2025版高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration提能训练

Unit4SpaceExplorationⅠ.阅读理解A(2024·辽宁省名校联盟联考)Herearebooksincludingstoriesrelatedtothemoon.Moon'sFirstFriendsbySusannaLeonardHillAges4to8Thisamazingbookwillintroducesomeinterestingelementslikeastronautsandspaceshipstoyourkids.Thisbookexplainshowthemoonalwaysstaysupinthesky,fromwhichitcouldwitnesseverythinghappeningovertheearthandthelifehere,butitdoesnothaveanylivingobjectsonitself,whichmightmakethemoonlonely.However,thelonelinessofthemoonendsuponedayashumansfromtheearthdecidetosendspaceshipsandastronautstothemoon.WhoseMoonIsThat?byKimKransAges3to7Curiositywithinkidsisunsatisfiable.Theyaregoingtolovethisstoryabouttheownershipofthemoon.Childrenwillgettolearnaboutdifferentanimalsthroughthestoryasdifferentanimalsclaimthatthemoonbelongstothemalongwiththestars.However,themoonbelongstonone,anditistheretospreadlight.Averyimportantlessonaboutrelationshipsandsharingisconveyedthroughthestory.MyLittleHalf-MoonbyDouglasToddJennerichAges5to8Thisbookwillallowyourkidtousetheirimaginationtoseekthereasonbehindthehalf-moon.Alittleboyinthestorybelievesthatthemoonishalfbecauseitlostitsotherhalf,whichmustbemakingitfeelalone.Thentheboydecidestostaytogetherwiththemoon.Thisbookishighlyrecommendedforyourchildwiththebeautifulmessageofkindness.ABigMooncakeforLittleStarbyGraceLinAges4to8Therecouldnotbeamoreinterestingmethodoflearningaboutthemoon'sphases.Thisstoryisaboutastarbakingamooncakewithhermother.However,bakingthemooncakeisnoteasyforthebabystarasthemoonkeepschangingitsshape.Thebookwouldencouragekidstogetengagedinactivitieslikecooking,andtheywouldalsogettoknowaboutthedifferentshapesofthemoon.语篇导读：本文主要介绍了四本关于月球的儿童读物。1．Whowritesthebooksuitableforathree-year-oldkid？BA．SusannaLeonardHill.B．KimKrans.C．DouglasToddJennerich.D．GraceLin.解析：微小环节理解题。依据题干中的年龄查看四本书的适龄对象，由“WhoseMoonIsThat?byKimKrans”部分中的Ages3to7可知，金·克兰斯写的书适合3岁孩子读。故选B。2．WhatdoMoon'sFirstFriendsandMyLittleHalf-Moonhaveincommon？CA．Theyteachchildrentobeconsiderate.B．Theyexplaintheimportanceofsharing.C．Theyinvolvehumanskeepingthemooncompany.D．Theyencouragechildrentobecomeastronauts.解析：微小环节理解题。3．Whichofthefollowingmakesithardforthebabystartomakethemooncake？DA．Thecomplexprocess.B．Lackofnicetools.C．Diversityofmaterials.D．TheMoon'schangeableshapes.解析：微小环节理解题。依据题干中的mooncake定位到ABigMooncakeforLittleStarbyGraceLin部分，由其中的第三句“However,bakingthemooncakeisnoteasyforthebabystarasthemoonkeepschangingitsshape.”可知，月亮的形态不断变更导致小星星做月饼很难。故选D。B(2024·重庆市质检)Nuclearbombs.That'sthego-toanswerforincomingspaceobjectslikeasteroids(小行星)andcomets,asfarasHollywoodisconcerned.MovieslikeDeepImpactandArmageddonrelyonnuclearweapons,deliveredbystarslikeBruceWillis,tosavetheworldanddeliverthedrama.Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality,ifastronomersspottedadangerousincomingspacerock,thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle,likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft.That'sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening,whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoanasteroidcalledDimorphos,whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreattoEarth.It'sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid.Inimagesstreamedastheimpactneared,theegg-shapedasteroidgrewinsizefromalittlespotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyintofocusbeforethesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget.Eventshappenedexactlyasengineershadplanned,theysaid,withnothinggoingwrong.“Asfaraswecantell,ourfirstplanetarydefensetestwasasuccess，”saidElenaAdams,themissionsystemsengineer,whoaddedthatscientistslookedonwith“bothterrorandjoy”asthespacecraftneareditsfinaldestination.TheimpactwasthepeakofNASA'sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(DART),a7-yearandmorethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspacevehicleinNovemberof2024toperformhumanity'sfirstevertestofplanetarydefensetechnology.Itwillbeabouttwomonths,scientistssaid,beforetheywillbeabletodetermineiftheimpactwasenoughtodrivetheasteroidslightlyoffcourse,probablyshorteningitsoriginalorbit.NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid-huntingspacetelescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026.“We'vetrackedlotsofspacerocks,especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-levelevents.Thankfully,nonecurrentlythreatensEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphoshaven'tyetbeendiscovered,andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashingdown，”explainsLindleyJohnson,NASA'sPlanetaryDefenseOfficer.语篇导读：本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局实施的行星防卫测试：假如发觉了紧急的太空岩石，最平安的解决措施就是利用小型航天器与其撞击，使其偏离轨道。4．Howdidscientistsknowthecrafthittheasteroidsuccessfully？AA．Thesignalfromthecraftwaslostasithitthetarget.B．Theyrecordedthewholeprocesswithatelescope.C．Thelittlespotonthescreensuddenlydisappeared.D．Theymonitoredthecraftwithsatellitesinspace.解析：微小环节理解题。依据第四段中的“thesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget”可知，飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消逝。故选A。5．Whatisthepurposeoflaunchingthespacecraft？DA．Tosearchforevidenceofalienlife.B．Toendtheasteroid'sthreattoEarth.C．Tosavetheworldanddeliveradrama.D．TotesttechnologyfordefendingEarth.解析：微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段第一句可知，这次撞击是美国国家航空航天局双小行星重定向测试的最关键测试。这个于2024年11月放射的航天器历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防卫技术测试。故选D。6．WhatcanbeinferredaboutDimorphos？CA．Itisadangerousincomingspacerock.B．Itisanegg-shapedasteroidaroundEarth.C．Itmayorbitthesameasteroidafterthehit.D．Itisexpectedtoblowupaftertheimpact.解析：推理推断题。依据第三段至第五段可知，美国国家航空航天局用一艘航天器撞向一颗名为Dimorphous的小行星，这颗小行星围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行，这次撞击是为了推动它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断撞击后，它很可能缩短自己的轨道，围着同一颗小行星运行。故选C。7．WhichstatementwillLindleyJohnsonprobablyagreewith？BA．Asteroidsareequallydestructivewhateverthesize.B．NEOSurveyorisaimedtotracksmallerasteroids.C．LargerasteroidswillnolongerthreatenEarth.D．NASAisresponsibleforthesafetyofEarth.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句可知，美国国家航空航天局支配在2026年放射一架名为“NEO测量者”的小行星搜寻太空望远镜。结合especiallythelargerones可知，探讨人员之前主要探讨大行星，但其实未被发觉的小行星才是对地球有威逼的。由此推断，“NEO测量者”的目标应当是发觉相对比较小的小行星。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·苏锡常镇四市调研)I'vebeenworkingasaUnitedNations(U.N.)PeacekeeperintheCentralAfricanRepublicforthepasttwoyears.Beforethis,IwasapilotandI1.Bmywork.However,Ifeltitwasmydutytohelpinnocentpeoplewhoarecaughtintrouble,soI2.DtheUnitedNations.TheCentralAfricanRepublicisarelativelysmallcountry.Sinceitgot3.CfromFranceinthe1960s,therehavebeenmanyviolentconflictsbetweenthegovernmentandrebels(反叛者)．In2012,acivilwarbegan,duetowhich,overonemillionpeoplewereforcedto4.Atheirhomesandthereweremanydeathsandinjuries.5.C,theUnitedNationsestablishedapeacekeeping6.Dinthecountry.Wepeacekeepers7.Ccitiesandvillagesto8.Athatnoconflictisoccurringandhelpbringsuppliesoffoodandmedicine.Wearea9.Bthatcankeeppeopleinconflictapart.Asawoman,Iamparticularly10.CasIcanactasarolemodelformanywomenandgirlsinthecountry.Whentheyseehowothersrespectme,theyfeelthattheyalso11.Atoberespectedandtreated12.B.Mylifeisnot13.Dinanyway!It'slonghoursinaverytoughenvironment.Ihavebasic14.Bwithjustabedinasharedroom.Ofcourse,beingawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsisalsoveryhardattimes.However,IknowthattheCentralAfricanRepublicissaferbecauseoftheU．N.Peacekeepers,andthatmakesitall15.C.语篇导读：本文讲解并描述了作者从一名女飞行员转行做了联合国维和部队中的一员，作者在文中不仅描述了她的工作，也表达了对自己工作的傲岸之情。1．A.hated B．enjoyedC．guarded D．changed解析：依据下文的“However”可知，作者应当是宠爱自己的飞行员工作的，但是她觉得帮助别人更加重要。enjoy意为“宠爱；享受”，符合语境。guard保卫，看管。故选B。2．A.ledupto B．lookeduptoC．keptupwith D．signedupwith解析：依据上文“Ifeltitwasmydutytohelpinnocentpeoplewhoarecaughtintrouble”可知，作者认为帮助那些陷入逆境的无辜者是她的责任，所以作者加入了联合国维和部队并执行任务。signupwith意为“和……签约”，符合语境。leadupto导致；lookupto敬重；keepupwith和……保持联系。故选D。3．A.treatment B．technologyC．independence D．inspiration解析：依据上下文和常识可知，中非共和国是一个相对较小的国家，自20世纪60年头从法国独立以来，政府和反叛者之间就冲突不断。independence意为“独立”，符合语境。treatment对待，治疗；technology技术；inspiration灵感，启发。故选C。4．A.flee B．returnC．sweep D．tend解析：依据上文“In2012,acivilwarbegan”可知，国家内部出现斗争，人们应当是逃离了自己的家乡。flee意为“逃走，逃跑”，符合语境。return返回；sweep打扫，席卷；tend照看，护理。故选A。5．A.Inturn B．InsurpriseC．Inresponse D．Inaddition解析：依据上文“acivilwarbegan”和下文“theUnitedNationsestablishedapeacekeeping6inthecountry”可知，联合国在中非执行维和任务是对内战的回应。inresponse意为“作为回应”，符合语境。inturn反过来，轮番；insurprise惊异地；inaddition另外。故选C。6．A.measure B．reputationC．business D．mission解析：依据语境和常识可知，联合国应当是在这个国家执行维和任务。mission意为“任务”，符合语境。measure方法，措施；reputation名声，名誉；business生意。故选D。7．A.follow B．expandC．monitor D．block解析：依据语境和常识可知，作为维和部队的成员他们应当监管城市和乡村。monitor意为“监控，监管”，符合语境。follow追随；expand扩张；block阻挡，阻挡。故选C。8．A.insure B．proveC．report D．predict解析：依据上下文语境可知，维和人员监管城市和乡村是为了确保没有冲突发生以及供应食物和药品。insure意为“确保”，符合语境。prove证明；report报道；predict预料。故选A。9．A.bridge B．barrierC．castle D．shelter解析：依据上下文语境可知，作者所在的维和部队任务是保证人们的平安，所以他们应当是让人们远离冲突的屏障。barrier意为“壁垒，屏障”，符合语境。bridge桥梁：castle城堡；shelter避难所。故选B。10．A.protected B．trustedC．valued D．doubted解析：依据下文“Whentheyseehowothersrespectme”可知，作为一名女性，作者特殊受重视，因为作者可以成为这个国家许多妇女和女孩的榜样。value意为“重视”，符合语境。protect疼惜；trust信任；doubt怀疑。故选C。11．A.deserve B．preferC．plan D．fail解析：依据上文的“also”以及下文“berespected”可知，看到作者受重视，其他的非洲女性也觉得和作者一样，她们也值得被敬重。deserve意为“值得，应得”，符合语境。prefer更宠爱；fail失败。故选A。12．A.gently B．equallyC．seriously D．honestly解析：依据上文“berespectedandtreated”可知，连词and表顺承关系，结合respected的意思可知，她们应当被同等对待。equally意为“同等地”，符合语境。gently和顺地；seriously严峻地；honestly忠诚地。故选B。13．A.boring B．rewardingC．difficult D．fancy解析：依据下文“It'slonghoursinaverytoughenvironment.”可知，作者生活环境特殊艰苦，因此生活并不是奢华的。fancy意为“奢华的，精致的”，符合语境。boring乏味的；rewarding值得做的；difficult困难的。故选D。14．A.association B．accommodationC．administration D．adaptation解析：依据上文提到生活环境特殊艰苦以及下文“withjustabedinasharedroom”可知，作者只有最基本的住宿条件。accommodation意为“住宿”，符合语境。association协会；administration行政部门；adaptation适应。故选B。15．A.available B．ambitiousC．worthwhile D．educational解析：依据上文“However,IknowthattheCentralAfricanRepublicissaferbecauseoftheU．N.Peacekeepers,andthatmakesitall15.”可知，中非因为维和人员变得更加平安，作者作为其中一员应当是感到值得的。worthwhile意为“值得的”，符合语境。available可利用的，有空的；ambitious有志向的；educational有教化意义的。故选C。Ⅲ.七选五(2024·广东省模拟)HowStarWarsChangedMoviemakingForever“Maytheforcebewithyou！”IfyouareaStarWarsfan,thenyouhaveprobablyheardthisphrasemanytimes.1.FSomanycharacters,devices,andphrasesfromthemoviehavebecomewell-known.Butyoumightbesurprisedtofindouthowmuchthismoviehaschangedhowmoviesaremade.“Alongtimeagoinagalaxyfar,faraway...”ishowStarWarsbegins.Itsplotwasnotground-breaking.2.BThestorywastypicalsciencefictionwithlotsofdrama,traditionalcharactersandgoodbattlingevil,inspaceandinhand-to-handfight.ItwasthespecialeffectsthatmadeStarWarsstandoutfromothermovies.Peoplestilltalkaboutthelightswords(剑)thatcouldcut,burnandmeltthroughmostsubstances.Spaceshipsspedthroughspaceandlandedonhuge,realistic-lookingspacestations.3.CWhenStarWarsfirstcameoutin1977,mostmovietheaterswerestand-alonebuildings,withjustonemoviescreen.UsingthemoneyStarWarshadmadeforthem,movie-theaterownersbuiltmoretheaters,leadingtothemultiplexes(多厅影院)thatarecommontoday.Theatersneededmoremoviestoshowonalltheadditionalmoviescreensandinallthenewmultiplexes.Sonewmoviecompaniessprangup,includingsmallonescreatingexperimentalmovies.4.ASomeofthemethodsbecamepopularandothersfailed.But,thankstoStarWars,peoplegottoseenewtypesofmovies.5.ETherehadbeenmoviecontinuationspreviously,buttheywereoftenjustpoorimitationsofthefirstmovie.TheStarWarsmovieswereallpopular.Therehavebeentwotrilogies(三部曲)sofar,withmoreplanned.A．Theytriedoutnewtechniques.B．Infact,itwasquiteold-fashioned.C．Moviegoershadneverseenanythinglikeit.D．Thus,audiencebegantoenjoysciencefictionmoviesthere.E．StarWarswasthefirstreallysuccessfulmovietrilogyinhistory.F．Ifyouarenotafan,youarestilllikelyfamiliarwiththesewords.G．Ifyouareamoviemaker,youmaybeinspiredbythisclassicfilm.语篇导读：《星球大战》对电影制作的影响。解析：1．依据空后一句话“Somanycharacters,devices,andphrasesfromthemoviehavebecomewell-known.”可知，电影中的许多角色、设备和话语都已经变得家喻户晓；结合空前一句话“IfyouareaStarWarsfan,thenyouhaveprobablyheardthisphrasemanytimes.”可知，《星球大战》的粉丝可能听过许多次这个说法。由此可推知，该空应讲“假如你不是粉丝的话也应熟悉这些话语。”，F项符合语境。故选F。2．依据本段第一句中《星球大战》的开头语“Alongtimeagoinagalaxyfar,faraway...”，并结合后面的“traditionalcharacters”可知，该空应为过渡句，起承上启下的作用。结合各选项可知，B项“事实上，这部电影的故事情节相当过时。”符合语境。故选B。3．依据上文对《星球大战》特效的描述“thelightswords(剑)thatcouldcut,burnandmeltthroughmostsubstances.Spaceshipsspedthroughspaceandlandedonhuge,realistic-lookingspacestations”可知，电影中的特效给观众留下了深刻印象。对比各选项可知，C项符合语境，即“影迷们从未看过这样的电影。”。故选C。4．此空可用词汇连接法。空后的methods与选项A中的techniques对应，选项A中的They指代的是上句中的newmoviecompanies。上文是说，影院须要更多的电影在全部新增的电影银幕和全部新的多厅影院上映，于是新的电影公司如雨后春笋般出现，其中包括一些制作试验性电影的小公司，它们尝试了新的技术。故选A。5．依据空后的“Therehadbeenmoviecontinuationspreviously,buttheywereoftenjustpoorimitationsofthefirstmovie.”可知，以前虽然有过续集电影，但它们往往只是对第一部电影的拙劣仿照，这说明以前的续集电影并不成功。由此可知，E项符合语境，即“《星球大战》是历史上第一部真正成功的三部曲电影。”。故选E。Ⅳ.读后续写(2024·东北名校联考)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Iconsidermyselftechnologicallycapable,oratleastIusedto!However,shoppingwithmyhusbandtheotherdayclearlyshowedI'mbeingleftbehindbythetimes.FinishingpickinglotsofgoodsinCarrefourSupermarket,wewalkedtowardthecheckoutcounters,noticingfewpeoplethere.Infact,despiteallthelightsabovethecounterson,showingopen,therewasnocashier(收银员)．Walkingtoadesertedcounter,likeanATMmachine,Isawitwasbrand-new.Ontheothersideofitwasalongmovingbeltleadingdowntoakindofisland.WhenIplacedmyshoppingcartnearthemachine,itmonitoredmypresenceandspoketomeinasoftwomanvoice,“Pleaseslideyourcardonthefrontglass.”“OK，”Ithought.“Icandothis.”Butmyhusbandthoughtweshouldfindsomebodytowalkusthroughthisnewprocess.“Areyoukidding？”Isaid.“Relax!I'llhaveusoutofherewithinseconds.”“Pleaseslideyourcardonthefrontglass，”sheaskedagain,exceptthatthistimeshesoundedalittleimpatient.Weretheyprogrammedtoannoycustomers?Iswiped(刷)mycarddownthecard-slideronthesideofthemachineanditaskedmetodoitonthefrontglass.IthoughtImusthaveslidmycardupsidedownsoIturnedandswipeditagaindownthatslider.Thenthenot-so-nice-anymore-computer-machineladytoldmeIneededhelp.HonesttoGod,thatwaswhatshesaid;shesaidIneededsomebody'shelp.Astoreassistantnoticedthis,comingoverandItoldhimtherewassomethingwrongwiththemachineforitsnottakingmycard.HetookmycardandsliditontheglassbesidethesliderIhadbeenusing.Thenthemachine-ladyaskedmetoscanmygoods.TheassistantaskedifIneededanymorehelp.“No！”Isuggestedt