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阅读理解题型分类练(十二)词句揣测题——代词指代类A[2024·山东省淄博市高三一模]Giantpandasareamongthemostlovableanimalsalivetoday.Unliketheirrelatives,suchasthepolarbear,pandasdon'teatmeatbutsurviveonadietofonlybamboo.Sowhyandhowhavepandasabandonedtheirtasteformeattopickupavegetariandiet?Pandastodaydon'teatmeat.However,they'vekeptmuchoftheirmeateatingadaptationsfromtimespast.Theirdigestivesystemshavenotchangedmuchfromtheirmeateatingdays.Outofthehuge12.5kgofbambootheyeatinasingleday,onlyabout17%ofitisdigested.Tosurvive,pandaseatlargeamountsofbamboowhilehavingalowmetabolic(新陈代谢的),lazylifestyletomakeupforthepoorenergyreturn.Thegiantpanda'sshifttoavegetariandietisinlinewiththeinactivationofaspecificgeneTaslrl,whichprovidesthemwiththeabilitytotastecertainaminoacids(氨基酸)abundantinmeat.Itsinactivationinpandaswouldleadtotheirdietarychange.Pandashaveevolvedtoagreatdegreetocopewiththeirrelativelyrecentbambooeatinglifestyle.Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.Toassistwiththis,__theyhavedevelopedalong“fakethumb”(伪拇指).Sogiantpandashavesixfingersineachpawwhichprovidesbettersupportforthemtoseizeobjectsuchasbambooinonepawquickly.Researchershavefoundthatthesurfaceofthepanda'stongueisdifferent.Whileotherbearsandmanymeateatinganimalshavesmoothtongues,pandashaveevolvedtinyprojections(凸出物)onthesurfaceoftheirtonguesthatservetofiledownfood.Thisisespeciallyusefulforpandasastheyremovetheoutercoverofbamboo.Timewilltellifpandaswilladaptandsurvive,gobacktoeatingmeat,ordisappearinthewild.Whateverthefutureholds,wecanbegratefulthat,forthetimebeing,wegettoshareourplanetwiththeseadorableanimals.1.WhyarethenumbersmentionedinParagraph2?A.Toillustratethevarietyoffood.B.Torepresenttheevolutionaryruleofpandas.C.Todescribethechangesoflivingenvironment.D.Toshowtheineffectivenessofdigestivesystem.2.Whatcausedpandas'changeindiet?A.Thelowmetabolicability.B.Theaminoacidsinmeat.C.TheTaslrlgene'sinactivation.D.Thesuppliesofbamboo.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph4referto?A.Seizingbambooshoots.B.Thelowenergyreturn.C.Developingmorefingers.D.Thevegetariandiet.4.WhichaspectofpandasdoesParagraph4focuson?A.Thepreferenceforbamboo.B.Theevolutionaryfeatureineating.C.Theuniquelifestyle.D.Thespecialappearance.B[2024·山东省日照市高考二模]CrossingPhoenix,Arizona,are180milesofcanals.In1867,thecity'sfoundingfather,JackSwillingsawtheremainsofirrigation(浇灌)channelswanderingacrossthelandscape.Herealizedthat,centuriesbefore,somesocietyhadfarmedthisdesert.Soonafter,Swillingbeganclearingtheblockedcanalstobringagriculturebacktotheregion.Threeyearslater,Swillingandotherpioneersmettoconsidernamesfortheirsettlement.ThetoptwowerePumpkinvilleandStonewall.Luckily,EnglishadventurerDarrellDuppaproposedanameinspiredbytheresurrection(复兴)ofthecanals.“Agreatraceoncelivedhereandanothergreatracewilllivehereinthefuture,”heconsidered.“Ipredictthatanewcitywillspring,phoenixlike,fromtheruinsandashesoftheold.”GaryHuckleberry,aresearcher,said,“Inthesouthwest,wehavesomeseriousissuestodealwithintermsofwater.TheColoradoRiveristhemainsourceofwaterforthesouthwestandit'soverdistributed.We'vegotpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Howarewegoingtodealwiththat?Ithinkthere'ssomethingtobelearnedbylookingatpastsocietieswhomanagedwaterforthousandsofyears.”ThatgreatsocietywastheHohokam.Between100and1450AD,theyconstructed1,000milesofcanals.AstheHohokamexpandedtheirnetwork,theyconstantlyrepaired,cleanedanddivertedthecanals.“Itrequirescooperation,becausealltheusersofthewaterfromthatcanalhavetoagreenotonlytoconstructit,butalsotomaintainit,”Henderson,ascientist,said.“Userswouldhavetoagreetocertainconditionstokeeptheentiresystemgoing.”TheHohokamcommittedtosharingwaterandputthemselvesontimetables.TheHohokamusedcanalirrigationfor3,000years.“That,tome,isthedefinitionofsustainabledevelopment,”Huckleberrysaid.“Theylearnedhowtosustainablyfarm,tomanagewater,tonotdestroytheirsoilsinawaythatisworthyandmightgiveusinsightintohowwemightdealwiththecurrenttrouble.Ithinkoneofthekeylessonsisthatyoudon'tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”5.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thereconstructionofcanals.B.Theoriginofthecity'snamePhoenix.C.Thediscoveryoftheirrigationchannels.D.Theagriculturaldevelopmentinthesettlement.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Thesourceofwater.B.Theclimatechange.C.Thepopulationgrowth.D.Theoverdistributionofwater.7.WhatdoesHendersonsayabouttheHohokam?A.Theywereexpertinfarming.B.Theywerepoorattimemanagement.C.Theyhadastrongsenseofteamspirit.D.Theyfoughtfortheirrightstousewater.8.WhichofthefollowingwouldHuckleberryagreewith?A.Canalirrigationisoutofdate.B.Sustainabledevelopmentmatters.C.Farmingcansolvecurrenttrouble.D.Thelossofsoilsisworsethanbefore.C[2024·武汉市高三年级五月模拟]Quantumtheory(量子理论)isperhapsthemostsuccessfulscientificideaever.Yet,acenturyafteritsbirth,somethingremainsdeeplypuzzlingaboutquantumtheory.Itdoesnottellushowphysicalsystemsbehave.Instead,ittreatsanyphysicalsystemasablackbox:ifyoudothistoitnow,itwillreactlikethatlater.Whathappensinbetween?Thetheorysimplydoesn'ttellus.Anideahasrecentlybeguntocatchon.Perhapsthereisnoneedtomakeanythingupaboutwhatliesbehindquantumtheory.Perhapsitreallydoesrevealtousthedeepstructureofreality,whereapropertyisnomorethansomethingthataffectssomethingelse.Perhapsthisispreciselywhat“properties”are:theeffectsofinteractions.Thinkofasimpleobjectsuchasablueteacup.Itsbeingblueisnotapropertyofthecupalone:colorshappeninourbrainasaresultofthecertainbiologicalstructureofoureyesandasaconsequenceoftheinteractionsbetweendaylightandthecup'ssurface.Itsbeing“ateacup”referstoitspotentialfunctionasadrinkingcontainer:foranalienwhodoesn'tknowaboutdrinkingtea,theveryconceptofateacupismeaningless.Asquantumtheoryshows:theyaredefinedbytheirphysicalinteractionswiththerestoftheworld.Then,itcomeswithalesson.Weunderstandrealitybetterifwethinkofitintermsofinteractions,notindividuals.Thisiswhy,inclassicgametheory,thewinnersinthelongrunarethosewhocooperate.Toofoolishlywemeasuresuccessintermsofanindividual'sfortunes.Itmisunderstandsthetruenatureofreality,andisultimatelyselfdefeating,whichleadstounimaginableconsequenceandpreventsusfromaddressingchallengesthatallhumankindfacesasawhole.9.Whatpossiblydoesquantumtheorytellaccordingtothetext?A.Howphysicalsystemsbehave.B.Howtotreatphysicalsystems.C.Whateffectsonehasonitself.D.Whatthestructureofrealityis.10.Howdoestheauthorexplain“theeffectsofinteractions”?A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byquotingascientist.D.Byconductingasurvey.11.Whatdoes“It”inParagraph4referto?A.Theconsequencewebear.B.Thetheoryinclassicgames.C.Thefortunesindividualshave.D.Thewaytomeasuresuccess.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toclarifyaphysicstheory.B.Todrawattentiontointeraction.C.Tochallengeapopularidea.D.Topresentreflectionsongames.[答题区]题号123456789101112答案
阅读理解题型分类练(十二)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了熊猫饮食方面的进化缘由及特征。1.答案与解析:D推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Outofthehuge12.5kgofbambootheyeatinasingleday,onlyabout17%ofitisdigested.”可知,熊猫进食量很大,但是吸取量很小,通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。2.答案与解析:C微小环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Thegiantpanda'sshifttoavegetariandietisinlinewiththeinactivationofaspecificgeneTaslrl,whichprovidesthemwiththeabilitytotastecertainaminoacids(氨基酸)abundantinmeat.”可知,熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。3.答案与解析:A词句揣测题。依据第四段中的“Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.”可知,熊猫须要抓住又长又细的竹笋,结合下文中的“theyhavedevelopedalong‘fakethumb’(伪拇指).”可知,熊猫为了抓住竹笋,所以长出了伪拇指,由此可推断,代词“this”指代的是“为了抓住竹笋”。4.答案与解析:B推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Pandashaveevolvedtoagreatdegreetocopewiththeirrelativelyrecentbambooeatinglifestyle.Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.”和“Researchershavefoundthatthesurfaceofthepanda'stongueisdifferent.Whileotherbearsandmanymeateatinganimalshavesmoothtongues,pandashaveevolvedtinyprojectionsonthesurfaceoftheirtonguesthatservetofiledownfood.”可知,为了应对新的饮食方式的变更,熊猫的爪子进化出“伪拇指”,同时探讨也发觉,熊猫的舌头表面为了进食,进化出许多微小的突起物,由此可以推断,第四段主要介绍的是熊猫饮食进化为了吃竹子这种饮食习惯而具备的进化特点。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运输河,19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运输河,城市的名称由此而来,更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建立并维护运输河,以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。5.答案与解析:B主旨大意题。依据其次段中“Threeyearslater,Swillingandotherpioneersmettoconsidernamesfortheirsettlement.ThetoptwowerePumpkinvilleandStonewall.Luckily,EnglishadventurerDarrellDuppaproposedanameinspiredbytheresurrection(复兴)ofthecanals.”可知,其次段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过,拓荒者开会探讨了起名方案,英国冒险家DarrellDuppa以运输河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城(Phoenix)这个名字。由此可知,B项“凤凰城名字的由来”可概括段落大意。6.答案与解析:D词句揣测题。依据第三段中“Inthesouthwest,wehavesomeseriousissuestodealwithintermsofwater.TheColoradoRiveristhemainsourceofwaterforthesouthwestandit'soverdistributed.We'vegotpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Howarewegoingtodealwiththat?”可知,因为人口增长和气候变更,水资源的问题愈发突出,须要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it'soverdistributed”,即水的分布过散。7.答案与解析:C微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中Henderson的话“
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