考研模考英语二试卷及答案解析

考研英语模考试卷

ReadingComprehension

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(100points)

Text1

第1段:Theworld'srichest1%areoncoursetocontrolasmuchastwo-thirdsoftheworld's

wealthby2030,accordingtoashockinganalysis.Worldleadersarebeingwarnedthatthe

continuedaccumulationofwealthatthetopwillfuelgrowingdistrustandangeroverthecoming

decadeunlessactionistakentorestorethebalance.

第2段：AnalarmingprojectionproducedbytheHouseofCommonslibrarysuggeststhatif

trendsseensincethe2008financialcrashweretocontinue,thenthetop1%willhold64%ofthe

world'swealthby2030.Since2008,thewealthoftherichest1%hasbeengrowingatanaverage

of6%ayear—muchfasterthanthe3%growthinwealthoftheremaining99%oftheworld's

population.Shouldthatcontinue,thetop1%wouldholdwealthequatingto$305tn(£216.5tn)一

upfrom$140tntoday.

第3段：Analystssuggestwealthhasbecomeconcentratedatthetopbecauseofrecent

incomeinequality,higherratesofsavingamongthewealthy,andtheaccumulationofassets.The

wealthyalsoinvestedalargeamountofequityinbusinesses,stocksandotherfinancialassets,

whichhavehandedthemdisproportionatebenefits.

第4段：Amajorproblemwiththeinfluenceexertedbytheverywealthyleadstofalling

levelsoftrust.InanewpollingbyOpinium,participantswereaskedtoselectagroupthatwould

havethemostpowerin2030,andmost(34%)saidthesuper-rich,while28%optedfornational

governments.Thosesurveyedsaidtheyfearedtheconsequencesofwealthinequalitywouldbe

risinglevelsofcorruption(41%)orthe"super-richenjoyingunfairinfluenceongovernment

policy,,(43%).

第5段：TheresearchabovewascommissionedbyLiamByrne,theformerLabourcabinet

minister,aspartofagatheringofMPs,academics,businessleaders,tradeunionsandcivilsociety

leadersfocusedonaddressingtheproblem.

第6段：Byrne,whoorganisedthefirstOECD(OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationand

Development)globalparliamentaryconferenceoninclusivegrowth,cautionedthatthealready

tiltedscaleofworld,swealthwasaboutto“takeitslaststraw».“Ifwedon'ttakestepstorewrite

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therulesofhowoureconomieswork,thenwecondemnourselvestoafuturethatremainsunequal

forgood,“hesaid."That'smorallybad,andeconomicallydisastrous,riskinganewexplosionin

instability,corruptionandpoverty.^^

第7段DannyDorling,professorofgeographyattheUniversityofOxford,saidthescenario

inwhichthesuper-richaccumulatedevenmorewealthby2030wasarealisticone."Evenifthe

incomeofthewealthiestpeopleintheworldstopsrisingdramaticallyinthefuture,theirwealth

willcontinuetogrowfbronetotwomoredecades^^hesaid.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatwouldhappenby2030

A.Worldleaderswouldberelievedoftheirposition.

B.Publicangeratthewealthiestwouldbereconciled.

C.Therichestwouldpocketoverhalfoftheworld'swealth.

D.Thepoorwoulddemonstratetheirpowerthroughprotest.

2.Itissuggestedthattheother99%oftheworld'spopulation.

A.wasfarmoreimpactedbythe2008financialcrisisthantherichest1%

B.couldhardlycatchupwiththeother1%inwealthdespitemoderategrowth

C.hastodoubleitsincreaserateinwealthtoachieveaproportionaldistribution

D.needstoexpandtheirinvestmentinbusinessandotherfinancialassets

3.TheresultsfromOpinium'snewpollingarementionedto.

A.demonstratepeople'sdecliningfaithingovernmentsectors

B.explainthesupremepowerpossessedbythesuper-rich

C.expressthegrowingconcernoverpoliticalcorruption

D.revealunfairpolicy-makinginfavorofthesuper-rich

4.Theexpression"takeitslaststrawrsclosestinmeaningto.

A.collapseundertheultimateburden

B.takethelastopportunity

C.faceademandingchallenge

D.completeitsfinalprocess

5.AccordingtoDannyDorling,thecurrenttrendofwealthaccumulationamongthesuper-rich

is.

A.dramatic

B.questionable

C.idealistic

D.unstoppable

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Text2

第1段：Thenumberofpeopleforcedtofleetheirhomesrosetoarecordhighin2017,with

16.2millionpeoplenewlydisplacedaroundtheworld.Thefigureincludespeoplewhohavebeen

displacedforthefirstlime,andthosewhohavebeenforcedfromtheirhomesmultipletimes.

第2段:Thefigureof68.5milliondisplacedpeople—3millionhigherthanthetotal

populationoftheUK-includes25.4millionrefugees,40millioninternallydisplacedand3.1

millionasylumseekers.Theincreasecamedespitethereturnofmorethan5milliondisplaced

peopletotheircountriesoforigins.

第3段Despiteitslargenumber,displacedpopulationinsomesenseisnotaubiquitousissue.

Theannualfigures,compiledbytheUNrefugeeagency,UNHCR(UnitedNationsHigh

CommissionerfbrRefugees),sawfivecountriesaccountingfbrtwo-thirdsofallrefugees

(excludingthosedefinedaslong-termPalestinianrefugees):Syria(6.3million);Afghanistan(2.6

million);SouthSudan(2.4million);Myanmar(1.2million)andSomalia(986,400).

第4段：ThenewfiguresemergedaftertheactoranddirectorAngelinaJolie,aspecialenvoy

fbrtheUNagency,warnedofafundingshortfallfbrtheagency'sworkinSyria-thelargestgroup

ofdisplaced.SpeakingduringavisittoDomizCampinIraqonSunday,hometo33,000refugees

displacedbytheSyrianwar,Jolietoldapressconferencethattheagency'sappealfbrSyrian

refugeeswashugelyunderfundedevenincomparisonwithlastyear.

第5段：WhenUNHCR'sSyriaresponsewasonly50%fundedlastyear,andthisyearitis

only17%funded,thereareterriblehumanconsequences.Weshouldbeundernoillusionsabout

this.Whenthereisevennotthebareminimumofaid,refugeefamiliescannotreceiveadequate

medicaltreatment,womenandgirlswillbeleftvulnerabletosexualviolence,manychildren

cannotgotoschool,andwesquandertheopportunityofbeingabletoinvestinrefugeessothat

theycanacquirenewskillsandsupporttheirfamilies.

第6段：Thenewtotalscomeattheendofadecadeofsharplyrisingnumbersofdisplaced,

whichhaveriseninexorablyfrommorethan42millionin2007tothecurrenttotal.Thismeans

oneinevery110peopleintheworldiscurrentlydisplaced,withmostofthesharpincrease

occurringinthelastfiveyears.

第7段：AlthoughSyriaonceagaindominatedthefigures,2017wasalsomarkedbya

significantriseindisplacedpeoplefromNorthandCentralAmerica,withincreasingnumbersof

peoplejourneyingtoseekasyluminMexicoandtheUS,evenasVenezuelanscontinuedtoflow

outtoneighbouringcountries.Thetotalsalsosawthesixthsuccessiveyearofincreasesinthe

numberofrefugeesunderUNHCR'smandate,withariseofjustunder3millionlastyeartoa

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totaljustshortof20million,thehighestknowntotaltodate.

6.Thecurrenttrendofthenumberofdisplacedpopulationistheoneof.

A.steadiness

B.fluctuation

C.decline

D.upsurge

7.Bylistingfiguresofthefivecountries,theauthorintendstoshowthat,

A.Syriahasthelargestnumberofrefugeesamongthefivecountries

B.theotherone-thirdoftherefugeescanhardlybeidentified

C.displacedpopulationconcentratesinafewnumberofcountries

D.civilconflictsaremostseriousinsomeMiddle-eastcountries

8.AccordingtoJolie,thereliefworkinSyriafacestheproblemof.

A.overpopulationofrefugees

B.inadequacyinfunding

C.politicaldisagreement

D.localdisturbances

9.Whichofthefollowingwouldhappenwithoutevenminimumaid?

A.Refugeeswouldbedeprivedofthechancetoearntheirownliving.

B.Femaleswouldstandatagravedisadvantageagainstmistreatment.

C.Childrencannotbeadmittedtoschoolsopenedfornon-refugees.

D.Thespreadofepidemiccannotbecontrolledinrefugeecamps.

10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheRisingNumberofRefugeesWorldwide

B.TheDifficultyinSeekingPoliticalAsylum

C.TheCompleteFailureofUNHCR'sMandate

D.TheSeriousSituationofSyrianRefugees

Text3

第1段：Barely3percentoftheAmericanworkforcebikesorwalkstoworkwithany

frequency,despitetheobviousvirtues:decreasedrisksforobesityanddiabetes,environmental

benefitsandlowertransportationcosts.Askpeoplewhythey“eschew"what'sknownasactive

commuting,however,asmanysurveyshave,andtheprimaryreasoncitedistime.Thosethings

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taketoolong,mostsay.

第2段：They'reprobablywrong.Anewstudypublishedinajournalcalled

“TransportmetricaA:TransportScience“showsthatpeopleoftenoverestimatethetime

requiredtocommuteactively,amiscalculationespeciallycommonwhensomeonehassecureda

parkingpermitneartheoffice.

第3段：Forthestudy,researchersatPennStatesolicitedtheschooFsfaculty,staffand

studentstocompleteanextensiveseriesofonlinequestionnairesabouttheirfitness,health,

commutingandparkinghabits,comfortandabilityonabikeoraspedestrians,distancefrom

hometotheirmainworkplaceoncampusandhowlongtheythoughtitwouldtakethemtoeither

bikeorwalkthatdistance.Onlyafewofthe505respondentswentbyfootorbike;mostofthem

werestudents.Estimatesofcommutingtimeswerethencomparedwiththecorrespondingroute

timescalculatedbyGoogleMaps.Theresearchersindependentlytimedsomeoftheroutesby

walkingorridingthem.

第4段：Thesurveyparticipants—facultyandstaffmembersaboveall—provedtobe

generallypooratguessingactive-commutingtimes.About90percentoftheirestimatesweretoo

longbyatleast10minutes.ThefewassessmentsclosetoGoogle'swerealmostalwaysmadeby

ridersorwalkers.Parkingavailabilityanddistancesaffectedtheestimates.

第5段：Thosewithparkingpermits,afiercelysought-aftercampusamenity,tendedto

overestimateactive-commutingtimessignificantly;theclosersomeonelivedtotheworkplace,the

bettertheguesses.Confidencehadanoutsizeeffect,too.Thepeoplesurveyed,especiallywomen,

whohadlittlebicyclingexperienceorwhodidnotfeelphysicallyfitthoughtthatactive

commutingwouldrequireconsiderablymoretimethantheGooglecalculations.

第6段：Thestudyislimited,ofcourse,becauseitreliesonaninsular,self-selectedgroupof

respondentstoprovideinformationaboutthemselves,atopiconwhichpeoplecanbesurprisingly

unreliable.Thepublishedresultsalsodidnotdelveintosuchpressingactive-commutingconcerns

ashygiene,showersorthelogisticsofcarryingchangesofclothes.

第7段:“Butthestudy'sresultsdoindicatethattimemaybelessofabarriertoactive

commutingthanmanymightanticipate,saysMelissaBopp,anassociateprofessorofkinesiology

atPennStateandthestudy'sseniorauthor.'Tdurgeanyonewhoisconsideringbikingorwalking

toworktodoatestrun,^^shesays,perhapsonaweekend(althoughthetrafficpatternswillbe

differentfromthoseduringtheweek).Askcolleaguesforroutesuggestions.44Googleisgoodat

findingbikepathsJshesays,butitemphasizesbrevityanddirectnessoversceneryforwalkers.

11.Theword“eschew"(Para.1)mostprobablymeans.

A.breach

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B.guard

C.acclaim

D.avoid

12.Accordingtothe“TransportinetricaA:TransportScience",people.

A.failtocalculatetheactivecommutetimecorrectly

B.arereducedtofindingparkingspacepersonally

C.overratetherequiredtimetosecureaparkingpermit

D.makeanaccuratepredictionaboutthetimeconsumed

13.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthesurveyparticipantsaccordingtoParagraphs4and5?

A.Theirmathematicalabilityisinferiortoothers5.

B.Theinfluenceofconfidencehasbeenovervalued.

C.Parkingrightisacontributingfactortotheircalculation.

D.Theyfeelphysicallyfitbychoosinganactivecommute.

14.AccordingtoMelissaBopp,thetimeconsumedinactivecommutingmay.

A.beexaggeratedpartly

B.deservemoreattention

C.beestimatedcontinually

D.needtobestrengthened

15.MelissaBopp'sattitudetowardworkingbybikeorbyfootis.

A.indifferent

B.supportive

C.indignant

D.apprehensive

Text4

第1段：Howeffectiveareantimicrobial“courtesymasks“atpreventingthespreadof

contagiousairborneillnesses?Thebestevidencesuggeststhat,whensick,wearingamaskcan

helptoprotectothersfromgettingsick.Andwhenwell,wearingamaskaroundthosewhoare

sickwillprobablydecreaseyourownchancesofbecominginfected.Butthemasksarefarfrom

foolproof.

第2段：Courtesymasks,orwhatwedoctorsrefertoasmedicalmasks,wereintroducedinto

theoperatingroominthelate1800s.Theyquicklybecamepopularamongapubliceagerto

protectitselfagainsttheinfluenzaepidemicof1918.Acenturylater,theadventofmodern

moleculartechniquesconfirmedthatmedicalmaskscanindeedprovidegoodprotectionagainstflu.

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第3段：Ina2013study,researcherscountedthenumberofvirusparticlesintheairaround

patientswithflu.Theyfoundthatmedicalmasksdecreasedtheexhalationoflargeviraldroplets

25-fold.Themaskswere,however,lesseffectiveagainstthefineviraldropletsthatcanremain

suspendedintheairlongerandarethereforemoreinfectious,cuttingthemby2.8times.

第4段：Surgicalmasksalsoaffordfairlygoodprotectionfortheworriedwell.Inanoft-cited

studyof446nurses,researchersfoundsurgicalmaskswereasgood,ornearlyasgood,at

protectingtheweareragainstfluasbreathingapparatus,asomewhatmorehigh-tech,masklike

deviceusedinhospitals.TheworkofAustralianinvestigatorsprovidesfurthersupportforthe

valueofthesimplemedicalmask.Theyestimatethatinahomesetting,wearingasurgicalmask

decreasesawellperson'sriskofgettingsickby60percentto80percent.

第5段However,mostpeoplefailtowearamaskfaithfullyenoughtoachievethisdegreeof

protection,andtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionremainsambiguousabouttheuse

ofmasksoutsideofhealthcaresettings.t4Norecommendationcanbemadeatthistimeformask

useinthecommunitybyasymptomaticpersons,includingthoseathighriskforcomplications,to

preventexposuretoinfluenzaviruses,theagencyconcludesonitswebsite,4tIfyoudon'thavea

mask,ordon'twanttowearone,standingatleastsixfeetfromaninfectedpersonwillincrease

yourchancesforstayinghealthy.”

第6段：Theairsurroundingsickpeople,eveniftheyaren'tcoughingorsneezing,isloaded

withsmallinfectiousparticles,andthefartheryouarefromthem,thebetter.Washingyourhands

frequently,ofcourse,isalsocriticalforstayinghealthy,sincetouchinginfectedfingerstotheeyes,

noseormouthcantransmitinfection.

16.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thatwearingamask.

A.candefendthesickfromradiation

B.stillfacesthedangerofgettingsick

C.isoflittlesignificanceforthehealthy

D.enjoysavitalpositionagainstepidemics

17.Modemmoleculartechniquesverified.

A.people'sincreasedawarenessoftheflu

B.theirsignificantimpactonmedicine

C.thereliabilityofmedicalmasks

D.theurgencyoffightingagainstflu

18.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutmasks?

A.Theeffectofmasksisnolessthanthatofbreathingapparatus.

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B.Maskscanactuallyassistpeoplewithpsychologicalanxiety.

C.Masklike-devicehasgainedpopularityinhospitalsandclinics.

D.Australianinvestigatorsoffernewinsightsintomedicalmasks.

19.InParagraph5,theauthorshowshisconcernthat.

A.thehabitofwearingmaskshasnotyetbeencultivated

B.mostpeopledidn'tsucceedinaddressingsomeproblems

C.theagencyfailedtogivesomeconstructivesuggestions

D.theuseofmasksisnotgeneralizedinhealthcaresettings

20.Inanenvironmentloadedwithinfectiousparticles,people.

A.areboundtosufferfromcoughing

B.aresuggestedtotakesomeprecautions

C.areunabletobehealthybyanymeans

D.aresupposedtostayawayfromthesick

答案解析：

题号：1.【答案】C.解析：本题为事实细节题。根据题干by2030定位到第一段第一句The

world'srichest1%areoncoursetocontrolasmuchastwo-thirdsoftheworld'swealthby

2030,accordingtoashockinganalysis.【根据一项令人震惊的分析结果，世界上最富有的1%

的人到2030年将控制世界财富的三分之二。】对应C项Therichestwouldpocketoverhalfof

theworld'swealth.【最富有的人会将超过半数的世界财富收入囊中】，故为正确答案。

干扰项：A、B、D项均不符合原文。

题号：2.【答案】B。解析：本题为事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第二句Since2008,the

wealthoftherichest1%hasbeengrowingatanaverageof6%ayear-muchfasterthanthe

3%growthinwealthoftheremaining99%oftheworld'spopulation.［自2008年以来，最

富有的1%的人的财富以每年平均6%的速度增长一一比世界其余99%的人的财富增长

3%快得多。】理解句意可知最富有的1%的人已经在财富总量上远超剩余99%的人，其

财富增长速度又是剩余群体的二倍，其余99%几乎不可能赶上最富有的1%。对应B项

couldhardlycatchupwiththeother1%inwealthdespitemoderategrowth为正确项。

干扰项：A项无中生有。C项偷换概念，最富有的1%的人的财富增长速率是剩余99%的二

倍，并不是99%的人打算将其增长率翻倍。D项无中生有。

题号：3.【答案】Ao解析：本题为例证题。例证题根据题干中信息定位到原文论据位置：

第四段第二句。例证题正确答案从论点中寻找：第四段第一句Amajorproblemwith

theinfluenceexertedbytheverywealthyleadstofallinglevelsoftrust.【最富有的群体产

生的社会影响导致了民众信任度降低。】对应A项demonstratepeople,sdecliningfaithin

governmentsectors【表现了民众对政府部门信任度降低】，故为正确项。干扰项：B项无

中生有。C、D项均为具体论据，就事论事，不符合题干要求。

题号：4.【答案】A。解析：本题为词义句意题。根据题干定位到第六段第一句，但词义句

意题答案需在定位的上下文中寻找。本题答案定位到第六段第二句"Ifwedon'ttakesteps

torewritetherulesofhowoureconomieswork,thenwecondemnourselvestoafuturethat

remainsunequalforgood,"hesaid.【“如果我们不采取措施来重写经济体的运作规则，

那么我们会永远面对一个不平等的未来，"他说。】对应A项collapseunderultimate

burden【（世界财富的平衡）将会在终极压力下打破】，故为正确项。干扰项：B、C、D

均不是短语的含义，故错误。

题号：5［答案】D。解析：本题为事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段第fDannyDorling,

professorofgeographyattheUniversityofOxford,saidthescenarioinwhichthesuper-rich

accumulatedevenmorewealthby2030wasarealisticone.（牛津大学地理学教授丹启多林

说，超级富豪到2030年积累更多财富是实实在在会发生的情形。】财富不断积累是现实会

发生的，对应D项unstoppable【（当下最富有人群财富累加的趋势是）无法停止的】，

故为正确项。干扰项：A、B项不符合原文。C项与原文事实相反。

题号：6.【答案】D。解析：本题为事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第一句The

numberofpeopleforcedtofleetheirhomesrosetoarecordhighin2017,with16.2million

peoplenewlydisplacedaroundtheworld.［2017年被迫逃离家园的人数上升至历史新高，

全球新近流离失所的人数为1620万人。】题干问流离失所人数的趋势是什么，对应D项

upsurge【急剧增长】符合原文，故为正确答案。干扰项：A项【平稳】,B项【波动】，

C项【下降】，均不符合原文所描述的趋势，故错误。

题号：7.【答案】C,解析：本题为例证题。题干可定位到第三段第二句论据部分。一般来

说，例证题的正确项需在段落论点出寻找，故定位到本段第一句Despiteitslargenumber,

displacedpopulationinsomesenseisnotaubiquitousissue.【尽管流离失所人口的数量

巨大，这一问题从某种角度来说并不是一个世界性的问题。】对应C项displaced

populationconcentratesinafewnumberofcountries【流离失所人口集中在一些国家】，

符合原文意思，故为正确项。干扰项：A项就事论事，将论据本身内容作为论点，是例

证题典型错项。B项无中生有，文章未提及其他三分之一的难民，故错误。D项无中

生有，文章未提及国内冲突的因素，故错误。

题号：8［答案】B。解析：本题为事实细节题。根据题干可定位到第四段第fThenewfigures

emergedaftertheactoranddirectorAngelinaJolie,aspecialenvoyforIheUNagency,warned

ofafundingshortfallfortheagency'sworkinSyria—thelargestgroupofdisplaced.［联

合国机构特使，演员兼导演的安吉丽娜•朱莉（AngelinaJolie）警告说，该机构在最

大的流离失所者群体所在的叙利亚出现工作资金短缺，接着这个新的数字（难民总数）

便出现了。】题干问叙利亚的救济工作面临的问题是什么，对应B项inadequacyin

funding【资金不足】，符合原文，故为正确项。干扰项：A、C、D项均符合常理，但无中

生有，在文章未提及，故错误。。题号：9.【答案】Bo解析：本题为事实细节题。根据题

干可定位到第五段第三句Whenthereisevennotthebareminimumofaid,refugee

familiescannotreceiveadequatemedicaltreatment,

womenandgirlswillbeleftvulnerabletosexualviolence,manychildrencannotgotoschool,

andwesquandertheopportunityofbeingabletoinvestinrefugeessothattheycanacquire

newskillsandsupporttheirfamilies.［当最低限度的援助都没有时，难民家庭就不能得

到足够的医疗救治。此外，妇女和女孩容易遭受性暴力，许多儿童不能上学，我们也浪

费了投资难民以便他们能够获得新技能并养活他们的家人的机会。】对应B项

Femaleswouldstandatagrave

disadvantageagainstmistreatment.【女性将在虐待中处于劣势地位】，符合原文含义，故为正

确项。干扰项：A项偷换概念，原文可定位到本段第三句第四个分句，we指代救助工作者，

指救助工作者浪费了投资难民的机会，A项偷换为难民被剥夺了维持生计的机会，故错误。

C项信息错误，原文未提及难民儿童不能入学的学校类型，故错误。D项无中生有，原

文未提及。

题号：10.【答案】Ao解析：本题为主旨大意题。据最后一段第一句AlthoughSyriaonce

againdominatedthefigures,2017wasalsomarkedbyasignificantriseindisplacedpeople

fromNorthandCentralAmerica,withincreasingnumbersofpeoplejourneyingtoseek

asyluminMexicoandtheUS,evenasVenezuelanscontinuedtoflowouttoneighbouring

countries.【尽管叙利亚人再次在难民总数里占了大头，越来越多的人去墨西哥和美国寻

求庇护，委内瑞拉人继续流向邻

国，2017年北美和中美地区流离失所者人数仍大幅增加。］此处点明了文章主题，即世界范

围内难民数量都在增加，即对应A项TheRisingNumberofRefugeesWorldwide.故为正

确答案。干扰项：B、C、D项均不是文章中心，以偏概全，错误。B项【寻求政治

避难的困难】，C项【UNHCR条令的彻底失败】，D项【叙利亚难民的严峻处境】。

题号：11.【答案】D。解析：本题为词义句意题。根据题干可定位至第一段第二句Ask

peoplewhytheyeschewwhat'sknownasactivecommuting,however,asmanysurveys

have,andtheprimaryreasoncitedistime.【然而很多调查发现，当被问及为什么不选择

这些所谓的“活跃通勤”方式时，人们提到的主要因素是时间。】前面说为什么

活跃通勤。活跃通勤是一

种健康的出行方式，那人们一定是没有选择这种方式，并且后面也给出解释，原因是没时间。

所以D项为正确答案。干扰项：A项【违反/破坏】，B项【保卫/监视】，C项【欢呼/喝

彩工

题号：12.【答案】A。解析：本题为细节题。根据题干中的TransportmetricaA:TransportScience

可定位至第二段第二句peopleoftenoverestimatethetimerequiredtocommuteactively,a

miscalculationespeciallycommonwhensomeonehassecuredaparkingpermitneartheoffice.[A

们往往高估了活跃通勤所需的时间，在办公室附近拥有停车许可证的人尤其会做出错误估

计。）未能正确计算活跃通勤所需的时间。failtocalculate对应文中的miscalculation。故

A项为正确答案。干扰项：B项【人们沦落到只能亲自找停车位】文中是人们在办公室

附近有停车位。C项【高估获得停车许可证所需的时间】张冠李戴，高估的是活跃通勤，

也就是骑自行车或者步行所需时间。D项【准确预测花费的时间】语义错误，文中是

rWi估。©

题号：13.【答案】C。解析：本题为细节题。根据题干可定位至第四、五段。Parkingavailability

anddistancesaffectedtheestimates.【停车权和距离对估计有所影响。】C项中的parking

right对应文中的parkingavailability,calculation对应文中的estimateso故C为正确答案。

干扰项:A项【他们的数学能力不如别人。],文中提到provedtobegenerallypoorat

guessingactive-commutingtimes.【在估算活跃通勤用时方面大都很糟。!并不是他们的

数学能力差。B项【信心的影响力被高估了。】，文中是Confidencehadanoutsizeeffect.

【信心也会产生巨大影响。】并没有高估。D项【他们通过选择活跃通勤感到身体健康。】，

文中提至ljThepeoplesurveyed,especiallywomen,whohadlittlebicyclingexperienceor

whodidnotfeelphysicallyfitthoughtthatactivecommutingwouldrequireconsiderably

moretimethantheGooglecalculations.

【没有骑车经验或觉得身体不适的受访者，尤其是女性，对活跃通勤的用时的估计大大高于

谷歌的计算。】用文中的个别词进行干扰。实则无中生有。

题号：14.隋案】A。解析：本题为细节题。根据题干可定位至最后一段第一句"Butthestudy'

sresultsdoindicatethattimemaybelessofabarriertoactivecommutingthanmanymight

anticipate,"【"这项研究结果确实表明，与许多人的预期不同，时间对活跃通勤的阻碍并

不是很大，”】通勤时间在一定程度上被夸大了。故A项为正确答案。干扰项：B项【值

得更多关注】，C项【不断估计】，D项【需要加强】均无中生有。

题号：15.【答案】B。解析：本题为观点态度题。根据题干可定位至最后一段。I,durgeanyone

whoisconsideringbikingorwalkingtoworktodoatestrun.【我会敦促那些考虑骑车或步

行上班的人进行一次试骑或试走。】Googleisgoodatfindingbikepaths,butit

emphasizesbrevityanddirectnessoversceneryforwalkers.【谷歌彳艮擅长寻找骑行路线，

但谷歌偏重寻找简洁和直接的路线，不太关注步行者看到的风景。】说明步行可以看到很

多风景，所以MelissaBopp对于骑车或步行去上班是支持的。故B项supportive【支

持的】为正确答案。干扰项：A项indifferent【漠不关心的】，C项indignant【愤怒的/愤

慨的】，D项apprehensive【忧虑的】均不符合此处态度。

题号：16.【答案】B。解析：本题为细节推断题。根据题干可定位至第一段末句Butthe

masksarefarfromfoolproof.【但口罩绝非万无一失。]foolproof【（方法、计划、系统

等设计得）万无一失的，肯定成功的】，如果不认识这个单词，我们也可以根据but转

折句，前后语义转折进行推断。前一句说Andwhenwell,wearingamaskaroundthose

whoaresickwillprobably

decreaseyourownchancesofbecoming健康者在患者周围时戴口罩很可能会降低被

infected.[

感染的几率。】这里说了戴口罩的作用。那么转折后面就是相反的意思。但是，戴口罩仍然面

临