新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练十二

阅读理解题型分类练(十二)词句揣测题——代词指代类A[2024·山东省淄博市高三一模]Giantpandasareamongthemostlovableanimalsalivetoday.Unliketheirrelatives,suchasthepolarbear,pandasdon'teatmeatbutsurviveonadietofonlybamboo.Sowhyandhowhavepandasabandonedtheirtasteformeattopickupavegetariandiet?Pandastodaydon'teatmeat.However,they'vekeptmuchoftheirmeat­eatingadaptationsfromtimespast.Theirdigestivesystemshavenotchangedmuchfromtheirmeat­eatingdays.Outofthehuge12.5kgofbambootheyeatinasingleday,onlyabout17%ofitisdigested.Tosurvive,pandaseatlargeamountsofbamboowhilehavingalow­metabolic(新陈代谢的)，lazylifestyletomakeupforthepoorenergyreturn.Thegiantpanda'sshifttoavegetariandietisinlinewiththeinactivationofaspecificgene­Taslrl,whichprovidesthemwiththeabilitytotastecertainaminoacids(氨基酸)abundantinmeat.Itsinactivationinpandaswouldleadtotheirdietarychange.Pandashaveevolvedtoagreatdegreetocopewiththeirrelativelyrecentbamboo­eatinglifestyle.Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.Toassistwiththis,__theyhavedevelopedalong“fake­thumb”(伪拇指).Sogiantpandashavesixfingersineachpawwhichprovidesbettersupportforthemtoseizeobjectsuchasbambooinonepawquickly.Researchershavefoundthatthesurfaceofthepanda'stongueisdifferent.Whileotherbearsandmanymeat­eatinganimalshavesmoothtongues,pandashaveevolvedtinyprojections(凸出物)onthesurfaceoftheirtonguesthatservetofiledownfood.Thisisespeciallyusefulforpandasastheyremovetheoutercoverofbamboo.Timewilltellifpandaswilladaptandsurvive,gobacktoeatingmeat,ordisappearinthewild.Whateverthefutureholds,wecanbegratefulthat,forthetimebeing,wegettoshareourplanetwiththeseadorableanimals.1．WhyarethenumbersmentionedinParagraph2?A.Toillustratethevarietyoffood.B．Torepresenttheevolutionaryruleofpandas.C．Todescribethechangesoflivingenvironment.D.Toshowtheineffectivenessofdigestivesystem.2．Whatcausedpandas'changeindiet?A．Thelow­metabolicability.B．Theaminoacidsinmeat.C．TheTaslrlgene'sinactivation.D．Thesuppliesofbamboo.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph4referto?A．Seizingbambooshoots.B．Thelowenergyreturn.C．Developingmorefingers.D．Thevegetariandiet.4．WhichaspectofpandasdoesParagraph4focuson?A．Thepreferenceforbamboo.B．Theevolutionaryfeatureineating.C．Theuniquelifestyle.D．Thespecialappearance.B[2024·山东省日照市高考二模]CrossingPhoenix,Arizona,are180milesofcanals.In1867,thecity'sfoundingfather,JackSwillingsawtheremainsofirrigation(浇灌)channelswanderingacrossthelandscape.Herealizedthat,centuriesbefore,somesocietyhadfarmedthisdesert.Soonafter,Swillingbeganclearingtheblockedcanalstobringagriculturebacktotheregion.Threeyearslater,Swillingandotherpioneersmettoconsidernamesfortheirsettlement.ThetoptwowerePumpkinvilleandStonewall.Luckily,EnglishadventurerDarrellDuppaproposedanameinspiredbytheresurrection(复兴)ofthecanals.“Agreatraceoncelivedhereandanothergreatracewilllivehereinthefuture，”heconsidered.“Ipredictthatanewcitywillspring,phoenix­like,fromtheruinsandashesoftheold.”GaryHuckleberry,aresearcher,said,“Inthesouthwest,wehavesomeseriousissuestodealwithintermsofwater.TheColoradoRiveristhemainsourceofwaterforthesouthwestandit'soverdistributed.We'vegotpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Howarewegoingtodealwiththat?Ithinkthere'ssomethingtobelearnedbylookingatpastsocietieswhomanagedwaterforthousandsofyears.”ThatgreatsocietywastheHohokam.Between100and1450AD,theyconstructed1，000milesofcanals.AstheHohokamexpandedtheirnetwork,theyconstantlyrepaired,cleanedanddivertedthecanals.“Itrequirescooperation,becausealltheusersofthewaterfromthatcanalhavetoagreenotonlytoconstructit,butalsotomaintainit，”Henderson,ascientist,said.“Userswouldhavetoagreetocertainconditionstokeeptheentiresystemgoing.”TheHohokamcommittedtosharingwaterandputthemselvesontimetables.TheHohokamusedcanalirrigationfor3，000years.“That,tome,isthedefinitionofsustainabledevelopment，”Huckleberrysaid.“Theylearnedhowtosustainablyfarm,tomanagewater,tonotdestroytheirsoilsinawaythatisworthyandmightgiveusinsightintohowwemightdealwiththecurrenttrouble.Ithinkoneofthekeylessonsisthatyoudon'tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”5．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thereconstructionofcanals.B．Theoriginofthecity'snamePhoenix.C．Thediscoveryoftheirrigationchannels.D．Theagriculturaldevelopmentinthesettlement.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A．Thesourceofwater.B．Theclimatechange.C．Thepopulationgrowth.D．Theover­distributionofwater.7．WhatdoesHendersonsayabouttheHohokam?A．Theywereexpertinfarming.B．Theywerepoorattimemanagement.C．Theyhadastrongsenseofteamspirit.D．Theyfoughtfortheirrightstousewater.8．WhichofthefollowingwouldHuckleberryagreewith?A．Canalirrigationisoutofdate.B．Sustainabledevelopmentmatters.C．Farmingcansolvecurrenttrouble.D．Thelossofsoilsisworsethanbefore.C[2024·武汉市高三年级五月模拟]Quantumtheory(量子理论)isperhapsthemostsuccessfulscientificideaever.Yet,acenturyafteritsbirth,somethingremainsdeeplypuzzlingaboutquantumtheory.Itdoesnottellushowphysicalsystemsbehave.Instead,ittreatsanyphysicalsystemasablackbox:ifyoudothistoitnow,itwillreactlikethatlater.Whathappensinbetween?Thetheorysimplydoesn'ttellus.Anideahasrecentlybeguntocatchon.Perhapsthereisnoneedtomakeanythingupaboutwhatliesbehindquantumtheory.Perhapsitreallydoesrevealtousthedeepstructureofreality,whereapropertyisnomorethansomethingthataffectssomethingelse.Perhapsthisispreciselywhat“properties”are:theeffectsofinteractions.Thinkofasimpleobjectsuchasablueteacup.Itsbeingblueisnotapropertyofthecupalone:colorshappeninourbrainasaresultofthecertainbiologicalstructureofoureyesandasaconsequenceoftheinteractionsbetweendaylightandthecup'ssurface.Itsbeing“ateacup”referstoitspotentialfunctionasadrinkingcontainer:foranalienwhodoesn'tknowaboutdrinkingtea,theveryconceptofateacupismeaningless.Asquantumtheoryshows:theyaredefinedbytheirphysicalinteractionswiththerestoftheworld.Then,itcomeswithalesson.Weunderstandrealitybetterifwethinkofitintermsofinteractions,notindividuals.Thisiswhy,inclassicgametheory,thewinnersinthelongrunarethosewhocooperate.Toofoolishlywemeasuresuccessintermsofanindividual'sfortunes.Itmisunderstandsthetruenatureofreality,andisultimatelyself­defeating,whichleadstounimaginableconsequenceandpreventsusfromaddressingchallengesthatallhuman­kindfacesasawhole.9．Whatpossiblydoesquantumtheorytellaccordingtothetext?A．Howphysicalsystemsbehave.B．Howtotreatphysicalsystems.C．Whateffectsonehasonitself.D．Whatthestructureofrealityis.10．Howdoestheauthorexplain“theeffectsofinteractions”？A．Bygivinganexample.B．Bymakingacomparison.C．Byquotingascientist.D．Byconductingasurvey.11．Whatdoes“It”inParagraph4referto?A．Theconsequencewebear.B．Thetheoryinclassicgames.C．Thefortunesindividualshave.D．Thewaytomeasuresuccess.12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toclarifyaphysicstheory.B．Todrawattentiontointeraction.C．Tochallengeapopularidea.D．Topresentreflectionsongames.[答题区]题号123456789101112答案

阅读理解题型分类练(十二)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了熊猫饮食方面的进化缘由及特征。1．答案与解析：D推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Outofthehuge12.5kgofbambootheyeatinasingleday,onlyabout17%ofitisdigested.”可知，熊猫进食量很大，但是吸取量很小，通过数据说明熊猫的消化系统效率很低。2．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Thegiantpanda'sshifttoavegetariandietisinlinewiththeinactivationofaspecificgene­Taslrl,whichprovidesthemwiththeabilitytotastecertainaminoacids(氨基酸)abundantinmeat.”可知，熊猫的饮食转变是由Taslrl基因失活引起的。3．答案与解析：A词句揣测题。依据第四段中的“Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.”可知，熊猫须要抓住又长又细的竹笋，结合下文中的“theyhavedevelopedalong‘fake­thumb’(伪拇指).”可知，熊猫为了抓住竹笋，所以长出了伪拇指，由此可推断，代词“this”指代的是“为了抓住竹笋”。4．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Pandashaveevolvedtoagreatdegreetocopewiththeirrelativelyrecentbamboo­eatinglifestyle.Pandasmustseizelongandthinpiecesofbambooshoots.”和“Researchershavefoundthatthesurfaceofthepanda'stongueisdifferent.Whileotherbearsandmanymeat­eatinganimalshavesmoothtongues,pandashaveevolvedtinyprojectionsonthesurfaceoftheirtonguesthatservetofiledownfood.”可知，为了应对新的饮食方式的变更，熊猫的爪子进化出“伪拇指”，同时探讨也发觉，熊猫的舌头表面为了进食，进化出许多微小的突起物，由此可以推断，第四段主要介绍的是熊猫饮食进化为了吃竹子这种饮食习惯而具备的进化特点。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运输河，19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运输河，城市的名称由此而来，更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建立并维护运输河，以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。5．答案与解析：B主旨大意题。依据其次段中“Threeyearslater,Swillingandotherpioneersmettoconsidernamesfortheirsettlement.ThetoptwowerePumpkinvilleandStonewall.Luckily,EnglishadventurerDarrellDuppaproposedanameinspiredbytheresurrection(复兴)ofthecanals.”可知，其次段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过，拓荒者开会探讨了起名方案，英国冒险家DarrellDuppa以运输河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城(Phoenix)这个名字。由此可知，B项“凤凰城名字的由来”可概括段落大意。6．答案与解析：D词句揣测题。依据第三段中“Inthesouthwest,wehavesomeseriousissuestodealwithintermsofwater.TheColoradoRiveristhemainsourceofwaterforthesouthwestandit'soverdistributed.We'vegotpopulationgrowthandclimatechange.Howarewegoingtodealwiththat？”可知，因为人口增长和气候变更，水资源的问题愈发突出，须要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it'soverdistributed”，即水的分布过散。7．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中Henderson的话“