2009年12月PRETCO(A级)-阅读理解部分真题解析及解题方法

2009年12月PRETCO(A级)阅读理解部分真题解析及解题方法(一)(保留原题号，a卷)PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Thispartistotestyourreadingability.Thereare5tasksforyoutofulfill.Youshouldreadthematerialscarefullyanddothetasksasyouareinstructed.Task1Directions:Afterreadingthefollowingpassage,youwillfind5questionsorunfinishedstatements,numbered36to40.Foreachquestionorstatementthereare4choicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushouldmakethecorrectchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Google,theInternetsearch-enginecompany,hasannounceditwillgivemorethantwenty-fivemilliondollorsinmoneyandinvestmenttohelpthepoor.Thecompanysaystheeffortinvolvesusingthepowerofinformationandtechnologytohelppeopleimprovetheirlives.AleemWaljiworksforG--thepartofthecompanythatgivesmoneytogoodcauses.Hesaidthecompany’sfirstprojectwillhelpidentifywhereinfectious(传染性的)diseasesaredeveloping.InsoutheastAsiaandAfrica,forexample,Gwillworkwithpartnerstostrengthenearly-warningsystemsandtakeactionagainstgrowinghealththreats.G’ssecondprojectwillinvestinwaystohelpsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesgrow.Waljisaysmicrofinance（小额信贷）isgenerallysmall,short-termloansthatcreatefewjobs.Instead,hesaysGwantstodevelopwaystobringinvestorsandownerstogethertocreatejobsandimproveeconomicgrowth.Gwillalsogivemoneytohelptwoclimate-changeprogramsannouncedearlierthisyear.Oneoftheseprogramsstudieswaystomakerenewable(再生的)energylesscostlythancoal-basedenergy.Theotherisexaminingtheeffortsbeingmadetoincreasetheuseofelectriccars.ThecreatorsofGooglehavepromisedtogiveGaboutonepercentofcompanyprofitsandonepercentofitstotalstockvalueeveryyear.AleemWaljisaysthisamountmayincreaseinthefuture.［文章大意］短文介绍谷歌公司利用信息和科技力量所实施的一揽子扶贫计划。援助找到传染病的根源；援助中小企业发展壮大以创造更多的就业机会；同时援助两个气候变化项目。谷歌承诺每年都将投入1%的利润和1%的股值用于这些扶贫计划。36.ThepurposeofGoogle’sinvestmentsisto_.A)helppoorpeopleB)developnewtechnologyC）expanditsownbusinessD)increasethepowerofinformation［答案］A)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。事实细节类考题在历次三级考试中出现的频率最高，几乎占到整个阅读考题的95%以上。事实细节题是指针对原文提到的事物、现象或理论等进行提问，它主要涉及主要人物、主要事件、主要情节、主要过程、主要的原因和结果、主要的数麐衏瞺

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0l廱c据及主要的时间和地点等内容。辨认文中事实与细节可从以下几个步骤入手：（1）先确定文章中心思想；（2）带着问题有目的去读，找出特定事实与细节。迅速确认题干中关键词/词组，到文中的相应位置周围寻找同义词/词组、近义词/词组（有时关键词/词组会以其他词性形式出现），它们往往引出所需正确答案，即运用“回文查读定位法”；（3）注意区分作者观点和事实；（4）注意句与句、段落之间表达因果、顺序等关系的连接词，比如asaresult,first,second等。一般来说，题目排列的次序与文章的结构基本是一致的，即题目需要的信息点在文章中是按顺序出现的。解题时，可首先仔细阅读题干，找出关键词或词组，然后在原文中找到相关的句子，从选项中找出与原文描述相对应的、符合原文意思的一项。依据题干信息和选项关键词ThepurposeofGoogle’sinvestmentsisto，可知答案对应句在短文的第一句“Google,theInternetsearch-enginecompany,hasannounceditwillgivemorethantwenty-fivemilliondollorsinmoneyandinvestmenttohelpthepoor.”，由此可推知正确答案为A)。37.AccordingtoAleemWalji,thecompany’sfirstprojectisto_.A)setupanewsystemtowarnpeopleofinfectiousdiseasesB)findoutwhereinfectiousdiseasesdevelopC)identifythecausesofinfectiousdiseasesD)curepatientsofinfectiousdiseases［答案］B)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词firstproject，可知答案对应句在短文第二段的第二句“Hesaidthecompany’sfirstprojectwillhelpidentifywhereinfectious(传染性的)diseasesaredeveloping.”，由此可知正确答案为B)。38.WhatkindofbusinesseswillbenefitfromG’ssecondproject?A)largeenterprisesB)cross-nationalcompaniesC)foreign-fundedcorporationsD)smallandmedium-sizedbusinesses［答案］D)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词secondproject，可知答案对应句在短文第三段的第一句“G’ssecondprojectwillinvestinwaystohelpsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesgrow.”，由此可判断出正确答案为D)。39.Fromthefourthparagraph,welearnthatGoogle’smoneyisalsoinvestedtoheip_.A)startmoreresearchprogramsB)makemoreadvancedelectriccarsC)developrenewableandcoal-basedenergyD)conductstudiesrelatedtoclimatechanges［答案］D)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词toheip，可知答案对应句在短文第四段的第一句“Gwillalsogivemoneytohelptwoclimate-changeprogramsannouncedearlierthisyear.”，由此可判断出正确答案为D)。40.FromthelastparagraphwelearnthattheinvestmentsbyGcomefrom_.A)Google’sprofitsandstockvalueB)someinternationalITcompaniesC)thecompany’sowninterestsD)localcommercialbanks频率最高，几乎占到整个阅读考题的95%以上。事实细节3［答案］A)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词toheip，可知答案对应句在短文最后一段的第一句“ThecreatorsofGooglehavepromisedtogiveGaboutonepercentofcompanyprofitsandonepercentofitstotalstockvalueeveryyear.”，由此可判断出正确答案为A)。Task2Directions:ThistaskisthesameasTask1.The5questionsorunfinishedstatementsarenumbered41to45.Yourbossholdsyourfutureprospectsinhishands.Somebossesarehardtogetalongwith.Somehaveexcellentqualificationsbutnoideawhenitcomestodealingwithpeople.Ofcourse,notallbossesarelikethat.Therelationshipyouhavewithyourbosscanbeamajorfactorindeterminingyourriseupthecareerladder.Yourbossisnotonlyyourleader,heisalsothepersonbestequippedtohelpyoudothejobyouarepaidtodo.Hecaninformyouofcompanydirectionthatmayaffectyourprofessionaldevelopment.Yourbossalsoneedsyoutoperformatyourbestinordertoaccomplishhisobjectives.Heneedsyourfeedbackinordertoproviderealisticandusefulreportstouppermanagement.Buthowdoesthishelpyouestablishameaningfulworkingrelationshipwithyourboss?Thekeyiscommunication.Learnandunderstandhisgoalsandpriorities(优先的事).Observeandunderstandyourboss’sworkstyle.Ifhehasnotbeenclearwithhisexpectations,ask!Likewise,askforfeedbackandacceptcriticismgracefully.Andifheunderstandsthatyoudonotviewyourjobasjustsomethingtofillthehoursbetween9and5,hemaybemorelikelytohelpyou.Inshort,gettingalongwithyourbossrequiresgettingtoknowhislikesanddislikesandlearningtoworkwithhispersonalityandmanagementstyle.［文章大意］短文谈及如何处理好与公司老板的关系及其重要性。职员的职业升迁由老板决定;老板需要职员尽全力实现其企业目标；职员需要了解老板的喜好、性格及其管理风格。41.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat_.A)bossesarehardtodealwithB)bosseshavegoodcharacterC)bossesdetermineyourcareerfutureD)bossesmusthavesimilarpersonality［答案］C)［解析］此题属于主旨大意题。此类题主要考查考生对整篇文章或段落的理解和概括能力，主要涉及文章的中心思想、主题和标题等，答案往往在主题句中。通常，主旨/段意由主题句或段首句体现，非常容易发现，有时也位于文尾或段尾，这种方式叫显性主旨/段意；另一种是隐含在文中的，需要读者用自己的话去概括或总结，叫做隐性主旨/段意。在回答主旨题时，务必选择高度概括的选项，答案越概括越好，涵盖面越广越好。完成显性的主旨题时要注意选项和文中的同义词、近义词，不同的语法结构和不同的视角对这些内容的重述，迪附?而隐性的主旨题由于文中没有现成的句子表达，需要读者通过上下文总结概括。此题属于显性的主旨题。依据短文第一段第一句“Yourbossholdsyourfutureprospectsinhishands.”，可推知正确答案为C)。42.Inthesecondparagraph,“riseupthecareerladder”(Line2)means_.A)goingtoworkabroadB)changingjobsfrequentlyC)beingpromotedinpositionD)pursuinganadvanceddegree［答案］C)［解析］此题属于语义猜测题。解此类题最重要的是理解生词出现的语境。狭义的语境可以理解为生词本身的结构或它在文中的上下文。广义的语境可以包括文章的语域、读者的认知结构以及社会文化背景知识等。归纳猜测词义常用的一些方法，可以发现主要是通过以下线索：（1）内部线索，即通过词的前后缀、词根等推测词义。（2）定义线索，包括Xis/meansY的正式定义，也有通过描写、比较与对照、同位语及信号词下定义的方法。(3)物理环境线索，如图片、图表等。（4）篇章线索，这种线索存在与学习者的脑中，尤其是经历和背景知识。依据题干信息回到原文，我们可以找到答案的对应句在短文第一句和第二句“Therelationshipyouhavewithyourbosscanbeamajorfactorindeterminingyourriseupthecareerladder.Yourbossisnotonlyyourleader,heisalsothepersonbestequippedtohelpyoudothejobyouarepaidtodo.”，根据第二句所描述表达的内容，可以判断答案为C)。43.Inordertoachievehisobjectives,yourbossexpectsthatyouwilll_.A)doyourbestinyourworkB)showyourmanagementskillsC)getalongwithyourcolleaguesD)writereportstouppermanagement［答案］A)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息和关键词Inordertoachievehisobjectives，可知答案对应句在短文第三段的第一句“Yourbossalsoneedsyoutoperformatyourbestinordertoaccomplishhisobjectives.”，由此可知正确答案为A)。44.Themostimportantfactorforestablishingagoodwokingrelationshipwiththebossis_.A)highexpectationsB)quickfeedbackC)frequentcriticismD)effectivecommunication［答案］D)［解析］此题属于事实细节题。依据题干信息和关键词Themostimportantfactor，可知答案对应句在短文第四段的第一句“Thekeyiscommunication.”由此可知正确答案为D)。45.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe_.A)HowtoTakeCareofYourBossB)HowtoGetAlongwithYourBossC)HowtoAcceptYourBoss’sCriticismD)HowtoAccomplishYourBoss’sObjective［答案］B)［解析］此题属于主旨大意题。依据短文的最后一段“Inshort,gettingalongwithyourboss意；另一种是隐含在文中的，需要读者用自己的话Mrequiresgettingtoknowhislikesanddislikesandlearningtoworkwithhispersonalityandmanagementstyle.”，可推知正确答案为B)。Task3Directions:ThefollowingisanAnnouncement.Afterreadingit,youarerequiredtocompletetheoutlinebelowit(No.46to50).Youshouldwriteyouranswersbriefly(innomorethanthreewords)ontheAnswerSheetcorrespondingly.WewelcomeyouaboardtheEasternFlightandwilldoourbesttomakeyourtripcomfortableandenjoyable.ForyoursafetyandconvenienceTobeginthetrip,wewouldliketodrawyourattentiontosomesafety-relateddetails.Thesearealsoexplainedontheinstructioncardintheseatpocketinfrontofyou.Seatbeltsmustremainfastenedwhilethe“Fastenseatbelts”signison.Itisadvisabletokeepthemfastenedatalltimeswhileseated.Allflightsarenon-somking.Theuseofmobiletelephonesisnowallowedwhentheairplaneisontheground.DuringtheflighttheuseofCDandDVDplayersisnotallowed.ForyourentertainmentTohelpyouenjoyyourtrip,weprovidearangeofnewspapers.OnourMD-11andBoeingaircraft,weprovidemusicandvideoprograms.OnAirbusA321/320/319,shortvideosareshown.MealsanddrinksDuringmostflightsweserveyouatastymealanddrinks.Beer,wineandotherdrinksareservedfreeofcharge.Coffee,teaandjuiceareservedfreeofchargeonalldomestic(国内的)flights.OndomesticflightsleavingbeforenineandonallflightstoNorthernChina,asnackisserved.［文章大意］短文介绍飞机飞行过程中的注意事项。安全方面：系好安全带，关闭手机，不得吸烟，不得播放CD和DVD;娱乐方面：备有报纸，提供音乐及录像;饮食方面：可以提供可口的餐点和饮料。EasternFlightServiceSafetyandconvenience1)Seatbelts:remain46whilethe“Fastenseatbelts”signison2)Somking:notalloweedonboard3)Mobilephones:usedonlywhentheairplaneis474)CDandDVD:notallowedtoplay48Entertainmentprovided1)newspapers2)musicand49onMD-11andBoeingaircraftMealsanddrinksonboard1)mealsservedonmostfllights2)coffee,teaandjuiceservedfreeofcharge3)asnackservedonallflightsto50.cismD)HowtoAccomplishYourBoss’sObject`46.［答案］fastened［解析］这是事实细节题。依据题干信息、关键词remain，可知答案对应句在Foryoursafetyandconvenience部分的第三句“Seatbeltsmustremainfastenedwhilethe“Fastenseatbelts”signison.”，所以正确答案为fastened。47.［答案］