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠每年是怎样损害大量粮食的。

4.由从属连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了。That’sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事。Itseemsasthoughhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案。why和because引导的表语从句的区别That’swhy...意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果That’sbecause...意为“那是因为……”强调原因Ididn’tphoneher,andthat’swhyshegotangrywithme.（强调“没打电话”这一结果）我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。Ididn’tphoneher,andthat’sbecauseIgotangrywithher.（强调“生气”这一原因）我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。易混辨析误区警示reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice,suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等,从句谓语形式是“should+动词原形”（should可以省略）。Myadviceisthatyou（should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.我的建议是你（应该）尽可能多地练习说英语。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。

5.表语从句中的虚拟语气Ⅰ.单句填空1.Hegotcaughtintheheavytraffic.Thatwas________hewaslate.why2.Energyis_________makesthingswork.what3.Wedidn’tsetout;itwas____________wewantedtowaituntilourmothercameback.because4.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis_________onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.that5.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot_________shipsarebuiltfor.what6.Thetroubleis_________Icantfindmyway.that7.Whathewantstoknowis____________wecanfinishourworkbytomorrowmorning.whether8.ThereasonwhyIwassadwas_________hedidn’tunderstandme.that9.Thatis_________wearelookingforwardto.what10.Theproblemis________isreallyfitforthehardjob.who11.That’s__________Ifirstmether,thesmallbeautifulpark.where12.Hissolerequirementwas_________thesystemwork.that13.Thefirsttimewemeteachotherwas_________westudiedinthatschool.when14.Thereisnodoubtthatthat’s________Iobjecttotheplan.whyⅡ.完成句子1.困难是我们资金短缺。Thetroubleis_______________________________.thatweareshortofmoney2.这就是新英格兰牧场用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。Thatis_______________________________________________aroundNewEnglandfields.whystonewallsareusedinsteadoffences3.听起来好像有人在敲门。Itsounds__________________________________________.asifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor4.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。Atthattime,itseemed______________________________________________anyhow.asifIcouldn’tthinkoftherightword5.问题是她把他的钱弄丢了。Thetroubleis________________________________.thatshehaslosthismoney6.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。Thequestionis___________________________________.whetherweneedmoreicecreamⅠ.单句语法填空1.—Areyoualocalpersoninthecountryside?—IwasborninWashingtonD.C.,butthisis__________Igrewup.where2.Hewenttothehospitalforamedicalexamination.Andthatis________hewasabsentfromthemeeting.why3.Manypeoplearenotfullyawareofthedamagethatitdoestotheirhealth.Thisis________wechosethispictureasourlogo.why4.Themixtureofbetterjobs,specialgovernmentpoliciesandhavingsponsorsforstudyingabroadis_________liesbehindthechangestoChina’sbraindrain.whatthat6.Thereasonwhyshepreferredcitylifeis_________shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.that7.AllthemistakesIevermadeinmylifewere_________Iwantedtosay“No”andsaid“Yes”.when8.—Iheardyouwantedtostudyfurtherinaforeigncollege.—Yes,that’s________ItrymybesttolearnEnglishwell.why9.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis_________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.what10.—Ourcountryisdevelopingatanamazingspeed!—Yes.Thisis_________makesmefeelsoproud.what11.Whatmadetheschoolproudwas_________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.thatthat13.Thismodernhotel,inwhichthevisitorscanenjoythebestserviceinthecity,is__________Marystayedlasttime.where14.WhatTom’sparentsreallydoubtis____________hewillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.whether15.WhatamazedtheNBAworldis_________KobeBryantscored81pointsjustinonegame.thatⅡ.句型转换1.Thatitwastoovaluableforeverydayusewasaproblem.→_________________________itwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.Theproblemwasthat2.ThisisthethingthatIwanttotellyou.→Thisis____________________________.whatIwanttotellyou3.Myideaistostartmakingpreparationsrightnow.→Myideais________________________makingpreparationsrightnow.thatIshouldstart4.Whetherthefilmisworthseeingisaquestion.→____________________________thefilmisworthseeing.Thequestioniswhether5.YouarenotthemanwhoIthoughtyouwere.→Youarenot____________________________.whatIthoughtyouwereⅢ.完成句子1.真正重要的不在于别人怎么看待你,而在于你怎么看待你自己。（表语从句）Whatreallymattersis______________________________________________________________.nothowothersthinkofyoubuthowyouthinkofyourselfthatthedevicewasinventedbyahighschoolstudent3.问题是你能否在大多数人反对的情况下坚持自己的观点。（表语从句）Theproblemis________________________________________________whilemostpeopleareagainstit.whetheryoucansticktoyourpointofview4.我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案,那就是为什么我写信发表我自己观点。IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat’s_________________________________________.whyI’mwritingtovoicemyopinion5.事实是地球表面超过百分之七十都是被水覆盖的。（表语从句）______________________morethanseventypercentoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.ThatfactisthatⅠ.阅读理解turntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1933,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andhebecameoneofthe6full-timepeople（Einsteinwasoneoftheothers）.WorldWarⅡhugelychangedvonNeumann’sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.DuringthelastpartoftheVonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway,“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”1.Accordingtothetext,vonNeumann’sfatherbelievedthat______.A.amathematiciancouldn’tearnalotofmoneyB.amathematicianneededagoodmemoryC.vonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametimeD.vonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeedA2.VonNeumannpublishedhisfirstbookattheageof______.A.23 B.26 C.29 D.32C[解析]【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段中的In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineering可知，他出生在1903年。然后由第二段中的Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.可以计算出他第一本书出版是在他29岁时，所以答案选C。3.HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?(

)A.Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B.Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C.Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D.Helostinterestinchemistry.B[解析]【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】由第三段中的Duringandafterthewar,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicstheoriesintopractice.可知，在战争期间和战后他开始把数学理论应用于实践，所以B项正确。4.WhatcanweconcludeaboutvonNeumannbasedonthetext?(

)A.Hehadthreechildren.B.Hediedinanaccident.C.Hereceivedmanyawardsinhislife.D.HeandEinsteinwereclassmatesatPrincetonUniversity.C[解析]【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段中的Hereceivedmanyawards可知C项正确。Ⅱ.语法填空toquithasbeenshiftsproductionas/sonecessarilyflewtheboomingairtravelbroughtthedemandfortwin-engineplanesthatcanflynon-stopto9_________peoplewanttotravel.AnAirbusspokespersonsaidtheA380wasa“passengermagnet”,andhewas10_______________（disappoint）thattheairline’smisunderstoodandmarketeditpoorly.wheredisappointed1.____________toquit[解析][语篇解读]本文介绍了空中客车公司生产的A380飞机的历史和面临的问题。考查非谓语动词。句意：飞机制造商空中客车公司宣布，计划停止生产其著名的A380飞机。此处用不定式作后置定语修饰plans，故填toquit。2._____________hasbeen[解析]考查时态。句意：A380是世界上最大的客机，已经在役12年了。根据时间状语for12years以及前面的时态可知，应使用现在完成时。故用hasbeen。3.___________shifts[解析]考查名词的数。句意：然而，乘客需求的变化意味着大型四引擎客机的时代已经结束。shift作“改变”讲时为可数名词，在此处应用复数形式。4._______________production[解析]考查名词。句意：空中客车公司决定停止生产541座的A380客机。设空处在句中作stop的宾语，故用名词形式。5.__________as/so[解析]考查固定搭配。分析句子可知，此处为notso/as…as…结构。6.________________necessarily[解析]考查副词。设空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。7._________flew[解析]考查时态。句意：A380于2005年4月首次飞行。句子中有明显表示过去的时间状语，时态应用一般过去时。8.________the[解析]考查冠词。thenumberof…意为“……的数量”。10._________________disappointed[解析]考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用disappoint的形容词形式，设空处修饰人，故用disappointed。9.__________where[解析]考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从