四川省成都市成华区某校2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中试题含解析

Page24第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inarestaurant.C.Onabus.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutherwork?A.Sheisdisappointedwithit.B.Sheisexcitedaboutit.C.Sheissatisfiedwithit.3.Whatkindofmusicdoesthewomanlike?A.Jazz.B.Classical.C.Folk.4.WhywillthemangotoEdinburgh?A.Todrivethewomanthere.B.TohaveameetinginGlasgow.C.Tomeetsomeimportantpeople.5.Whatwillthegirldotonight?A.Prepareforanexam.B.WatchTV.C.Gotoamovie.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题．6.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Goingforawalk.B.Havingacupoftea.C.Mailingaletter.7.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Writingaletter.B.Cookingdinner.C.Exercising听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatisthedatetoday?A.October22nd.B.October23rd.C.October24th.9.HowoldistheUnitedNationsin2010?A.70years.B.65years.C.60years.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhoisThomson?A.Linda’shusband.B.Theman’scousin.C.Acook.11.Howmanyyearshavethespeakersgotmarried?A.40.B.50.C.60.12.WhatdoweknowaboutLinda?A.Shewon’tbeinvitedtotheparty.BShedoesn’teatchicken.C.Sheisagoodcook.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Friends.B.Pictures.C.Stories.14.Whydoesthewomanthinkitisstressfultogotothedentist?A.Itisoutofyourcontrol.B.Itistooexpensive.C.Ithurts.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkisthemoststressful?A.Beinglate.B.Havinganexam.C.Movingtoanewplace.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofinterviews?A.Theyarechallenging.B.Theyarestressful.C.Theyareterrible.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whereisthefinishline?A.OutsideLondon.B.NearBuckinghamPalace.C.AtGreenwich.18.Whatwaslastyear’srecordtime?A.2hours17minutes16seconds.B.2hours22minutes16seconds.C.2hours48minutes.19.Whowastheyoungestpersontofinishtheracesofar?A.BettyOmary.B.ShellyMortimer.C.IanBritton.20.Whenwillthefullreportabouttheeventbe?A.At7:15.B.At7:30.C.At7:55.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.Chooseyourpreferredcity,andyou’llstudywithandbefriendotherinternationalstudents.OurEnglishLearningProgrammes·LearnEnglishinUniversitiesCourseshavebeendevelopedinpartnershipwithfamousuniversitiesinAustraliatoimproveyourEnglishlanguageskills.Youwillgettoexperiencecampuslifeabroad.·SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeTheseintensiveEnglishclassesarehostedindifferentlanguageschoolsalongtheeastcoast.Talktoourprogrammeadviserstochoosethebestlocation.·One-on-OneTutoringOurprogrammeorganizestailoredlearningexperiencesbasedonyourEnglishlearninggoals.YouwillliveinlocalfamiliesandhavechancestopractiseyouroralEnglish.·HighSchoolStudyAbroadTherearefewthingsinlifewhichcanmakeyoufeelmoregrown-uplikelivingandlearninginanothercountry.Packthiswithmanyfunculturalactivities.AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.FourstepstogetintoourEnglishlearningprogrammesStepOne:Reviewtheprogrammeinformationandcompleteouronlineapplicationformtogettheballrolling.StepTwo:Youwillhavea15-mininterviewwithyourprogrammeadvisertodiscussyourinterests,needs,destinationandduration.Withinthreedaysaftertheinterview,theadviserwillbeintouchbyemailtoletyouknowifyourapplicationhasbeensuccessful.Ifso,we’llsendyouaformaloffer.StepThree:Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogramme,you’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.Oncethishasbeendone,we’llsendyouthedocumentscontainingalltheinformationyou’llneedregardingyourstudytrip.StepFour:Onceyourflightshavebeenbooked,letusknowyourarrivaldetailssothatwecanorganizeairportpick-up.We’llbeexcitedtowelcomeyoutoourprogrammeinperson!1.IfHenrywantstotryabiologyclasstaughtinEnglish,hemayjoinin________.A.LearnEnglishinUniversities B.SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeC.One-on-OneTutoring D.HighSchoolStudyAbroad2.Whatshouldapplicantsdoafterreceivingaformaloffer?A.Replytotheletterandpaythecostforthestudytrip.B.Getintouchwiththeorganizertoconfirmthedestination.C.Reviewprogrammeinformationtoprepareforaninterview.D.Providetheprogrammeadviserwithpersonalneedsandgoals.3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthispassage?A.PeopleplanningtoimprovetheirEnglish.B.PeoplewillingtoapplyforEnglishteachingjobs.C.Peopleaimingtohelplearnersgoabroad.D.PeoplelovingtoshareEnglishlearningexperiences.【答案】1.D2.A3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个英语学习项目及申请流程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“HighSchoolStudyAbroad”项目中第三句“AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.(你将有机会体验用英语教授的科学课程，比如有关岩石和矿石，动植物和工程实践的课程)”可知，如果亨利想尝试英语授课的生物课，他可能会参加HighSchoolStudyAbroad。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“StepThree”的第一句“Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogramme,you’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.(为了确认你在项目中要去的地方，你需要回复收到的通知书并根据说明完成在线付款)”可知，在收到正式录取通知书后，申请人应回复函件并支付费用。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Tailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.(定制你的体验，并且在令人兴奋的全面的语言课程中掌握英语)”可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是打算提高英语水平的人。故选A项。BIwas17whenIdiscoveredshootingstars.IlovedthemsomuchthatIinvitedmyhighschoolfriendstomyfamilyfarmandspentanAugustnightinoursleepingbagsonthehillsidetowatchthemtogether.Ican’thelpbutthinkofthatasthefinalnightofmychildhood.Ialwaysmanagedtosqueezeinaweekortwoofvacationbeforestartingbackatschool,andI’dseeshootingstarsandrememberthatbrilliantnightonthehill.Whilestillmarvelingatthem,I’dworkatconvincingmyselfthatthejoyI’dexperiencefrommyaccomplishmentsincollegewouldsoonreplacemylongingforsomequiettimebeneathavastsky.Butalways,IreturnedtocollegelifeinAugustwithdeepsadnessinmyheart.I’vegivenlotsofreasonsoverthepast13yearsformychoicetoliveanindependentlifeonadistantfarmandhomeschoolmydaughters.Butdeepdown,Ithinktheshootingstarshadalottodowithit.Icouldn’tbeartogazeupatthemandthinkthattheywereafinale(演出的终场)tobewitnessedbeforereturningtothedemandsofschoolandcareers.SoIsaid“no”toallofit:nojobs,noschool.AndIdecidedtoleadalifetiedtotheseasons,whereshootingstarswerejustoneofmanygiftsfromnature.IchangedmylifetomakeroomforthemandI’mstartingtolearnthedifferencebetweenfulfillmentandaccomplishment.Accomplishmentisachild’ssuccessfultestscores.Fulfillmentislovingandforgivingeachotherthroughtimestable(乘法表)andwrittenwords.Accomplishmentisthepublicationof20essaysperyearandsixbooks.Fulfillmentisthehoursspentresearching,thenwalkingthroughthewoodstothinkabouteachwordandthought.Accomplishmentismakingenoughincometocovermytaxes.Fulfillmentissittingoutsideat3aminAugust,watchingtheshootingstars,nolongersadatthepassageofchildhood,butthrilledforthejoyofthestars.Itislearnedthataccomplishmentismerelyamarkinthebookmadeasaresultoffollowingfulfillmentaboveallelse.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkmarkstheendofherchildhood?A.Leavinghomeforcollege. B.Encounteringshootingstars.C.Watchingshootingstarswithfriends. D.Sleepinginasleepingbagonafarm.5.Whatcausedtheauthortoliveindependentlyandhomeschoolherdaughters?A.Theneedtoliveonafarm. B.Thewishforalifeconnectedtonature.C.Thedesireforindependence. D.Thedemandsofschoolandcareers.6.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthorseeasfulfillment?A.Winningagoldmedalinasportscompetition.B.Spendingqualitytimewithfamilymembers.C.Holdingahighpositioninafamouscompany.D.Buyingabig,lovelyandcomfortablehouse.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SchoolorCareers B.WatchShootingStarsC.LiveaLifeofFulfillment D.AccomplishmentorFulfillment【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回顾了她青少年时期观看流星的经历，以及这种经历如何影响她决定在农场过独立的生活并让孩子接受家庭教育。她对比了成就感和满足感的概念，强调了在简单的时刻和与大自然的联系中寻找意义和快乐的重要性。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“IlovedthemsomuchthatIinvitedmyhighschoolfriendstomyfamilyfarmandspentanAugustnightinoursleepingbagsonthehillsidetowatchthemtogether.(我太喜欢它们了，所以我邀请我的高中朋友到我家农场，在山坡上的睡袋里度过了八月的一个晚上，一起看它们)”和第三段“Ican’thelpbutthinkofthatasthefinalnightofmychildhood.(我不禁想到那是我童年的最后一晚)”可知，作者认为和朋友一起看流星标志着她童年的结束。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“I’vegivenlotsofreasonsoverthepast13yearsformychoicetoliveanindependentlifeonadistantfarmandhomeschoolmydaughters.Butdeepdown,Ithinktheshootingstarshadalottodowithit.(在过去的13年里，我为自己选择在遥远的农场过着独立的生活，让女儿在家上学给出了很多理由。但在内心深处，我认为这与流星有很大关系)”可知，作者的选择和流星关系密切。再根据第五段“AndIdecidedtoleadalifetiedtotheseasons,whereshootingstarswerejustoneofmanygiftsfromnature.(我决定过一种与季节联系在一起的生活，在那里，流星只是大自然赐予我的众多礼物之一)”可知，对与自然相连的生活的愿望使作者独立生活并在家教育她的女儿。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“Accomplishmentisachild’ssuccessfultestscores.Fulfillmentislovingandforgivingeachotherthroughtimestable(乘法表)andwrittenwords.(成就是孩子成功考试成绩。满足是通过时间表和书面文字彼此相爱和原谅)”；倒数第三段“Accomplishmentisthepublicationof20essaysperyearandsixbooks.Fulfillmentisthehoursspentresearching,thenwalkingthroughthewoodstothinkabouteachwordandthought.(成就是每年发表20篇论文和6本书。满足是花几个小时去研究，然后穿过树林去思考每个单词和想法)”；倒数第二段“Accomplishmentismakingenoughincometocovermytaxes.Fulfillmentissittingoutsideat3aminAugust,watchingtheshootingstars,nolongersadatthepassageofchildhood,butthrilledforthejoyofthestars.(成就是赚到足够的收入来支付我的税款。满足是在八月的凌晨三点，坐在户外看流星，不再为童年的逝去而悲伤，而是为星星的欢乐而激动)”可推知，作者会认为与家人共度美好时光是一种满足。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Itislearnedthataccomplishmentismerelyamarkinthebookmadeasaresultoffollowingfulfillmentaboveallelse.(据了解，成就仅仅是在书本上留下的一个记号，而这个记号是由于追求成就而产生的)”结合文章中作者回顾了她青少年时期观看流星的经历，以及这种经历如何影响她决定在农场过独立的生活并让孩子接受家庭教育。她对比了成就感和满足感的概念，强调了在简单的时刻和与大自然的联系中寻找意义和快乐的重要性。所以选项C“活出充实的人生”符合文章标题。故选C。CWhenyouseesomeonetakethatfirstsipoffreshlymademilktea,theirfacelookslikepurejoy.Today,millionsofpeopleenjoythisexperience.Acrosstheworld,customersflocktotheirfavoritespotstomeetwithfriendsandsavorsipsofthesetastydrinks.Intheearly2000s,though,milkteawasjustcomingonthescene.Thefewbrandsthathadsuccessfullyestablishedthemselvesintheindustryweredearlyconcerned:Wouldmilkteajustbeanotherfashionfood?Sure,peopleareenjoyingittoday,butwouldtheystillbeinayear,orfiveyears?Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,wouldpeoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?ThesearethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog,whichledthemtoresearchintothedeep,unexploredpsychologyofmilktea.LikeAirbnb,Sereniteapartneredwithanagency,CIABootlegManila(CBM),thatspecializesindrillingdowntothedeepconsumer“why”.Theagencyconductedaseriesofintensive,psychological-basedtechniquesinitsmarketresearch.Specifically,theyprobedtheconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea.Whattheyfoundwasthatmilkteawasacomplextopic.Theirresearchrevealedthatmilkteaproducesthreeconsistentpsychologicalresponses.Peopleconnectedtomilkthroughtheconceptofnurturing(滋养);theyfondlyrememberedtheirchildhoodandbeingcaredforbytheirmothers.Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties.Respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadstomachacheorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.Lastly,theyassociatedmilkteaitselfwithteenagefun:aguiltypleasureoftheiryouth.Theyhaduncoveredthethreepsychologicalcornerstones(基石)ofthemilkteaexperience:nurturing,healing,andteenagefun.Thissetofinsightswascrucial.Byintegratingthemintothecoreoftheirbrandstrategy,theystruckoutanentirelynewpath.8.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“probed”inparagraph4?A.Applied. B.Related. C.Demonstrated. D.Investigated.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Serenataplannedtodistinguishitselffromcompetitors.B.Sereniteaoutperformeditsopponentsinresearchfield.C.Sereniteasufferedatemporarystrategicfailurein2014.D.Sereniteapartneredwithaleadingpsychologicalagency.10.WhatcanSereniteadowiththefindingsfromtheirresearch?A.Offerasmanynewflavorsaspossible.B.Createayouthfulandplayfulbrandimage.C.Redesignstoresbyaddingromanticelements.D.ConductintensivemarketresearchwithCBM.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ANewPathtoBusinessSuccess B.ThreeCornerstonesofMilkTeaC.SharingthePureJoyofMilkTea D.RevealingMilkTeaPsychology【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了奶茶背后心理学原理的发现和揭示过程。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog,whichledthemtoresearchintothedeep,unexploredpsychologyofmilktea.(在成功开设60家门店的同时，他们发现自己陷入了战略迷雾，这促使他们开始研究奶茶的深层次、未被探索的心理)”可知，他们要调查researchinto。结合第五段“Whattheyfoundwasthatmilkteawasacomplextopic.(他们发现，奶茶是一个复杂的话题)”可知，他们调查出了结果。故划线词后文“theconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea”指出了他们研究调查的细分领域。故划线词意思是“调查”。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,wouldpeoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?(有了这么多新的兴奋点，人们能区分出奶茶公司吗？)”以及第三段“ThesearethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.(这些都是马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面临的问题)”可知，Serenata计划将自己与竞争对手区分开来。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties.Respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadstomachacheorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.Lastly,theyassociatedmilkteaitselfwithteenagefun:aguiltypleasureoftheiryouth.(其次，消费者将茶与它的治疗特性联系起来。受访者会回忆起当他们胃痛或看到他们的父母为了健康原因喝凉茶时收到的茶。最后，他们将奶茶本身与青少年的乐趣联系在一起：他们年轻时的一种罪恶的快乐)”以及最后一段“Theyhaduncoveredthethreepsychologicalcornerstones(基石)ofthemilkteaexperience:nurturing,healing,andteenagefun.(他们发现了奶茶体验的三个心理基石：养育、治疗和青少年乐趣)”可知，Serenitea可以用他们的研究结果打造年轻俏皮的品牌形象。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“ThesearethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog,whichledthemtoresearchintothedeep,unexploredpsychologyofmilktea.(这些都是马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面临的问题。在成功开设60家门店的同时，他们发现自己陷入了战略迷雾，这促使他们开始研究奶茶的深层次、未被探索的心理)”以及文章主要说明了奶茶背后心理学原理的发现和揭示过程，按照时间顺序展开，从出现问题到寻求解决，最终找到答案。故D选项“揭示奶茶心理”最符合文章标题。故选D。D①DeepunderamountainatChinaJinpingUndergroundLaboratoryinSichuan,Chinesescientiststirelesslyresearchdarkmatter.Located2,400metersbelowJinpingMountain,theirresearchsiteistheworld’sdeepestundergroundlaboratory.②Afterreachingthefootofthemountain,itisa10-minutedriveinthetunnelsbeforearrivingatthelab.AccordingtoSichuanDaily,therearesixlayersofmaterialoutsidethelab,includingnaturalrock,50-centimeter-thickconcreteandothermaterialstokeepnearlyeverythingout.③However,thereisstillsomethingthatcannotbekeptout–thedarkmatter.AccordingtoNASAScience,onlyfivepercentoftheuniverseiscurrentlyknown.Darkenergyfills68percentoftheuniverse,anddarkmattermakesupabout27percent.Humaneyescan’tseeeitheroftheelements;andnoonehasdetectedthemyet.④Scientistsareconfidentthatdarkmatterexists.AccordingtoNationalGeographic,standardphysicswouldassumethatstarsorbitingattheedgeofagalaxy(星系)travelslowerthanthosenearthecenter.However,whatweseeisthatstarsturnatnearlythesamespeed–nomatterwheretheyare.Scientiststhusbelievethatstarsaredrivenbythegravitationaleffect(引力效应)causedbydarkmatter.⑤Withthefirstdarkmattersearchresultsfromthelabpublishedin2021,Chineseresearchershavesuccessfullynarroweddowntherangewhendetectingthese“ghosts”.Aquestionremains–whydoscientistsneedsucha“pure”environment?⑥ProfessorElisabettaBarberio,aphysicistattheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia,toldtheScienceXNetworkwebsitethatdarkmatterresearchhastohappendeepundergroundto“cutoutthecosmic‘noise’andradiation”,forinstance,cosmicrayswhichcanbeabsorbedbyrocks.Ifalabisburieddeepenoughunderground,theimpactofcosmicraysmaybereducedtozero.⑦YueQian,aresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity,toldSichuanDailythatdarkmattercanonlybeobservedinspace,undergroundandwhenmadeartificially.“Simply,wejustputthedetectorundergroundandwaitforthedarkmattertobumpintoit,”Yuesaid.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheundergroundlaboratory?A.ItisunderamountaininWuhan.B.Ithasfivelayersofmaterialoutside.C.Itisusedtokeepdarkmatterout.D.Itistheworld’sdeepestundergroundlab.13.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribedarkmatter?A.Tinyandbeneficial.B.Plentifulanddangerous.C.Invisibleandmysterious.D.Unstableandundetectable.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howscientistsstudydarkmatter.B.Whyscientistsbelievedarkmatterexists.C.Wherescientistscanfinddarkmatter.D.Whatroledarkmatterplaysintheuniverse.15.Whydidscientistsbuildthelabunderground?AToexplorecosmicradiation.B.Toreducetheimpactofcosmicrays.C.Tobettermakeartificialdarkmatter.D.Tostudythegravitationaleffectcausedbydarkmatter.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在地下2400米中国四川锦屏地下实验室探寻暗物质。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Located2,400metersbelowJinpingMountain,theirresearchsiteistheworld’sdeepestundergroundlaboratory.(他们的研究地点位于锦屏山下2400米，是世界上最深的地下实验室)”可知，该地下实验室是世界上最深的地下实验室。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Humaneyescan’tseeeitheroftheelements;andnoonehasdetectedthemyet.(人类的眼睛看不到任何一种元素；还没有人发现它们)”和第四段“Scientistsareconfidentthatdarkmatterexists.(科学家相信暗物质存在)”可推断，暗物质无形而神秘。故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Scientistsareconfidentthatdarkmatterexists.AccordingtoNationalGeographic,standardphysicswouldassumethatstarsorbitingattheedgeofagalaxy(星系)travelslowerthanthosenearthecenter.However,whatweseeisthatstarsturnatnearlythesamespeed–nomatterwheretheyare.Scientiststhusbelievethatstarsaredrivenbythegravitationaleffect(引力效应)causedbydarkmatter.(科学家相信暗物质是存在的。据《国家地理》杂志报道，标准物理学假设，在星系边缘运行的恒星比中心附近的恒星运行得慢。然而，我们所看到的是，恒星旋转的速度几乎是相同的——无论它们在哪里。因此，科学家们相信恒星是由暗物质引起的引力效应驱动的)”可知，本段主要介绍为什么科学家相信暗物质存在。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“ProfessorElisabettaBarberio,aphysicistattheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia,toldtheScienceXNetworkwebsitethatdarkmatterresearchhastohappendeepundergroundto“cutoutthecosmic‘noise’andradiation”,forinstance,cosmicrayswhichcanbeabsorbedbyrocks.Ifalabisburieddeepenoughunderground,theimpactofcosmicraysmaybereducedtozero.(澳大利亚墨尔本大学的物理学家ElisabettaBarberio教授在接受《科学X网络》网站采访时表示，暗物质研究必须在地下深处进行，以“去除宇宙‘噪音’和辐射”，例如可以被岩石吸收的宇宙射线。如果实验室被埋在足够深的地下，宇宙射线的影响可能会减少到零)”可知，科学家把实验室建在地下，是为了减少宇宙射线的影响。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LearningtoLoveLocally-GrownFoodsCookingshowsonTVareusuallyallaboutforeignfoods.Thankstoglobalization,peopleeverywhereareintroducingtheirtastebudstodishesfromeverycorneroftheworld.___16___Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofpeoplepurchasinglocalfoodshasbeenrisingbecauseitoffersalotofbenefits.Forstarters,localfoodisoftentastierbecauseitisfresher.Importedgoodsmustbeflownorshippedinfromfaraway,sotheynaturallylosesomeoftheirfreshnessduringthejourney.___17___Thesematerialsmaycausethenutritionalvalueofthesegoodstodeclineduringtheshippingprocess.Foodsafetyisanotherreasonwhypeoplearechoosinglocalproduce.Today’slawsregardingfoodsvaryfromcountrytocountry.___18___Butwhenyouknowthelocalfarmerwhogrowsyourfood,thechancesofitbeingpollutedaregreatlyreduced.Buyinglocalfoodscanalsohaveabeneficialimpactontheenvironment.Buyinglocal,consumerscanmaintaingreenspaceandfarmlandintheircommunities.Besides,iffarmerscanselldirectlytoconsumers,theywillearnmoremoneyfortheirfamilies.Additionalprofitsalsoenablefarmerstobettercarefortheirsoilandkeepqualitystandardshigh.___19______20___Thisisanopenareawherefarmerssellfruits,vegetables,andmeatdirectlytothepublic.Onceyouexperiencethefreshnessoflocalfoodsforyourself,itmightbetoughtogobacktothesupermarket.A.Intheend,it’sawin-winsituationforbothparties.B.Foreignfoodshavealreadydominatedhomemarkets.C.Toconclude,thefarmerscanmakemoneyandimprovetheirlife.D.Atthesametime,otherpeoplearediscoveringthatfoodfromtheirareaisthebest.E.Ifyou’reinterestedinhavingmorelocalfoods,youcanevenattendafarmers’market.F.Thiscausesconfusionandmakesitdifficulttocheckifanyharmfulchemicalswereused.G.Importedgoodsmustalsobepackagedinplasticorothercontainerstosurvivethejourney.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当地种植的食物近年来受到欢迎的现象和背后的原因，并给出了一点如何购买的建议。【16题详解】前文“Thankstoglobalization,peopleeverywhereareintroducingtheirtastebudstodishesfromeverycorneroftheworld.(由于全球化，世界各地的人们都在让自己的味蕾尝试来自世界各地的菜肴)”描述人们尝试全球食物的趋势，后文“Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofpeoplepurchasinglocalfoodshasbeenrisingbecauseitoffersalotofbenefits.(在过去的几年里，购买当地食物的人数一直在上升，因为它提供了很多好处)”说明当地食物也很受欢迎，因此D项“Atthesametime,otherpeoplearediscoveringthatfoodfromtheirareaisthebest.(与此同时，其他人发现他们本地的食物是最好的)”符合语境，描述另一种喜欢本地食物的趋势，承接前后文，其中的otherpeople与前文的people呼应，foodfromtheirarea与后文的localfoods呼应。故选D。【17题详解】前文“Importedgoodsmustbeflownorshippedinfromfaraway,sotheynaturallylosesomeoftheirfreshnessduringthejourney.(进口的货物必须从很远的地方空运或海运过来，所以它们在旅途中自然会失去一些新鲜感)”说明进口货物因为运输问题导致新鲜感流失，后文“Thesematerialsmaycausethenutritionalvalueofthesegoodstodeclineduringtheshippingprocess.(这些材料在运输过程中可能会导致这些货物的营养价值下降)”进一步说明进口货物可能有营养价值下降的问题，因此G项“Importedgoodsmustalsobepackagedinplasticorothercontainerstosurvivethejourney.(进口货物也必须用塑料或其他容器包装，以便在旅途中幸存下来)”符合语境，说明进口货物有包装，起到过渡的作用，后文的Thesematerials指的是其中的plasticorothercontainers。故选G。【18题详解】前文“Today’slawsregardingfoodsvaryfromcountrytocountry.(今天各国关于食品的法律各不相同)”说明各国食品法不同的情况，后文“Butwhenyouknowthelocalfarmerwhogrowsyourfood,thechancesofitbeingpollutedaregreatlyreduced.(但是当你认识为你种植食物的当地的农民时，食物被污染的可能性就大大降低了)”说明本地食物被污染的可能性较低，因此F项“Thiscausesconfusionandmakesitdifficulttocheckifanyharmfulchemicalswereused.(这就造成了混乱，使检查是否使用了有害化学物质变得困难)”符合语境，说明食品法不同导致的后果，承接前文，引出后文本地食物的优势，其中的This指代前一句的内容，harmfulchemicals与后文的polluted呼应。故选F。【19题详解】前文“Besides,iffarmerscanselldirectlytoconsumers,theywillearnmoremoneyfortheirfamilies.Additionalprofitsalsoenablefarmerstobettercarefortheirsoilandkeepqualitystandardshigh.(此外，如果农民可以直接卖给消费者，他们将为他们的家庭赚更多的钱。额外的利润也使农民能够更好地照顾他们的土壤，并保持高质量标准)”说明购买本地食物可以形成良性循环，使农民赚更多钱，同时保证食物的高质量，因此A项“Intheend,it’sawin-winsituationforbothparties.(最终，这对双方来说都是一个双赢的局面)”符合语境，说明这是双赢的局面，承接前文。故选A。【20题详解】空处位于段首，应引出后文内容。后文“Thisisanopenareawherefarmerssellfruits,vegetables,andmeatdirectlytothepublic.(这是一个开放的区域，农民直接向公众出售水果、蔬菜和肉类)”描述了农民直接售卖食物的一个区域，因此E项“Ifyou’reinterestedinhavingmorelocalfoods,youcanevenattendafarmers’market.(如果你对更多的当地食物感兴趣，你甚至可以去农贸市场)”符合语境，建议可以去农场市场，引出后文的描述，其中的afarmers’market是后文This所指的对象。故选E。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ioncestoppedbehindseveralcars,waitingattheredlight.Thewindblewfiercely.Aheadofmestoodayoungwomanalongsidethestreetrubbingherbarehandstogetheranddancingtokeep___21___.Besideherrestedasignthatread,“Ihaveababyandnofood.”Homelessandunemployedpeoplearea___22___sightinmanyofourlargecities,andmostpeopledrivebywithout___23___assistance.Nodoubttheyhavebeentaughtthatgivingthemmoneydevelopsadependent___24___,orthatthecashmaybeusedtobuyalcohol___25___thefooditwasintendedfor.Likeme,theymayhavebeentaughtthatoneshouldgivemoneytoalocalcharity,astheseorganizationscan___26___thoseinneedfarmoreeffectivelyAsIwaitedforthelighttoturngreen,Ifelt___27___aboutthatwoman.Shewasobviouslyinneed.Andwhetherornotsheactuallyhadababyreallydidn’t___28___.WhatshouldIdo?ShouldIgivehermoney?AsI___29___,thewindowofthecarinfrontofmewas___30___downandahandreachedoutholdingapairofwarmgloves.Thedriver___31___herownglovesandgavethemtothewoman.Isawtheyoungwoman___32___thewords“Thankyou”andabroadsmilelitupherface.AsIwaswondering,somebodyelse___33___.AsItriedtodecidethebestwaytohelp,somebodyelsejustdidwhatshecould.Imademyselfa(n)___34___thatdaytoalwaysdosomething.Whetheritisbigorsmall,justdosomething.Somethingisalmostalwaysbetterthannothing!Toooftenweunderestimate(低估)thepowerofatouch,asmile,akindword,alisteningear,orthesmallestactofcaring,allofwhichhavethe___35___toturnalifearound.21.A.calm B.energetic C.warm D.polite22