介词-2020-2021学年高中英语语法记忆框架版

介词分词concerning,considering,given,including,regarding,etc.

一.概述

介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子由其他词类形容词或副词like,near,opposite,round,next,etc.

成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。转用连词than,but（除...之外）,etc.

介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分名词despite（不顾；不管）,etc.

为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。、

①Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.（状语）

②Thismachineisingoodcondition.（表语）三.一些常用介词的基本用法

③Whereisthekeytomybike?（兔语）attheseaside;atmyuncle's;atOxford.

©Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers.（宾补）位置、场所、地点］在、于、至4、atthefoot[top]ofthemountain;atadistance;

经由attheendofthestreet在街头

二.介词的分类atthemeeting;atthewedding

（1）从用法分类atteno'clock；at（theageof）forty；

；

介词类型例词例句在某时间:时刻、年节、年龄atthebeginningofthemonthatChristmas;

atdawn;atdaybreak;atnoon;atnight;at

表示方位at,before,behind,below,etc.Theremustbesomethingbehindit.

midnight

表示时间about,after,al,before,by,etc.Hecamehomeafter3days.［条件、情况、状态］在…中，在…atwar：atyourconvenience：atthework;

表示原因、目的for,with,from,etc.Hediedfromcancer.下，以…方式atyourpleasure随处方便，由你决定

athighpressure在高压下

表示对于to,for,over,at,with,etc.Thebookisreallydifficultforme.向，对（表示动作的方向或目标）Iwishyou'dcomeandlookatmydrawing.

1.OldMr.Smithstaredathisyoungestson.

by,in,with,etc.Iwilldefendthemotherlandwithmylife.

表示手段、方式at为，对于（表示引起某种情绪的Helookedsurprisedatseeingus.

but,besides,except,etc.WeallwenttothesupermarketexceptTom.原因）Hewasveryangryatlosingthegame.

表示除去Ihadasmallroom,atacostoffifteencentsper

表示比较as,like,above,over,than,etc.Theyunitedasoneman.表示价格，数量，速度等night.

Hesellstheclothaladollarameter.

表示结果to,with,without,etc.Mancan'tlivewithoutwater.Thecarisrunningatitstopspeed.

在某方面Sheisquitecleveratdrawing.

Heisanexpertatrepairing.

（2）从结构分类

atamouthful一□（就吞下）ateverystep每走一步

介词分类构成例词1动作的姿态，常不译出］以，用

after,at,on,in,during,since,till,across,over,through,past,atatime一次；not...atall;atallcosts不惜一切代

只有单独一个near,to,above,by,for,down,from,of,off,behind,below,

简单介词价;atanyrate不管怎样;atfirstsight乍一看;

词的介词beneath,beside,between,beyond,up,with,about,against,atheart在内心里；atlast;atleast;atmost;

along,among,around,etc.atonce马上，立亥U;atpresent目前，现在；

词组或固定搭配

由两个单词into,inside,onto,outside,throughout,towards,upon,within,atthesametime同时；

合成介词

合成M介词without,etc.atthetopofone'svoice高声地；

attimes有时候，间或;atwork在工作，起作用；

accordingto,awayfrom,downto,insideof,nearto,opposite

形容词，分词atworst在最坏情况下

或副词+介词to,owingto,etc.

短语介词

连词+介词asfor,asto,becauseof,etc.关于Whatareyoutalkingabout?

Ireadaboutitintoday'snewspaper.

介词+介词（又fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween,

在…周围，围绕Therewasawhitefenceaboutthehouse.

称双重介词）etc.

Iwentcloser,andheputhisarmsaboutme.

介词+名词+介bymeansof,infrontof,inspiteof,onaccountof,with2..在…范围内，到AfterteaIwanderedaloneaboutthetown.

词regardto,etc.about处HewalkedfbrthreehoursabouttheLondonstreet.

其他thanksto,etc.在…附近，在身边Thestreetsabouttheparkareveryclean.

Shelikestohaveherchildrenabouther.8.在…中间，Thegreatleaderpreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.

amongDividethemoneyamongthesixofyou.

在身上，Doyouhavetwohundredyuanaboutyou?

1happentohaveapencilaboutme.Thetownliesamongthemountains.

seeabout负责处理；setabout开始着手做某事在…当中，是…中间Shelleyisamongtheworld'sgreatestpoets.

词组或固定搭配

whatabout;howabout;beabout的一个Parisisamongthelargestcitiesintheworld.

（和反身代词等连用）Thethreeboysdiscussedthematteramongthemselves.

（指时间）在…之后Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?

AftersendingthatletterIrealizedhowstupidIwas.相互间，共同，一起Amongthem,theycollectedoverahundredpounds.

3.

（指空间）在…后面Heenteredtheroomafterhisfather.

afterHecalledaftermethreeorfourtimes.在…的周围Therewasafencearoundtheyard.

模仿：依照Pleasereadafterme.9.环绕Theywalkedaroundthetown.

以…命名Theboywasnamedafterhisuncle.aroudaround20people大约20A

afterall毕竟,究竟；afterdark天黑之后;beafter想得到，大约，左右comearoundfour大约在4点钟来

寻求，追求；追求，设法得到；照顾，照Therearearound80pyramidsinEgypt.

词组或固定搭配goafterlookafter

看；

一个接一个地

oneafteranother在…前面Hesatbeforethefiretowarmherself.

Iwillnothaveyoutalkingthatwaybeforethechildren.

10.

.在…上方Themoonwasnowabovethetreesintheeast.Itbegantorainjustbeforemidnight.

before

Theshelfshouldbesixfeetabovethelevelofthefloor.在…以前HehadcometoEuropebeforetheoutbreakofthewar.

4.Hewaitedalittlewhilebeforemakinguphismind.

在...之上，比…Thetemperaturewasonlyadegreeabovezero.

above高于，起过Heisaheadaboveme.Beforeentering.Holmesmadeanexaminationofthedoor.

不久；提前，早

Above200peopleweretherewhenthefirebrokeout.词组或固定搭配beforelonglongbefdre;befbre(one's)time

Allchildrenabovesixyearsofagemustgotoschool.到

词组或固定搭配aboveall

在…后面，到…Thereisagardenbehindthehouse.

后面Thedogwasrunningbehinditsmaster'sbicycle.

穿过，跨过（从一边到另一边）Thereisnobridgeacrosstheriver.

5.HehurriedacrossthebridgetoWaterloo.11.Hewasbehindtheothersinability.

across在（河，街等的）另一边behind

Thebusstopisjustacrosstheroad.比…晚NewYorkistwelvehoursbehindPekinginlime.

Acrossthestreetwasacafefullofpeople.Hearrivedattheofficetenminutesbehindme.

交叉Hesatwithhisarmsacrossthechest.词组和固定搭配behindthetimes过时,跟不上时代;behindtime晚了,晚点

Therearehundredsofsuchshopsacrossthe

在…全境，在…境内country.12.在…以下，在…Thetemperatureisbelowfreezing.

Atonepointtherailwaylinegoesacrossthebelow下面Minersworkbelowthesurfaceoftheearth.

road.

词组或固定搭配comeacross偶然碰到

13.

在…旁边

6.表示“沿着“Theytraveledalongthewestcoast.besideHewassittingbesideher.

alongTherearetreesallalongtheriverbanks.Thehouseisbesidetheriver.

表示反对关系Manyofthestudentsareagainsttheplan.besides除了Ithinkthereareninepoundsleft,besidescomepennies.

TwelvestudentspassedtheexambesidesJim.

.（表位置）靠着，Thepianostoodagainstthewall.

顶着，迎着，衬Hecouldheartherainpatteringagainstthewindows.

7.14.

着Thetreeswereblackagainstthemorningsky.在两者之间Theyplantedalotoftreesbetweenthetwobuildings.

againstHestruckherheadagainstthebranchofatree.betweenI'musuallyfreebetweenTuesdayandThursday.

预防，防备，准Wearealltakingmedicineagainstthedisease.在（三者以上的人或事SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Italy,Austriaand

备…时用Theyboughtsomewarmclothesagainstthecoldwinter.物）中，两两相互间，Germany.

Wehavetosavesomemoneyagainstoldage.共同一起Canyoutellthedifferencebetweengases,solidsand

表示对比关系Hewaselectedbyamajorityof20votesagainst10.liquids?

词组或固定搭配againstone'swill违反自己的意愿；goagainst违反，不利于

|在...之夕卜，在...的那——|ThehouseisbeyondIhebridge.

边（更远处）Thesunsetsbeyondthedistanthills.]sidebyside并肩地，并排地;

15.18

超出（能力，范围等）Thenoisychildisbeyondhercontrol.沿着…向下Togetherwewalkeddownthestairs.

beyondTodothiswasquitebeyondmyability.downTheboatssailupanddowntheriver.

Thisismuchtooexpensivebeyondmyincome.Iwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenhecalledmefrombehind.

超过Ishallnotstaybeyondhalfanhour.沿着…Theywalkeddownthepathforhalfanhourbeforetheygottothe

Thereweren'tbeyondtwentypeoplepresent.lake.

到…以后，比…晚Don'tstaytherebeyondmidnight.

Heneverseesbeyondthepresent.19.在一段时间内，在某时Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.

during期内Notaworddidtheysayduringthemeal.

表示“除去，除开“，多和1neversawhimreadinganythingbutnewspaper.Hekeptsilentallthetimeduringthediscussion.

nothing,notanything,nobody,Everyonehasknowsitbutyou.

nowhere,who,all等连用，前Putitanywherebutonthefloor.除去，除了.可以接Everybodyisagainsttheplanexceptyou.

16以接名词，代词，介词短语，Shelooksanythingbutwell.20.名词，代词，介词短WegothereeverydayexceptSunday.

but形容词，不定式等Wehadnochoicebuttowait.except语，不定式，从句Heseldomwentanywhereexcepttohisoffice.

Hedidnothingbutsleep.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.

词组和固定搭配:butfor…要ButfbrtherainweshouldhavehadapleasantThissuitfitsmewellexceptthatthetrousersaretoolong.

不是…（句子谓语多用虚拟语journey.Henevercametoseemeexceptwhenhewasintrouble.

气）Butforhishelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedtheworkexcept主要用来谈论不同类Wehadapleasanttime,exceptfbrtheweather.

intime.for的东西，在说明情况Theroomisalmostemptyexceptfbrachair.

后作细节上的修正，

有时含有惋惜之意。

在…旁边，从...旁边（经过）Iputthevasebackonthetabicbythewindow.

Hewalkedbytheotherswithoutlookingatthem.

Hehadanoperationfbraheartdisease.

通过，经由，取道Herosequicklyandwentoutbyanotherdoor.为了

1shallreturnpossiblybyDublin.TheywentforaholidaybytheBlackSea.

Franceisfamousfbritswines.

在（某时）前，到…时为止BylastFridaywehadstayedherefbrmorethantendays.因为，由于

BynextFridayIwillhavefinishedthework.1amashamedofmyselffbrnothavingwrittenalettertoyou.

21.Youaretoooldforthekindofworkyouaredoing.

表示动作的执行者Areallthesegoodmadebymachine?对于

Hewaspunishedbytheteacherfbrbeinglate.forHehadmuchrespectforMr.Smith.

17.表示手段或方式，可译为Itisnineo'clockbymywatch.供…用的，给…的Doyouhaveaseatforme?

by“通过…，用…，以…，按Byhelpingthemwearehelpingtosaveourselves.Thereisnomoreroomforsuchabagatthebackofthecar.

照…”Hetaughthimselftoplaytheviolinbypractisingallnight.就…来说，作为…Theweatherwasverycoldforthetimeoftheyear.

来说Forsoyoungamanhehasexperiencedsomuch.

表示工具Ireturnedtotownbytrain.

Shecalledhimupbytelephonetothankhim.表示买卖或交换Nobodyiswillingtoworkfbrnothing.

Iwantapieceofpaper3inchesby5inches.关系Isoldthehousefor100dollars.

表示尺寸，距离等，相当于Mostoftheroomsofthisbuildingareusedforoffices.

Thisroomisfortyfeelbytwenty.作为（意思接近as）

“乘以”Doyoutakemefbrafbol?

和seize,take,hold等动词连Sheseizedthechildbythecollar.前往（某目的地）IwillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

用，说明接触身体的哪一部Hecameforwardandshookmebythehand.HeistostartforSanFanciscoincoupleofdays.

分Themangrabbedhimbythearm.表示时间长度或ForfiveyearsSmithhadlivedaloneatDanversStreet.

距离Formilesandmileyouseenothingbuttrees.

（指数量）按…计算Thesecigarettesaresoldbyweight.

Sugarissoldbythepound,andpetrolbythegallon.赞成，主张，支持Mostpeopleinthetownarefortheplanofthegovernment.

.表示数量增减或差别的程Welostthematchbyonegoal.forcertain/sure肯定地,确切地，有把握地;forfearof唯恐,

度HeisolderbyfiveyearsthanJohn.担心；foroneself为自己，§§forsale供出售;

forshort简称；forthepurposeof为…的目的；

byaccident偶然地；bychance偶然地，碰巧；词组或固定搭配

bymeansof借助壬靠；bymistake由于误会，弄错了；forthemoment一时间，暂时；forthepresent就现在来说，暂

时;暂时;

词组和固定搭配byoneself单独地，独立地；bytheway顺便说；forthetimebeing

byturns轮流；learnbyheart记熟；

onebyone一个接,个地;littlebylittle一点点地;|从…,由…,IThesoundcamefromthekitchen.

自...，从…来Lunchisfromeleventotwo.inperson亲自，本人；inpublic公开地；

Someonefromthepolicestationwantstoseeyou.inshort/inaword总之；inspiteof尽管；

22.离…侑多远）ThetownissixtymilesfromLondoninthecourseof在…过程中；intheend最后；

fromItisonlyafewstepsfromheretothepostoffice.intheleast——点儿；inthemeantime与止匕同时；

intime及时地；inturn轮流；

由于，因…Weareallweakfromhungernow.

Ihavegotdarkringsundermyeyesfromlackofsleep.

（阻止）使不做某事，Stoptheboyfromdestroyingtheflowers.进入，到里面Comeintotownwithmeandhearaconcert.

（保护）使不受…（之TherewasnothingtopreventherfromgoingbacktoAlookofjoycameintohiseyes.

害）

London.（时间）持续到，进行到Theydiscussedtheirplanalldayandfarintothenight.

和一（不同）,Heisquitedifferentfromhisbrotherincharacter.24.Thewarlastedintothiscentury.

和…（有区别）Canyoutellonetwinfromtheother?into（表示状态的改变）成Whenitisboiled,waterchangesintosteam.

为

从…（判断），根据…Fromhisappearance,youwouldn'tthinkhewasold.CanyoutranslatetheletterintoEnglishforme?

FromwhatJohntoldme,they'reveryrich.Allthechildrenburstintolaughter.

frombadtoworse越来越糟，每况愈下；进入（某种状态）Sheburstintotearswhensheheardthenews.

从头至尾；

frombeginningtoend分为（若干块，份等）Thedishbrokeintomanypieces.

fromheadtofoot从头到脚，全身；Thecakeisdivided