2024年中考英语专项复习词法部分：名词课件

2024年中考英语专项复习词法部分：名词课件（含2023中考真题）目录可数名词及其单复数不可数名词专有名词名词所有格Lookandsay.MartinLutherKingHuangguoshuWaterfallbananamilkshakepersonplacethingNoun*“Thing”includesobjects,animalsandideas.Isitanoun?muttonpostofficeengineergiraffelazyapartmentscientisteducationathingaplaceapersonathingaplaceapersonathingWorkingroupsandlistmorenouns.personplacething可数名词及其单复数Findfivedifferencesbetweenthetwopictures.oneballtwoballsoneboxtwoglassestwopicturestwoboxesonebooktwobooksoneglassonepictureball—ballspicture—picturesbook—booksglass—glassesbox—boxes可数名词的单、复数名词有可数和不可数之分。表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词称为可数名词。一般情况下，单数名词变复数时在词尾加-s，也有加-es的情况，这类变化统称为名词复数的规则变化。构成方法例词读音词尾直接加____bookbooks在清辅音后读____bag在浊辅音后读____tree在元音后读____以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词，词尾加____-es读作____以f或fe结尾的词，先将____________,再加_____-ves读作____-sbagstrees[s][z][z]-esbrushbrushesfoxfoxes[iz]f或fe变成v-es[vz]shelfshelveslifelives构成方法例词读音以o结尾的词，词尾加_______-es或-s读作____以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将________,再加______-ies读作____以元音字母加y结尾的词，词尾加____-s读作____-es或-spotatopotatoestomatotomatoesbamboobamboos[z]y改为i-esfactoryfactoriescitycities[ɪz]-sdaydayswayways[z]构成方法例词读音以th结尾的词，词尾加______在短元音或辅音后，-ths读作[θs]或[ðz]-smonthmonthsmouthmouthspathpaths【中考链接】—Ofallthe________,Ilovesummerbest.A.seasonsB.subjects C.coloursD.hobbiesA（2023.江苏徐州）【中考链接】Ourcityreceivedalotofv_____duringMayDayholiday.（2023.山东日照）istors【中考链接】ThereisnodoubtthatChinaisoneoftheoldest_______intheworld.（2023.湖北十堰）countries【中考链接】It’sbadm_____totalkwithyourmouthfull.（2023.四川达州）anners【中考链接】Mr.Yang’sh_____includesinging,paintingandplayingchess.（2023.四川德阳）obbiesWhataretheirpluralforms?sheep—fish—tooth—man—child—ox—sheepfishteethmenchildrenoxen单复数同形改变中间的元音词尾发生变化名词复数的不规则变化单复数同形deer—deerfish—fishsheep—sheepmeans—meansspacecraft—spacecraftChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese改变中间的元音man—menwoman—womenfoot—feettooth—teethmouse—micegoose—geese词尾发生变化child—childrenox—oxen注意！有些词只有复数形式clothes,glasses,scissors,trousers,shorts,scales(天平),compasses(圆规),tweezers(镊子)一些词虽然以s结尾,但它们不是名词的复数形式，而是单词本身以s结尾，应把它们作为名词单数来看待news,maths,physics,politics,means,goods,works复合名词的复数形式第一个词或最后一个词变为复数形式passer-by—passers-byson-in-law—sons-in-lawgirlfriend—girlfriendsgrown-up—grown-upshighway—highways构成复合名词的两个词都要变为复数形式mandoctor—mendoctorswomanteacher—womenteachersmanservant—menservants【中考链接】—Whatanimalsdidyouseeonthefarm,Tom?—Isawsome________.A.rabbit B.ducks C.sheepsB（2023.湖南邵阳）【中考链接】________(child)shouldacceptgiftsfromtheirelderswithbothhands.Children（2023.浙江温州）【中考链接】Look!Therearesome______（绵羊）onthehill.sheep（2023.四川雅安）不可数名词Distinguishcountablenounsanduncountablenouns.Thenaddtwoorthreeexamplesineachcategory.saltappleyogurthoneyjuicetomatocabbagemuttonorangecornnutbananapotatodumplingbeefsugarpopcornnoodleeggcheeseporridgecountablenounsuncountablenounsappletomatocabbageorangeeggnutbananapotatodumplingnoodlesaltyogurthoneyjuicemuttonbeefcornsugarpopcorncheeseporridgeCompletethedialogues.CanIhelpyou?CanIhave____________________________?threeglassesofwatermelonjuiceWhatwouldyoulike?I’dlike__________________.abowlofbeefnoodles表示不能计算数目的人或物的名词，称为不可数名词，不可数名词前面不能用不定冠词a/an，也没有复数形式。不可数名词的量的表达方式和可数名词有很大区别。不可数名词的确切数量表达方式1当表示不可数名词的确切数量时，通常可以在不可数名词的前面加上表示数量单位的词。当表示“一袋/杯......”时，单位词要用单数形式；当表示“两袋/杯......”时，单位词要用复数形式。aglassofwaterajarofjamapacketofsweettwobagsofricetwotubesoftoothpastethreecupsofcoffeefourpiecesofadvicefourcartonsofmilkfivekilosofmeat不可数名词的不确切数量表达方式2当表示不可数名词各种大概、不确定数量时，可运用下列单词或短语。单词/短语意义单词/短语意义not(any)/no没有alotof许多little几乎么有lotsofalittle/some一些plentyofmost大部分muchall全部agreatdealofexampleFortunately,Ihadalittletimetospare.很幸运，我有一点儿空闲时间。Doyouhavemuchmoneytotravel?你有许多钱去旅游吗？Agreatdealofmyworkisunpaid.我的许多工作都是没有报酬的。【中考链接】—Canyougivesome______onlearningEnglishwell?—Sure.WatchingEnglishprogramsisagoodway.A.news B.advice C.decisionD.messageB（2023.湖北咸宁）【中考链接】JohnSmithoftenlooksthroughthenewsabout______toknowwhat’sonthecinema.A.filmsB.musicC.booksD.weatherA（2023.吉林长春）Movealongandmake______forme.A.aroomB.roomC.chairD.tablesB专有名词根据名词的意义，名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。专有名词表示特定的人、事物、地点、场所、机构等。普通名词专有名词boyDavidsailorAdamlawyerSarahmother-in-lawJanicecityBostonbridgeTheGoldenGateBridgetowerEiffelTowerstreetChurchAvenue专有名词主要有以下五类：表示人名、尊称和头衔的专有名词EinsteinChairmanMaoMr.BrownDoctorLinQueenElizabethⅡ表示国名、地名、山河的专有名词KoreaThailandPacificOceanMississippiMt.Qomolangma表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词ChinaDailyTsinghuaUniversitySydneyOperaHouse表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词WednesdaySundayMarchLabourDayNationalDay由普通名词构成的专有名词theNorthPoletheBund（上海外滩）

theTempleofHeaventheWhiteHousetheRiverNiletheTerracottaWarriors【中考链接】Which______characterdoyoulikebetter,SupermanorSpiderman?cartoon（2023.浙江嘉兴）名词所有格TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.汤姆的帽子___________孩子们的书包_____________________教师阅览室_________________________汤姆和杰克各自的英语老师______________________男孩们的夹克_________________一个半月的假期___________________________Tom’scapchildren’sschoolbagstheteachers’reading-roomTom’sandJack’sEnglishteacherstheboys’jacketsamonthandahalf’svacation名词所有格在一些名词之后加’sof+名词结构表示有生命物的名词所有格表示无生命物的名词所有格表示有生命物的名词所有格单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾如果没有s，也要加’s。Ivan’shomeMary’snosewomen’ssmile名词已有复数词尾s，词尾只加’即可。Students’Uniontheworkers’strugglethegirls’toys表示无生命物的名词所有格表示无生命物的所有关系多用“of+名词”结构。thetitleofthenovelthewindowofthehousetheendoftheroadthesubjectofthesentence有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命物的名词，也可以加’s来构成所有格。onemonth’svacationtenminutes’walkNewYork’spopulation并列名词的所有格在并列的几个名词后面同时加上’s，表示物体分别属于某人；在并列的几个名词的最后一个名词后加’s，表示物体为几个人共同拥有。LilyandLucy’sbedroomLily和Lucy共同拥有一间卧室Lily’sandLucy’sbedroomsLily和Lucy各自拥有一间卧室【中考链接】Lilyisafriendof______.A.Mary'smother's B.Mary'smother'sofC.Marymother's D.mother'sofMaryA（2020.甘肃天水）Gostraight,______andyou’llfindasignforthetoilet.A.threeminutes’away B.threeminutes’walkC.threeminute’saway D.threeminute’swalkBThewomanoverthereis______mother.A.Lily’sandLucy’s B.Lily’sandLucyC.LilyandLucy’s D.LilyandLucyC中考真题专项练习—________areeasilymade,butnoteasilykept.—That’strue.Onceyoumakeone,besuretokeepit.A.

Speeches

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Suggestions（2023.江苏南通）CAftershewasbroughtbacktoChina,thesickgiantpandaYaYareceivedgood________inhernewhomeandgotbetter.A.education B.communication C.entertainment D.treatmentD（2023.江苏常州）—Howdidyoufixupthemachine,dad?—It’seasy.Ijustfollowedthe________.A.instructions B.inventions C.interviews D.influencesA（2023.湖北十堰）—Whichmoviedoyouliketowatch,Tracy?—Um...,it’shardtomakea________.A.survey B.choice C.callD.wish（2023.四川遂宁）BScientistswhoarefullof______alwayscomeupwithnewi