2023年学位英语模拟题答案

一、词汇和语法(1-201.Itisobviousthatthisnewruleisapplicabletoeveryonewithout_____.A.exceptionB.exclusionC.modificationD.substitution[答案]A[译文]很明显，这条规定合用于任何人，没有例外。[解析]Withoutexception为固定搭配，表达“毫无例外，无一例外”。Exclusion表达“排除，排外”;modification的意思是“更改，修正”;substitution表达“替代”。2.Lastnighthesawtwodark_____enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.A.featuresB.figuresC.sketchesD.images[答案]B[译文]昨天晚上他看见两个黑影进了大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。[解析]Feature表达“特性，特点”;sketch的意思是“素描，梗概，草图”;image表达“形象”;而figure表达“外形，轮廓，体型”，符合上下文。3.Facedwithrapidinflationand_____internationalandhomemarkets,manyfirmshavedeclaredbankrupt.A.lesseningB.shorteningC.shrinkingD.withdrawing[答案]C。考察近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是：选项Alessening减少，减轻，侧重指限度、重要性等的减轻。如：Thedefeatlessenedourchancesofwinningthechampionship.本次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessentheburdenof减轻承担;选项Bshortening缩短，变短，如Thedaysarebeginningtoshorten.天开始变短了。shortenthegapbetween缩小……之间的差距;选项Cshrinking使收缩，缩小，减少，侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如：Thenumberofstudentsattendingthelecturehasshrunk.听讲座的学生人数减少了。Willthissoapshrinkwoolenclothes?这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项Dwithdrawing收回，撤退，撤消，如：Afterawhile,hewithdrewhisproposal.过了一会儿，他撤回了他的建议。根据题意可判断出选项C应为对的答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场，许多公司都已宜布破产”。4.We'dbettereliminatejunkfoodsfromourkitchenandkeepavarietyofhigh-qualityfoods_____atalltimes.A.availableB.desirableC.enormousD.numerous[答案]A。考察形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是：选项Aavailable现成可使用的，在手边的，可运用的;选项Bdesirable称心如意的，值得有的，如IenvyJanebecauseherjobissodesirable.我很羡慕简，由于她有一份很称心的工作。选项Cenormous巨大的，极大的，庞大的;选项Dnumerous许多的，很多的，如：Thisisaconclusionhehasdrawnfromnumerousfacts.这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A应为对的答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品，而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。5.Thepurposeofyourresumeisto_____enoughinterestinyoutohaveanemployercontactyouforaninterview.A.assembleB.generateC.yieldD.gather[答案]B。考察动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思分别是：选项Aassemble意为“集合，聚集，召集;装配”，如：Thewholeschoolassembledinthemainhall.全校学生在大礼堂集合。Beforeyouassemblethemodelplane,readtheinstructions.在你组装模型飞机前，先读说明书。选项Bgenerate意为“生成，产生(光、热、电等;引起(爱好等”，如：NewsoftheQueen'svisitisgeneratingalotofexcitement.女皇来访的消息使大家感到非常兴奋。选项Cyield意为“生产，产生(利润、回报等;投降，屈服”，如：Hisbusinessyieldsbigprofits.他的生意利润丰厚。选项Dgather意为“聚集，集合;收集，采集”，如：Manypeoplegatheredinthetownsquare.很多人聚集在市政广场。该题需注意选项B和选项C在搭配上的区别。根据题意，选项B应为对的答案。全句意思为是“简历就是要充足引起雇主对你的爱好，并达成进一步联系面试的目的”。6.Someconceptsmaybedifficulttograspchieflybecausetheymaybeunfamiliaror_____ideas,opinionswhichwealreadyhold.A.inaccordancewithB.inconflictwithC.infavorofD.inresponseto[答案]B。考察介词短语的语义。四个选项的意思分别是：选项Ainaccordancewith依照，根据;选项Binconflictwith与……相冲突;选项Cinfavorof支持，赞同;选项Dinresponseto作为对……的反映。根据题意可判断出选项B为对的答案。全句的意思为“一些观念很难让人领略重要是由于我们对其不熟悉或者是由于与我们原有的观点相矛盾”。7.Thecitygovernmenthasdeterminedtoget_____withpeoplewhotrytoescapepayingtaxes.A.roughB.toughC.rigidD.bold[答案]B。考察形容词语义及搭配。能与介词with搭配的只有选项Btough，gettoughwith/onsb.意为“对……采用坚决态度;对……采用强硬手段”。其余选项的意思分别是：选项Arough意为“粗糙的;粗野的，粗暴的;粗略的，大体的”;选项Crigid(行为观点等严格的，死板的，不易改变的;选项Dbold意为“勇敢的，无畏的;冒失的，鲁莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部门决心采用强硬手段来惩办偷税人员”。8.Humanbeingsaresuperiortoanimals_____theycanuselanguageasatooltocommunicate.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.inthatD.forthat答案：C详解：答案为C。inthat表达“由于，既然”9.Doyouknowthenameofthat_____insect?A.funny,little,red,mosquito-likeB.little,funny,mosquito-like,redC.red,little,funny,mosquito-likeD.mosquito-like,red,little,funny答案：A详解：答案为A。本题考核修饰语的排列顺序：限定词—数词—一般描绘性形容词—表达大小、形状的形容词—表达年龄、新旧的形容词—表达色彩的形容词—表达国籍、地区、出处的形容词—表达物质、材料的形容词—表达用途、类别的形容词—被修饰名词。了解个大约顺序，假如记不得，只有读几遍凭语感来选择。10.Thetimehascome_____wemakeextensiveuseofnuclearenergy.A.WhenB.whileC.asD.since答案：A详解：答案为A。when引导的定语从句修饰time，有时为了使句子平衡，也就是使主语不必过长，而把定语从句或同位语从句后置于谓语之后。如：Thenewscamethatourteamwonthematch.11.ProfessorBlackandprofessorSmithwill_____ingivingtheclasslectures.A.alterB.changeC.alternateD.differ答案：C详解：答案为C。alternate指“交替”;alter指“改变”。12.Wedriveourcarfastandsoon_____othercarsontheroad.A.overseeB.overtakeC.overrunD.override答案：B【译文】我们开得不久，一会儿就超越了公路上的其他汽车。【注释】overtake“追上，赶上，超过”。oversee“俯瞰;监督，监视”。overrun“溢出;(侵略军横行于”。override“奔越过，践踏过;制服，压倒”。13.Arethereanyotherfactorsthatmightaffectthedevelopmentofachild______educationandinnateinability?A.apartfromB.awayfromC.farfromD.butfor答案：A详解：应选A项。apartfrom除……之外，awayfrom远离，farfrom远非，butfor要不是。句意为：除了教育和先天的局限性，尚有什么其他因素会影响一个孩子的发展?14.Iwouldneverhaveencouragedyoutogointothisfield_____itwouldbesohardforyou.A.hadIknownB.andIhadknownC.shouldIknowD.butIknew答案：A详解：应选A项。此句为虚拟语气，假如条件从句中包具有一个助动词，可把if省略，这时助动词应放在主语前面。句意为：要是我知道这件事情对你如此之难，我就不会鼓励你进入这个领域。15.Readingistothemind_____foodistothebody.A.whatB.thatC.similarD.which答案：A详解：应选A项。what是关系代词，AistoBwhatCistoD，A对于B之间的关系如同C对于D。句意为：读书对于大脑来说就像食物对于身体同样。16.Jane's_____forgardeningisevidentbyallofthesebeautifulflowers.A.acquaintanceB.familiarityC.achievementD.enthusiasm答案：D详解：应选D项。enthusiasm热衷，狂热，acquaintance相识，familiarity熟悉，achievement成就，功绩。句意为：从这些美丽的花可以明显看出简对园艺的热衷。17.Inthe1850'sHarrietBeecherStowe's"UncleTom'sCabin"becamethebestsellerofthegeneration,_____ahostofimitators.A.inspiringB.inspiredC.inspiredbyD.toinspire答案：A详解：应选A项。分词短语做状语。句意为：19世纪50年代，斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》成为30年来的畅销书，因而激起了一大群伪造者。18.Theyhavemadea_____plantobuildasuspensionbridgeovertheriver.A.baldB.boundC.boldD.bare答案：C详解：应选C项。bold大胆的，bald光秃的，bound被束缚了的，bare赤裸的;无遮盖的。句意为：他们已做出了一个大胆的计划要在这条河上建一所吊桥。19.Herhumorousremarksseemed_____,butwereinfactcarefullypreparedbeforehand.A.preciseB.blankC.spontaneousD.bold答案：C详解：应选C项。spontaneous自发的;自然产生的，precise精确的;准确的，blank空白的;空着的，bold大胆的。句意为：她的风趣的评论看起来仿佛很自然，但是事实上是事先认真准备好的。20.Arethereanyotherfactorsthatmightaffectthedevelopmentofachild_____educationandinnateinability?A.apartfromB.awayfromC.farfromD.butfor答案：A详解：应选A项。apartfrom除……之外，awayfrom远离，farfrom远非，butfor要不是。句意为：除了教育和先天的局限性，尚有什么其他因素会影响一个孩子的发展?二、阅读理解(21-40)Wheredopesticides(杀虫剂fitintothepictureofenvironmentaldisease?Wehaveseenthattheynowpollutesoil,water,andfood,thattheyhavethepowertomakeourstreamsfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.Man,howevermuchhemayliketopretendthecontrary,ispartofnature.Canheescapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlydistributedthroughoutourworld?Weknowthatevensingleexposurestothesechemicals,iftheamountislargeenough,cancauseextremelyseverepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.Thesuddenillnessordeathoffarmers,farmworkers,andothersexposedtosufficientquantitiesofpesticidesisverysadandshouldnotoccur.Forthepopulationasawhole,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayedeffectsofabsorbingsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatinvisiblypolluteourworld.Responsiblepublichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicalsarecumulativeoverlongperiodsoftime,andthatthedangertotheindividualmaydependonthesumoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetime.Fortheseveryreasonsthedangeriseasilyignored.Itishumannaturetoshakeoffwhatmayseemtousathreatoffuturedisaster."Menarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobvioussigns,"saysawisephysician,Dr.ReneDubos,"yetsomeoftheirworstenemiesslowlyapproachthemunnoticed."21.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothesentence"Man,...ispartofnature."(Line3,Para.1)?A.Manappearsindifferenttowhathappensinnature.B.Manactsasifhedoesnotbelongtonature.C.Mancanavoidtheeffectsofenvironmentalpollution.D.Mancanescapehisresponsibilitiesforenvironmentalprotection.答案:B详解：B)。词汇题。答题关键在于对的理解"liketopretendthecontrary"几个词的含义，这几个词字面原意为：喜欢假装相反。把它与原句结合起来看，这一句的意思是：人类，尽管经常表现得恰好相反，却是自然的一部分。据此句意来套四个选择项，就可看出B)(人类表现得仿佛他不属于自然是对的答案。22.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheenvironmentaleffectsofpesticides?A.Pessimistic.B.Indifferent.C.Defensive.D.Concerned.答案:D详解：D)。观点题。本文就作者对杀虫剂的环境后果的态度提问。纵观全文可知，作者在文中一一描述了杀虫剂明显和潜在的两方面危险，提醒人们重视其缓慢的长期效应，可见作者对这一问题是“关切的”D)项)，而非是“漠不关心的”B)项)。同时，作者在文中并未悲天悯人，认为杀虫剂的危害已不可救药，所以A)项“悲观的”也不符合题意。而C)项“防御性的”，在文中并无根据，由于在文中作者并未提出该如何解决杀虫剂的环境后果问题，因此只有D)是最符合题意的对的答案。23.Intheauthor'sview,thesuddendeathcausedbyexposuretolargeamountsofpesticides_____.A.isnottheworstofthenegativeconsequencesresultingfromtheuseofpesticidesB.nowoccursmostfrequentlyamongallaccidentaldeathsC.hassharplyincreasedsoastobecomethecenterofpublicattentionD.isunavoidablebecausepeoplecan'tdowithoutpesticidesinfarming答案:A详解：A)。推断题。本题的答案重要见于第二段。从"Butthisisnotthemajorproblem".(但这并不是重要问题及"...,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayedeffects...，(我们必须更关切由于小剂量地吸取无形中污染了我们世界的杀虫剂而导致的延迟的后果”我们可从中推断出作者认为“由于大剂量吸入杀虫剂而忽然致死”还不是最糟糕的情况，故A)是对的的。而B)、C)、D)项的内容在文中均未提及，所以无法判断是否是作者的观点，因而不能入选对的答案。24.Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsofexposuretochemicalsbecause_____.A.limitedexposuretothemdoeslittleharmtopeople'shealthB.thepresentismoreimportantforthemthanthefutureC.thedangerdoesnotbecomeapparentimmediatelyD.humansarecapableofwithstandingsmallamountsofpoisoning答案:C详解：C)。推断题。本题可用筛选法，一一排除错误答案。人们容易忽视吸入有毒化学物质所带来的延迟后果，到底是由于什么呢?先看A)：有限的吸取不会给人类健康带来危害。根据第三段内容可知，有毒化学物质的生物效果是累积的，并且累积越多，危险越大，因此，即使是有限的吸取，也会有潜伏的危险，可见A)项内容错误。同样D)项“人类能经受住小剂量有毒物质危害”显然也不对。再看B)：现在比将来重要。根据最后一段第三句，人类的本性是会忽略将来的危险的，但这并不等于说现在就更重要，所以B)项也没有对的解释本题中的因素。只有C)项“危险并没有立刻显示出来”，符合原文意旨，特别是最后一句的句意，所以C)是对的答案。25.ItcanbeconcludedfromDr.Dubos'remarksthat_____.A.peoplefindinvisiblediseasesdifficulttodealwithB.attacksbyhiddenenemiestendtobefatalC.diseaseswithobvioussignsareeasytocureD.peopletendtooverlookhiddendangerscausedbypesticides答案:D详解：D。推断题。本题关键在于对的理解Dr.Dubos的评论。原句意为：人类很自然地最容易对那些具有征兆的疾病印象深刻，然而有些最致命的疾病却是慢慢地毫无察觉地击中他们的。据此句意，可以容易地推断出D)为对的答案。Whenaconsumerfindsthatanitemsheorheboughtisfaultyorinsomeotherwaydoesnotliveuptothemanufacturer'sclaimforit,thefirststepistopresentthewarranty(保单,oranyotherrecordswhichmighthelp,atthestoreofpurchase.Inmostcases,thisactionwillproduceresults.However,ifitdoesnot,therearevariousmeanstheconsumermayusetogainsatisfaction.Asimpleandcommonmethodusedbymanyconsumersistocomplaindirectlytothestoremanager.Ingeneral,the"higherup"theconsumertakeshisorhercomplaint,thefasterheorshecanexpectittobesettled.Insuchacase,itisusuallysettledintheconsumer'sfavour,assumingheorshehasajustclaim.Consumersshoudcomplaininpersonwheneverpossible,butiftheycannotgettotheplaceofpurchase,itisacceptabletophoneorwritethecomplaintinaletter.Complainingisusuallymosteffectivewhenitisdonepolitelybutfirmly,andespeciallywhentheconsumercandemonstratewhatiswrongwiththeiteminquestion.Ifthiscannotbedone,theconsumerwillsucceedbestbypresentingspecificinformationastowhatiswrong,ratherthanbymakinggeneralstatements.Forexample,"Theleftspeakerdoesnotworkatallandthesoundcomingoutoftherightoneisunclear"isbetterthan"Thisstereo(立体声音响doesnotwork."Thestoremanagermayadvisetheconsumertowritetothemanufacturer.Ifso,theconsumershoulddothis,statingthecomplaintaspolitelyandasfirmlyaspossible.Butifapolitecomplaintdoesnotachievethedesiredresult,theconsumercangoastepfurther.Sheorhecanthreatentotakethesellertocourtorreportthesellertoaprivateorpublicorganizationresponsibleforprotectingconsumers‘rights.26.Whenaconsumerfindsthathispurchasehasafaultinit,thefirstthingheshoulddoisto_____.A.complainpersonallytothemanagerB.threatentotakethemattertocourtC.writeafirmletterofcomplainttothestoreofpurchaseD.showsomewrittenproofofthepurchasetothestore答案：D解析：答案D.本题答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：当顾客发现他(她所买的商品有毛病或在其他方面未达成制造商所声称的标准时，第一步就是将保单或其他有助于解决问题的记录这家商店看。所以D“向这家商店出示书面证明”，与原文相符，是对的答案。而A“当面向经理申诉”，是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用，所以它不是此题答案。B“威胁将此事向法庭上诉”是在经理未能解决问题，写信给厂家也未能解决问题时才使用的方法，所以它也不是解决问题的第一步。C“给商店写一封态度强硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用的。所以A、B、C均不是对的答案。27.Ifaconsumerwantsaquicksettlementofhisproblem,it'sbettertocomplainto_____.A.ashopassistantB.thestoremanagerC.themanufacturerD.apublicorganization答案：B解析：答案B.此题源于第二段。作者认为许多消费者使用的简朴而又常用的办法是直接向商店经理投诉。28.Themosteffectivecomplaintcanbemadeby_____.A.showingthefaultyitemtothemanufacturerB.explainingexactlywhatiswrongwiththeitemC.sayingfirmlythattheitemisofpoorqualityD.askingpolitelytochangetheitem答案：B解析：答案B.原文第四段的大意是：当顾客申诉商品有质量问题时，态度要坚定、有礼貌，特别是假如消费者当场演示就能最有效地达成申诉目的。不能当场演示时也要提出比较具体的质量间题。A、C、D三项都是泛泛地说质量差、有毛病，而没能说出该商品哪一个具体的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解决问题的办法。而B项“准确解释商品哪里有问题”与原文相符，是对的答案。29.Thephrase"liveupto"(Para.1,Line2.inthecontextmeans_____.A.meetthestandardofB.realizethepurposeofC.fulfilthedemandsofD.keepthepromiseof答案：A解析：答案A.liveupto所在句子的意思是：“当顾客发现他所购买的商品有毛病或在某种限度上没有达成制造商所声称的标准时，…”。B项“实现(制造商所声称的目的”，句意不通;C项“满足(制造商所声称的规定”;D项“履行(制造商所声称的承诺”，C、D两项均与原文意思不符。而A项“达成(制造商所声称的标准”正是原文所表达的意思，所以是对的答案。30.Tthepassagetellsus_____.A.howtosettleaconsumer'scomplaintaboutafaultyitemB.howtomakeaneffectivecomplaintaboutafaultyitemC.howtoavoidbuyingafaultyitemD.howtodealwithcomplaintsfromcustomers答案：B解析：答案B.从全文看，作者向读者推荐了几种申诉伪劣商品的办法，可见作者是站在顾客的立场上的。而A、D两项是站在卖方的立场;C项在文章中未提到，所以它们都不是对的答案。B项“如何有效地申诉有质量问题的商品”与原文意思相符是此题答案。Whatisexactlyalie?Isitanythingwesaywhichweknowisuntrue?Orisitsomethingmorethanthat?Forexample,supposeafriendwantstoborrowsomemoneyfromyou,yousay:IwishIcouldhelpyoubutI'mshortofmoneymyself.Infact,youarenotshortofmoney,butyourfriendisinthehabitofnotpayinghisdebtsandyoudon'twanttohurthisfeelingsbyremindinghimofthis.Isthisreallyalie?Ascientificstudyoflyingshowswomenarebetterliarsthanmen,particularlywhentellinga"whitelie"suchaswhenawomanatapartytellsanotherwomanthatshelikesherdresswhenshereallythinksitlooksterrible.However,thisisonlyonesideofthestory.Otherresearchesshowthatmenaremorelikelytotellmoreseriouslies,suchasmakingapromisewhichtheyhavenointentionoffulfilling.Thisisthekindofliepoliticiansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeparticularlyskilledat:theliefromwhichtheliarhopestoprofitorgaininsomeway.Researchhasalsobeendoneintothewaypeople'sbehaviorchangesinanumberofsmall,apparentlyunimportantwayswhentheylie.Ithasbeenfoundthatiftheyaresittingdownatthesametime,theytendtomoveaboutintheirchairsmorethanusual.TothetrainedobservertheyaresayingIwishIweresomewhereelsenow.31.Thispassagetellsusthat_____.A.tellingliesisoftennecessaryinordertoavoidbeingdefeatedB.tellingliesisoftenbadbecausepeopleoughtnottobedishonestC.tellingliesissometimesnecessaryinordernottohurtsomeoneelse'sfeelingsD.tellingliesisnotbadatallinmostcases[答案]C【解析】第一段作者举的例子，可以得出C“有时为了不伤害其别人的感情说谎是必须的”对的。其它选项的信息在文中没有明确出现。32.InParagraph2,thesentence"Womenarebetterliarsthanmendo."probablymeans_____.A.womenarebetterattellingliesthanmenB.womenliarsarebetteracceptedthanmenC.womenhaveabetterintentionwhentellingliesD.womentellfewerliesthanmendo[答案]C【解析】从第二段作者举例可知女人更爱说"whitelie"，即善意的谎言，而男人更有也许说一些严重的谎话。所以C选项“女人说谎时有较好的意图”符合原文。A选项说的太笼统，女人仅在说"whitelie"时比男人擅长，而说"seriouslie"则不及男人;B、D选项所给信息并未在文中出现。33.A"whitelie"means_____.A.aliethatiscompletelyunbelievableB.aliethatistoldwithagoodwillC.aliethatisalwaysbelievableD.aliethatoftenhasanevilpurpose[答案]B【解析】"whitelie"的意思是善意的谎言，从文中第二段女人说谎所举的例子也可以推断出B选项“带有善意所说的谎”为对的答案。34.Politiciansandbusinessmenaresupposedtobeskilledattellingthekindoflies_____.A.fromwhichtheymaygainsomeadvantagesB.thatseemstobebelievableC.thatwomenaremostlikelytobelieveD.withwhichtheycanhavebetterrelationshipwithothers[答案]A【解析】第二段最后一句“政治家和商人特别擅长说这种谎话，即可从这些谎言中赚钱或获利。”而A选项“他们或许可以从中赢得一些好处”与之相一致。35.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____.A.thereisasimplewayoffindingoutifsomeoneislyingB.fromsomewayspeoplebehavewecanknowtheyarelyingC.certainemotionsareproofoflyingD.insomesituationswomenaremostlikelytothinkbusinessmenaredishonest[答案]B【解析】第三段第一句“对人们行为举止的研究表白：当人们说谎时，会以大量不起眼的、表面上不重要的方式改变自己的举止”为主题句，文章所得出的结论为B选项“从人们的一些行为举止，我们可以知道他们在说谎”，与主题句相一致。Howcanwegetridofgarbage?Dowehaveenoughenergysourcestomeetourfutureenergyneeds?Thesearetwoimportantquestionsthatmanypeopleareaskingtoday.Somepeoplethinkthatmanmightbeabletosolvebothproblemsatthesametime.Theysuggestusinggarbageasanenergysource,andatthesametimeitcansavethelandtoholdgarbage.Foralongtime,peopleburiedgarbageordumped(倾倒itonemptyland.Now,emptylandisscarce.Butmoreandmoregarbageisproducedeachyear.However,garbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlooklikecoal,petroleum,ornaturalgas;buttheyarechemicallysimilartothesefossil(化石fuels.Asweuseupourfossilfuelsupplies,wemightbeabletousegarbageasanenergysource.Burninggarbageisnotanewidea.SomecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStateshavebeenburninggarbageforyears.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboilwater.Thesteamthatisproducedisusedtomakeelectricityortoheatnearbybuildings.InParis,Ourfossilfuelsuppliesarelimited.Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanusetohelpmeetourenergyneeds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgar-bagepilingupontheearth.36.Whattwoproblemscanmansolvebyburninggarbage?A.Theshortageofenergyandairpollution.B.Theshortageofenergyandthelandtoholdgarbage.C.Airpollutionandtheshortageoffossilfuel.D.Airpollutionandtheshortageoflandtoholdgarbage.答案：B37.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultofburninggarbage?A.Thegarbageburnedisturnedintofossilfuels.B.Theheatproducedisusedtoboilwater.C.Thesteamproducedisusedtomakeelectricity.D.Thesteamproducedisusedtoheatbuildings.答案：A38.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.About2millionmetrictonsofgarbageisburnedinsomepowerplantsinPads,Franceeachyear.B.Inamodemsociety,moreandmoregarbageisproducedeachyear.C.Usinggarbageisagoodwaytosolvetheproblemofenergyshortage.D.Itwillbetooexpensivetousegarbageasanenergysource.答案：D39.Whatistheauthor'sattitude?A.Delighted.B.Sad.C.Agreeing.D.Disagreeing.答案：C40.ThebesttitleforthepassagemaybeA.GarbageandtheEarthB.FossilFuelandGarbageC.LandandGarbageD.Garbage--EnergySource答案：D三、完型填空(41-50)根据下面资料，回答下面试题Forreasonsofsafetyandeaseofmaintenance,Washingtonanddozensofothercommunitiesarebuildingrubbersidewalksmade(41.ground-uptiresofcarsandbikes.Therubbersquaresareuptothreetimesmoreexpensivethanconcretesquaresbut(42.longer,becausetreerootsandfreezingweatherwon'tcrackthem.That,(43),couldreducethenumberofslip-and-fallcomplaintsmade(44)unevenpavements.Theshock-absorbingsurfacealsohappenstobeeasieronthejointsofslowrunnersandmoreforgivingwhensomeoneslipsorfalls.Andtherubberside-walksareconsideredmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.They(45.awaytorecyclesomeoftheestimated290milliontires(46.outeachyearintheUnitedStates,andtheydonotrestricttreerootsthewayconcretesquares(47.Since2023,acompany,RubberSidewalks,hasbeengrindingthousandsofoldtiresintosmallpieces,(48.stickysubstancesandbakingthematerialintosidewalksectionsthatweighlessthanelevenpoundsasquarefoot,oraquarteroftheweightofconcrete.Therubbersquaresarenow(49.intwocolorsofgrayandorange.TheDistrictofColumbiahasspentabout$60,000toreplacebrokenconcretewiththerubbersquareshereandthereinaresidential(50)northeastofthecapital.41.A.ofB.onC.byD.for答案：A42.A.stayB.lastC.existD.survive答案：B解析：本题考察动词的词义辨析。stay意为“逗留，停留”;last意为“连续本来的状态”;exist意为“存在”;survive意为“幸存”。根据句意应当是说橡胶经久耐用，故选B。43.A.byturnsB.byreturnC.inturnD.inreturn答案：C解析：本题考察介词词组辨析。byturn意为“轮流，交替地”;byreturn意为“返回，反馈”;inturn意为“反过来”，常放在句子中间，表达转折;inreturn意为“作为回报”。根据上下文可知，树根和寒冷的天气不会使橡胶开裂，但成本要比水泥块高三倍，反过来，能减少因路面不平而引起的滑倒的投诉。44.A.forB.withC.toD.against答案：D解析：本题考察短语的词义辨析。makefor意为“导致，有助于，朝着…前进”;makewith意为“产生，提供”;没有maketo的搭配，常见的搭配是makesb.dosth.;makecomplaintsagainst是个固定搭配短语，意为“控告，对…进行投诉”。根据句意，和make前面的complaints不难判断选D。45.A.furnishB.offerC.giveD.refer答案：B解析：本题考察动词的词义辨析。furnish意为“提供某种有特殊用途的东西”，常用短语为furnishsth.tosb./furnishsb.sth.;offer意为“给别人东西，让别人来选择要不要”;give有“直接给予”的意思;refer常搭配介词to，意为“提到”。根据句意可知，橡胶人行道提供了一种回收运用废弃轮胎的方法。46.A.thrownB.throwingC.threwD.throws答案：A解析：本题考察语法结构。应用throw的过去分词作定语修饰轮胎(tires)，意为“被废弃的轮胎”，故选A项。47.A.doingB.doneC.didD.do答案：D解析：本题考察语法结构。本句是个省略句，前文提到restrict，后文为了避免反复，使用动词do来代替restricttreeroots。由于句子是一般现在时，并且concretesquares是复数，所以选D。48.A.addB.addedC.addingD.adds答案：C解析：本题考察语法结构。文章中的主语是rubbersidewalks，谓语hasbeen引导着三个并列的结构相同的分句，前面的grind和后面的bake都用的-ing形式。因此选C项adding。49.A.availableB.accessibleC.advisableD.achievable答案：A解析：本题考察形容词的词义辨析。available意为“可得到的，可运用的”;atcces-sible意为“可靠近的，可到达的”;advisable意为“合适的，可实行的”;achievable意为“可完毕的，可实现的”。根据句意，故选A。50.A.zoneB.locationC.positionD.Neighborhood答案：D解析：本题考察名词的词义辨析。zone意为“有特色的地区、地带”;location意为“某物设立的地点、方向”;position多指物体相对于其他物体所处的位置或立场;neigh-borhood指邻居或街坊四邻。根据句意应当是说在一处居民住宅区，故选D。四、翻译(51-55)51.Itisdete