新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练十二_第1页
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练十二_第2页
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练十二_第3页
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练十二_第4页
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练十二_第5页
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阅读理解题型分类练(十二)词句揣测题——代词指代类A[2024·山东省淄博市高三一模]Giantpandasareamongthemostlovableanimalsalivetoday.Unliketheirrelatives,suchasthepolarbear,pandasdon'teatmeatbutsurviveonadietofonlybamboo.Sowhyandhowhavepandasabandonedtheirtasteformeattopickupavegetariandiet?Pandastodaydon'teatmeat.However,they'vekeptmuchoftheirmeat­eatingadaptationsfromtimespast.Theirdigestivesystemshavenotchangedmuchfromtheirmeat­eatingdays.Outofthehuge12.5kgofbambootheyeatinasingleday,onlyabout17%ofitisdigested.Tosurvive,pandaseatlargeamountsofbamboowhilehavingalow­metabolic(新陈代谢的),lazylifestyletomakeupforthepoorenergyreturn.Thegiantpanda'sshifttoavegetariandietisinlinewiththeinactivationofaspecificgene­Taslrl,whichprovidesthemwiththeabilitytotastecertainaminoacids(氨基酸)abundantinmeat.Itsinactivationinpandaswouldleadtotheirdietarychange.Pandashaveevolvedtoagreatdegreetocopewiththeirrelativelyrecentbamboo­eatinglifestyle.Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.Toassistwiththis,__theyhavedevelopedalong“fake­thumb”(伪拇指).Sogiantpandashavesixfingersineachpawwhichprovidesbettersupportforthemtoseizeobjectsuchasbambooinonepawquickly.Researchershavefoundthatthesurfaceofthepanda'stongueisdifferent.Whileotherbearsandmanymeat­eatinganimalshavesmoothtongues,pandashaveevolvedtinyprojections(凸出物)onthesurfaceoftheirtonguesthatservetofiledownfood.Thisisespeciallyusefulforpandasastheyremovetheoutercoverofbamboo.Timewilltellifpandaswilladaptandsurvive,gobacktoeatingmeat,ordisappearinthewild.Whateverthefutureholds,wecanbegratefulthat,forthetimebeing,wegettoshareourplanetwiththeseadorableanimals.1.WhyarethenumbersmentionedinParagraph2?A.Toillustratethevarietyoffood.B.Torepresenttheevolutionaryruleofpandas.C.Todescribethechangesoflivingenvironment.D.Toshowtheineffectivenessofdigestivesystem.2.Whatcausedpandas'changeindiet?A.Thelow­metabolicability.B.Theaminoacidsinmeat.C.TheTaslrlgene'sinactivation.D.Thesuppliesofbamboo.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph4referto?A.Seizingbambooshoots.B.Thelowenergyreturn.C.Developingmorefingers.D.Thevegetariandiet.4.WhichaspectofpandasdoesParagraph4focuson?A.Thepreferenceforbamboo.B.Theevolutionaryfeatureineating.C.Theuniquelifestyle.D.Thespecialappearance.B[2024·山东省日照市高考二模]CrossingPhoenix,Arizona,are180milesofcanals.In1867,thecity'sfoundingfather,JackSwillingsawtheremainsofirrigation(浇灌)channelswanderingacrossthelandscape.Herealizedthat,centuriesbefore,somesocietyhadfarmedthisdesert.Soonafter,Swillingbeganclearingtheblockedcanalstobringagriculturebacktotheregion.Threeyearslater,Swillingandotherpioneersmettoconsidernamesfortheirsettlement.ThetoptwowerePumpkinvilleandStonewall.Luckily,EnglishadventurerDarrellDuppaproposedanameinspiredbytheresurrection(复兴)ofthecanals.“Agreatraceoncelivedhereandanothergreatracewilllivehereinthefuture,”heconsidered.“Ipredictthatanewcitywillspring,phoenix­like,fromtheruinsandashesoftheold.”GaryHuckleberry,aresearcher,said,“Inthesouthwest,wehavesomeseriousissuestodealwithintermsofwater.TheColoradoRiveristhemainsourceofwaterforthesouthwestandit'soverdistributed.We'vegotpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Howarewegoingtodealwiththat?Ithinkthere'ssomethingtobelearnedbylookingatpastsocietieswhomanagedwaterforthousandsofyears.”ThatgreatsocietywastheHohokam.Between100and1450AD,theyconstructed1,000milesofcanals.AstheHohokamexpandedtheirnetwork,theyconstantlyrepaired,cleanedanddivertedthecanals.“Itrequirescooperation,becausealltheusersofthewaterfromthatcanalhavetoagreenotonlytoconstructit,butalsotomaintainit,”Henderson,ascientist,said.“Userswouldhavetoagreetocertainconditionstokeeptheentiresystemgoing.”TheHohokamcommittedtosharingwaterandputthemselvesontimetables.TheHohokamusedcanalirrigationfor3,000years.“That,tome,isthedefinitionofsustainabledevelopment,”Huckleberrysaid.“Theylearnedhowtosustainablyfarm,tomanagewater,tonotdestroytheirsoilsinawaythatisworthyandmightgiveusinsightintohowwemightdealwiththecurrenttrouble.Ithinkoneofthekeylessonsisthatyoudon'tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”5.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thereconstructionofcanals.B.Theoriginofthecity'snamePhoenix.C.Thediscoveryoftheirrigationchannels.D.Theagriculturaldevelopmentinthesettlement.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Thesourceofwater.B.Theclimatechange.C.Thepopulationgrowth.D.Theover­distributionofwater.7.WhatdoesHendersonsayabouttheHohokam?A.Theywereexpertinfarming.B.Theywerepoorattimemanagement.C.Theyhadastrongsenseofteamspirit.D.Theyfoughtfortheirrightstousewater.8.WhichofthefollowingwouldHuckleberryagreewith?A.Canalirrigationisoutofdate.B.Sustainabledevelopmentmatters.C.Farmingcansolvecurrenttrouble.D.Thelossofsoilsisworsethanbefore.C[2024·武汉市高三年级五月模拟]Quantumtheory(量子理论)isperhapsthemostsuccessfulscientificideaever.Yet,acenturyafteritsbirth,somethingremainsdeeplypuzzlingaboutquantumtheory.Itdoesnottellushowphysicalsystemsbehave.Instead,ittreatsanyphysicalsystemasablackbox:ifyoudothistoitnow,itwillreactlikethatlater.Whathappensinbetween?Thetheorysimplydoesn'ttellus.Anideahasrecentlybeguntocatchon.Perhapsthereisnoneedtomakeanythingupaboutwhatliesbehindquantumtheory.Perhapsitreallydoesrevealtousthedeepstructureofreality,whereapropertyisnomorethansomethingthataffectssomethingelse.Perhapsthisispreciselywhat“properties”are:theeffectsofinteractions.Thinkofasimpleobjectsuchasablueteacup.Itsbeingblueisnotapropertyofthecupalone:colorshappeninourbrainasaresultofthecertainbiologicalstructureofoureyesandasaconsequenceoftheinteractionsbetweendaylightandthecup'ssurface.Itsbeing“ateacup”referstoitspotentialfunctionasadrinkingcontainer:foranalienwhodoesn'tknowaboutdrinkingtea,theveryconceptofateacupismeaningless.Asquantumtheoryshows:theyaredefinedbytheirphysicalinteractionswiththerestoftheworld.Then,itcomeswithalesson.Weunderstandrealitybetterifwethinkofitintermsofinteractions,notindividuals.Thisiswhy,inclassicgametheory,thewinnersinthelongrunarethosewhocooperate.Toofoolishlywemeasuresuccessintermsofanindividual'sfortunes.Itmisunderstandsthetruenatureofreality,andisultimatelyself­defeating,whichleadstounimaginableconsequenceandpreventsusfromaddressingchallengesthatallhuman­kindfacesasawhole.9.Whatpossiblydoesquantumtheorytellaccordingtothetext?A.Howphysicalsystemsbehave.B.Howtotreatphysicalsystems.C.Whateffectsonehasonitself.D.Whatthestructureofrealityis.10.Howdoestheauthorexplain“theeffectsofinteractions”?A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byquotingascientist.D.Byconductingasurvey.11.Whatdoes“It”inParagraph4referto?A.Theconsequencewebear.B.Thetheoryinclassicgames.C.Thefortunesindividualshave.D.Thewaytomeasuresuccess.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toclarifyaphysicstheory.B.Todrawattentiontointeraction.C.Tochallengeapopularidea.D.Topresentreflectionsongames.[答题区]题号123456789101112答案

阅读理解题型分类练(十二)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了熊猫饮食方面的进化缘由及特征。1.答案与解析:D推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Outofthehuge12.5kgofbambootheyeatinasingleday,onlyabout17%ofitisdigested.”可知,熊猫进食量很大,但是吸取量很小,通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。2.答案与解析:C微小环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Thegiantpanda'sshifttoavegetariandietisinlinewiththeinactivationofaspecificgene­Taslrl,whichprovidesthemwiththeabilitytotastecertainaminoacids(氨基酸)abundantinmeat.”可知,熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。3.答案与解析:A词句揣测题。依据第四段中的“Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.”可知,熊猫须要抓住又长又细的竹笋,结合下文中的“theyhavedevelopedalong‘fake­thumb’(伪拇指).”可知,熊猫为了抓住竹笋,所以长出了伪拇指,由此可推断,代词“this”指代的是“为了抓住竹笋”。4.答案与解析:B推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Pandashaveevolvedtoagreatdegreetocopewiththeirrelativelyrecentbamboo­eatinglifestyle.Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.”和“Researchershavefoundthatthesurfaceofthepanda'stongueisdifferent.Whileotherbearsandmanymeat­eatinganimalshavesmoothtongues,pandashaveevolvedtinyprojectionsonthesurfaceoftheirtonguesthatservetofiledownfood.”可知,为了应对新的饮食方式的变更,熊猫的爪子进化出“伪拇指”,同时探讨也发觉,熊猫的舌头表面为了进食,进化出许多微小的突起物,由此可以推断,第四段主要介绍的是熊猫饮食进化为了吃竹子这种饮食习惯而具备的进化特点。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运输河,19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运输河,城市的名称由此而来,更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建立并维护运输河,以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。5.答案与解析:B主旨大意题。依据其次段中“Threeyearslater,Swillingandotherpioneersmettoconsidernamesfortheirsettlement.ThetoptwowerePumpkinvilleandStonewall.Luckily,EnglishadventurerDarrellDuppaproposedanameinspiredbytheresurrection(复兴)ofthecanals.”可知,其次段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过,拓荒者开会探讨了起名方案,英国冒险家DarrellDuppa以运输河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城(Phoenix)这个名字。由此可知,B项“凤凰城名字的由来”可概括段落大意。6.答案与解析:D词句揣测题。依据第三段中“Inthesouthwest,wehavesomeseriousissuestodealwithintermsofwater.TheColoradoRiveristhemainsourceofwaterforthesouthwestandit'soverdistributed.We'vegotpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Howarewegoingtodealwiththat?”可知,因为人口增长和气候变更,水资源的问题愈发突出,须要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it'soverdistributed”,即水的分布过散。7.答案与解析:C微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中Henderson的话“

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