日本环境污染情况分析报告-培训课件外文版2024.5

POLITICS

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SOCIETYEnvironmentalpollutioninJapanCHAPTER

01OverviewVolumeofplasticbeachlitterendingupasmarinedebrisintheAsia-Pacificregionin2021,bycountryorterritory(intons)VolumeofplasticbeachlitterendingupasoceanwasteAPAC2021,bycountryVolumeintons0200,000400,000600,000800,0001,000,0001,200,0001,400,000PhilippinesChina1,147,105726,819India543,740IndonesiaMalaysiaVietnamBangladeshMyanmarThailandSriLankaPakistanJapan438,617234,941191,061119,879111,68397,82933,97930,67115,89411,053NorthKorea3Description:In2021,around1.15milliontonsofplasticbeachlitterinthePhilippinesendedupasoceanwaste.Incontrast,plasticbeachlitterendingupasmarinedebrisamountedtoapproximately115tonsintheMaldivesthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2021;litteroriginatingfromnationalland-basedsourcesSource(s):UNESCAPAmountofmunicipalwastegeneratedpercapitainJapanfrom2011to2020(inkilograms)VolumeofmunicipalwastegeneratedpercapitaJapan2011-2020400353.5352.2349.7345.8343.6337.9336.4335.9336.935030025020015010050330.3020112012201320142015201620172018201920204Description:In2020,themunicipalwastegeneratedpercapitainJapanamountedtocloseto330.3kilograms.Thefiguredecreasedcomparedtocloseto337kilogramsinthepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2011to2020Source(s):OECDAmountoffinalwastedisposalinJapanfromfiscalyear2012to2021(inmillionmetrictons)VolumeoffinalwastedisposalJapanFY2012-20215.04.654.544.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.04.34.173.983.863.843.83.643.4220122013201420152016201720182019202020215Description:Inthefiscalyear2021,thefinaldisposalvolumeofwasteinJapanstoodatapproximately3.42millionmetrictons,downfromaround4.65millionmetrictonsinfiscal2012.HouseholdwasterepresentedthelargesttypeofwastethatwasgeneratedinJapan.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2012to2021;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyearSource(s):MOE(Japan)AnnualaveragefineparticulatematterconcentrationinJapanfrom2018to2022(inmicrogramspercubicmeterofair)AveragePM2.5concentrationJapan2018-202214121210811.49.89.19.16420201820192020202120226Description:In2022,theaveragefineparticulatematterconcentrationinJapanstoodat9.1microgramspercubicmeterofair.Thefiguredecreasedinrecentyears,comparedto12microgramspercubicmeterin2018.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2018to2022Source(s):IQAirMostpollutedcitiesbasedonfineparticulatematterconcentrationinJapanasofAugust2022(inmicrogramspercubicmeterofair)MostpollutedcitiesbasedonPM2.5concentrationJapan2022AveragePM2.5concentrationinmicrogramspercubicmeter0102030405060708090100Atami,ShizuokaKoga,Ibaraki9584Maebashi,Gunma8282Minamata,KumamotoHoncho,Gunma78Motomachi,FukushimaMaebarahigashi,chibaSakurajimafujinocho,KagoshimaShinwamachiIkariishi,KumamotoHatogaya-honcho,Saitama76747272707/statistics/1332551/japan-most-polluted-cities-based-on-pm-25-concentrationAsofAugust17,2022,AtamiinShizuokaprefecturewasthemostpollutedcity,withafineparticulatematterpollutionof95microgramspercubicmeterofair.TheoverallfineparticulatematterconcentrationinJapandecreasedinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;asofAugust18,2022Source(s):IQAirCHAPTER

02AirpollutionGreenhousegasemissionsinJapanfromfiscalyear2000to2021(inmilliontonsofCO2equivalent)AnnualgreenhousegasemissionsJapanFY2000-20211,4501,4081,3951,3961,4001,3501,3001,2501,2001,1501,1001,3821,3811,3781,3761,3741,3601,3591,3541,3521,3221,3201,3031,3021,2891,2501,2451,2101,1701,1472000

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20219Description:Inthefiscalyear2021,thetotalemissionsofgreenhousegasesinJapanamountedtoapproximately1.17billiontonsofCO2equivalent.Carbondioxideemissionsaccountedforover90percentofthetotalgreenhousegasemissions.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2000to2021;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyearSource(s):GreenhouseGasInventoryOfficeofJapanGreenhousegasemissionsinJapaninthefiscalyear2021,bytype(inmilliontonsofCO2equivalent)GreenhousegasemissionsJapanFY2021,bytypeEmissionsinmilliontonsofCO2equivalent400

60002008001,0001,200CarbondioxideHydrofluorocarbonsMethane1,06459.127.4Nitrousoxide19.5PerfluorocarbonsSulfurhexafluorideNitrogentrifluoride3.220.3810Description:Inthefiscalyear2021,theamountofcarbondioxidereleasedinJapanamountedtoapproximatelyonebilliontonsofCO2equivalent.Carbondioxiderepresentedover90percentofthetotalgreenhousegasemissionsinthatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2021;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyearSource(s):GreenhouseGasInventoryOfficeofJapan;MOE(Japan)CarbondioxideemissionsinJapaninfiscalyear2021,bysector(inmilliontonsofCO2)CO2emissionsJapanFY2021,bysectorEmissionsinmilliontonsofCO2150

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250050100300350400450430500Energyconversion*Industry*Transportation*269178Commercialindustry*Households*59.951.64329.9Industrialprocesses**Waste**Other(indirectCO2,etc,)**2.911Description:Inthefiscalyear2021,theamountofcarbondioxidethatwasreleasedbytheenergyconversionsectorinJapanamountedtoapproximately430milliontonsofCO2.CarbondioxidehadthelargestshareofgreenhousegasemissionsinJapan,accountingforover90percentofgreenhousegases.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2021;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyear;*Energy-relatedCO2emissions.**Non-energyrelatedCO2emissions.Figureshavebeenrounded.

ReadmoreSource(s):GreenhouseGasInventoryOfficeofJapan;MOE(Japan)Distributionofcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsinJapaninfiscalyear2021,byfueltypeShareofCO2emissionsJapanFY2021,byfueltypeShareofemissions20%0%5%10%15%25%30%35%40%OilproductsCoal36.1%30.6%NaturalgasCoalproductsTowngasOil12.9%12.1%8.2%0.1%12Description:Inthefiscalyear2021,oilproductsconstitutedthelargestshareoffueltypesgeneratingcarbondioxideemissionsinJapan,accountingformorethan36percent.Coalfollowedasthesecondlargestfueltype,responsibleformorethan30percentofcarbondioxideemissionsinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2021;thefiscalyearinJapanstartsonApril1standendsonMarch31stthefollowingyearSource(s):GreenhouseGasInventoryOfficeofJapanShareofstationsthatarecompliantwithambientairqualitystandardsforfineparticulatematterinJapanfromfiscalyear2015to2020ShareofstationsthatmeetPM2.5standardsJapanFY2015-2020120%98.7%98.3%100%80%60%40%20%0%93.5%89.9%88.7%74.5%20152016201720182019202013Description:Inthefiscalyear2020,therateofstationsincompliancewithambientairqualitystandardsforfineparticulatematter(PM2.5)stoodat98.3percent.Thefigureincreasedcomparedto74.5percentin2015.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyears2015to2020;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyear;ambientstations;excludingroadsidestationsSource(s):MOE(Japan)ShareofroadsidestationsthatarecompliantwithairqualitystandardsforfineparticulatematterinJapanfromfiscalyear2015to2020ShareofroadsidestationsthatmeetPM2.5standardsJapanFY2015-2020120%98.3%98.3%100%80%60%40%20%0%93.1%88.3%86.2%58.4%20152016201720182019202014Description:Inthefiscalyear2020,therateofroadsidestationsincompliancewithambientairqualitystandardsforfineparticulatematter(PM2.5)stoodat98.3percent.Thefigureincreasedcomparedto58.4percentin2015.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyears2015to2020;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyearSource(s):MOE(Japan)CHAPTER

03MarinepollutionNumberofmarinepollutioncasesinJapanfrom2013to2022NumberofmarinepollutioncasesJapan2013-20226005004934684554534374324254143923804003002001000201320142015201620172018201920202021202216Description:In2022,therewere468casesofmarinepollutioninJapan.Inthatyear,themajorityofconfirmedmarinepollutioncasesinJapanwasrecordedintheSetoInlandSea.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2013to2022Source(s):JCGNumberofconfirmedmarinepollutioncasesinJapanin2022,byseaareaNumberofmarinepollutioncasesJapan2022,byseaareaNumberofmarinepollutioncases0102030405060708090SetoInlandSea(excludingOsakaBay)CoastalKyushu8469EasternCoastofHonshuJapanSeaCoast6652CoastofHokkaidoTokyoBay5045IseBay31SoutherncoastofHonshuSouthwesternSeaOsakaBay28281517Description:In2022,theSetoInlandSeaareashowed,with84confirmedcases,thehighestnumberofmarinepollutioncases,followedbyCoastalKyushuwith69confirmedcases.Intotal,468casesofmarinepollutionwereconfirmedinJapaneseseaareasduringtheperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2022Source(s):JCGNumberofmarinepollutioncasesinJapanin2022,bycauseNumberofmarinepollutioncasesJapan2022,bycauseNumberofmarinepollutioncases050100150200250300350OilWaste299148HazardousliquidsubstancesOthers81318Description:In2022,299oftheconfirmedcasesofmarinepollutioninJapanwerecausedbyoil.Inthatyear,themajorityofconfirmedmarinepollutioncasesinJapanwasrecordedintheSetoInlandSea.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2022Source(s):JCGNumberofreferralcasesformarineenvironmentallawviolationsinJapanfrom2013to2022NumberofmarineenvironmentallawviolationsJapan2013-20228007587497006005004003002001000661659661625626618606569201320142015201620172018201920202021202219Description:In2022,thenumberofmarineenvironmentallawviolationsamountedto618referralcasesinJapan,downfrom661inthepreviousyear.Closeto40percentofbreacheswererelatedtowastetreatmentandcleaning.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2013to2022Source(s):JCGLeadingwasteitemscollectedfromthecoastsandoceaninJapanin2021MostcommonwasteitemscollectedfromthecoastsandoceanJapan2021Numberofcollecteditems02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,000CigarettebuttsFoodwrappers10,4894,3283,9643,647Beveragebottles(plastic)Bottlecaps(plastic)Beveragecans2,204Glassbottles1,2131,1301,021981Grocerybags(plastic)OthertrashStraws,stirrersCups,plates(plastic)51220Description:In2021,cigarettebuttsweretheleadingwastethatwascollectedfromtheoceanandcoastsinJapan,addinguptoovertenthousandsuchitemsthatwerecollected.Inthesameyear,themajorityofmarinepollutioncaseswerecausedbyoil-relatedincidents,followedbywastepollution.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2021Source(s):OceanConservancyCHAPTER

04LandpollutionAmountofwastegeneratedinJapanfromfiscalyear2012to2021(inmillionmetrictons)VolumeofgeneratedwasteJapanFY2012-20215045.2344.8744.3243.984540353025201510543.1742.8942.7342.7441.6740.950201220132014201520162017201820192020202122/statistics/689302/japan-annual-waste-volumeInthefiscalyear2021,thetotalvolumeofwastedisposedofinJapanamountedtoapproximately41millionmetrictons.Thefiguredecreasedsteadilythroughoutthepastdecade,comparedtoaround45.2millionmetrictonsinfiscalyear2012.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2012to2021;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyearSource(s):MOE(Japan)DisposalvolumeofplasticwasteinJapanfrom2012to2021(inmillionmetrictons)VolumeofplasticwasteJapan2012-2021109.49.299.268.7998765432108.68.638.618.58.228.24201220132014201520162017201820192020202123Description:In2021,thevolumeofplasticwasteinJapanamountedtoapproximately8.2milliontons.Thisrepresentedadecreasefromoverninemilliontonsin2012.EventhoughthevolumeofplasticwastegeneratedinJapandecreasedthroughoutthepastdecade,plasticwastepollutionremainsamajorenvironmentalissue.Plastictakesupto500yearstodecomposeandrepresentsathreattothehealthofhumansandanimalswhenendingupinthefoodchainintheformofmicroplastic.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2012to2021Source(s):PWTINumberofelectrichouseholdappliancesdisposedofillegallyinJapanfromfiscalyear2012to2021(in1,000units)NumberofelectrichouseholdappliancesdumpedillegallyJapanFY2012-2021140116.512010080604020092.574.669.762.354.254.253.251.46201944.5420212012201320142015201620172018202024Description:Inthefiscalyear2021,approximately44.54thousandcategoryfourelectrichouseholdapplianceswereillegallydisposedofinJapan.Figuresdecreasedcomparedtoaround116.5thousandinfiscalyear2012.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2012to2021;thefiscalyearinJapanstartsonApril1standendsonMarch31stthefollowingyearSource(s):AEHA(Japan);MOE(Japan)AmountofmunicipalwastedisposedatlandfillsinJapanfrom2011to2020(in1,000metrictons)VolumeofmunicipalwastedisposedatlandfillsJapan2011-20207005936005004003002001000574567525468439426419398367201120122013201420152016201720182019202025Description:In2020,thevolumeofmunicipalwastedisposedatlandfillsinJapanamountedtoapproximately367thousandmetrictons.Figuresindicatedadownwardtrendthroughoutthepastdecade.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;2011to2020Source(s):OECDRemainingcapacityoflandfillsitesforfinalwastedisposalinJapanfromfiscalyear2012to2021(incubichectometers)RemainingcapacityoflandfillsitesJapanFY2012-2021120112.26107.41105.82104.04102.87101.3499.9699.5899.8498.45100806040200201220132014201520162017201820192020202126Description:Inthefiscalyear2021,theremainingcapacityoflandfillsitesforfinalwastedisposalinJapanstoodatapproximately98.5cubichectometers.Theremainingcapacitydecreasedcomparedtoaround112.3cubichectometersin2012.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2012to2021;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyearSource(s):MOE(Japan)RecyclingrateofthetotalwastegeneratedinJapanfromfiscalyear2012to2021RecyclingrateofwasteJapanFY2012-202120.7%20.6%20.6%20.5%20.5%20.3%20.1%19.9%19.7%19.5%20.4%20.3%20.2%20%19.9%201819.9%202119.6%2019201220132014201520162017202027Description:Infiscalyear2021,therecyclingrateofthetotalwastethatwasgeneratedinJapanstoodatalmost20percent,downfrom20.5percentinfiscalyear2012.HouseholdwasterepresentedthemajorityofthegeneratedwasteinJapan.

ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;fiscalyear2012to2021;theJapanesefiscalyearstartsonApril1ofthestatedyearandendsonMarch31ofthefollowingyearSource(s):MOE(Japan)CHAPTER

05ImpactonJapanesepeopleShareofconsumerswhothoughtsingle-useplasticsshouldbebannedintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountryorterritoryShareofconsumersinfavorofasingle-useplasticbanAPAC2022,bycountryShareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%95.1%IndiaPhilippinesAustraliaChina89.4%89.2%88.6%87.6%87.2%87.2%MalaysiaVietnamThailandIndonesiaHongKongSingaporeJapan82.7%74.4%74.2%57.8%29Description:InasurveyconductedacrosselevenmarketsintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,morethan95percentofrespondentsinIndiasharedthesentimentthatsingle-useplasticsshouldbebanned.Incontrast,closeto58percentofrespondentsinJapanwereinfavorofasingle-useplasticsban.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;6,000respondentsSource(s):SandpiperCommunicationsShareofconsumersworriedaboutoceanpollutionintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountryorterritoryShareofconsumersworriedaboutoceanpollutionAPAC2022,bycountryShareofrespondents30%0%10%20%40%50%60%IndonesiaPhilippinesJapan51.7%51.6%48.6%ThailandMalaysiaIndia47%44.2%44.1%44%VietnamSingaporeHongKongAustraliaChina40.6%39.6%35.6%30.1%30Description:InasurveyconductedacrosselevenmarketsintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,closeto52percentofrespondentsinIndonesiastatedtobeworriedaboutthefuturedevelopmentofoceanpollution.Incontrast,justover30percentofrespondentsinChinasharedthisconcern.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;6,000respondentsSource(s):SandpiperCommunicationsAwarenessofsearelatedissuesamongJapanesepeopleasofJune2022AwarenessofmarineproblemsJapan2022Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%Ourseafoodconsumptioncannotremainthesameduetooverfishingandchangesintheecosystem84%Climatechangeandchangesinthesea,suchastherecentaggravationofheatwavesandtyphoonsduringsummer,arecloselyrelated82%Asaround80percentofmarinedebriscomesfromtheland,reducinghouseholdwastecanreducethemarinewastepollution79%DespiteJapan'splasticproductionbeingoneofthelargestintheworld,itsplasticrecyclingrateisonly24percent68%Seafoodproductionvolumecannotincreaseasaround90percentoftheworld'sfisharebeingcurrentlyused59%31Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinJune2022aboutthegeneralawarenessofmarineissuesinJapan,84percentofrespondentsstatedthattheywereawareoftheuntenabilityofthecurrentlevelofseafoodconsumption.AwarenessofthenegativeimpactofclimatechangeonnaturalphenomenathatdirectlyimpactthedailylifeinJapanwasalmostequallyhigh.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;June10toJune15,2022;11,600respondents;15-69years;numbersincludebothrespondentswhoanswered"Iamsomewhataware"andthosewhostated"Iamwellawareoftheseissues"Source(s):TheNipponFoundationLevelofconsciousnessofrecyclingplasticproductsinJapanasofFebruary2023LevelofawarenessofrecyclingplasticproductsJapan202350%44.4%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%25%12.1%10.2%8.3%0%VeryawareAwaretosomedegreeNeitherNotveryawareNotawareatall32Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinJapaninFebruary2023,over44percentofrespondentsstatedthattheywereconscioustosomedegreeaboutrecyclingplasticproducts.Themajorityofrespondentsstatedtobealwaysawareorsometimesawareofrecyclingplasticproducts.ReadmoreNote(s):Japan;February15to22,2023;529respondents;20yearsandolderSource(s):esaLevelofawarenessofthetermcarbonneutralityinJapanasofDecember2022LevelofawarenessofthetermcarbonneutralityJapan202245%40%35%30%25%38.1%25.1%18.9%20%15%10%5%17.9%0%KnowitsmeaningKnowtheword,butnotitsmeaningMayhaveheardofitsome