2022年河南省郑州市高一下学期期末考试英语试题

郑州市2021-2022学年下期期末考试高一英语试题卷注意事项∶本试卷分四部分，考试时间120分钟，满分150分。考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFourbesttouristattractionsnamedbyLonelyPlanetfor2022NepalWhenpeoplediscussNepal,it’simpossiblenottotalkaboutMountEverest.ButthisHimalayannationhassomuchmoreonofferfortravelerswhoaren’tclimbingtheworld’shighestmountain.InthelonelyregionofMustang,whichmeans“richplain”,touristscanexplorethehighdesertandmeetlocalsathomestaysalongtheway,diningonNepalispecialties.MauritiusMauritiusisintheIndianOceanabout700mileseastofMadagascar.HerearesomereasonsforvisitingthisunderratedAfricangetaway.It’sinhabitedbyamultiracial,peacefulpeople,coveredingreatgolfcourses,offeringvariouswatersports,anoldcolonialcapital,greatfood,oneoftheworld’sbestgardens,goodnightlifeandgreatsightseeing.NorwayNorwayalwaysliesonthelistoftheworld’shappiestcountries.Sowhat’sthesecret?Mette-Marit,oneofthecountry’sroyals,hasoneanswer:“Welovebeingoutsideinnature.”Ifyouwanttotakeinthatpeacefulenergyforyourself,headtoBkeskogen,theworld’snorthernmostbeechforest.CookIslandsThisgroupof15islandsintheSouthPacificwasatthetopofmanyLonelyPlanetworkers’wishlistsfor2022andbeyond.What’sonoffer?Water-centricactivitieslikesnorkeling,divingandfishing,nottomentionalookatthenativeMaoricommunityinTeVaraNuiVillage.1.WhatcantouristsdoinNepal?A.Playgolf. B.Exploreadesert.C.Codivingandfishing. D.Visitancientbuildings.2.Whatcontributestothepeople’shappinessmostinNorway?A.Greatsightseeing. B.Peacefulenergy.C.Theworld’sbestgarden. D.Greatenjoymentinnature.3.WhatdoMauritiusandCookIslandshaveincommon?A.Theyofferwatersports. B.TheylieintheIndianOcean.C.Theyhavegreatbeechforest. D.Theyhavemanydifferentraces.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了《孤独星球》评选出的2022年四大最佳旅游景点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Nepal中关键句“InthelonelyregionofMustang,whichmeans“richplain”,touristscanexplorethehighdesertandmeetlocalsathomestaysalongtheway,diningonNepalispecialties.”（在荒凉的姆斯唐地区，意思是“富饶的平原”，游客可以探索高沙漠，并在沿途的民宿与当地人见面，品尝尼泊尔特色美食。）可知，在尼泊尔，人们可以探索沙漠。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Norway中关键句“Mette-Marit,oneofthecountry’sroyals,hasoneanswer:“Welovebeingoutsideinnature.””（英国王室成员梅特·玛丽特的回答只有一个：“我们喜欢户外的大自然。”）可知，在挪威，享受大自然最能给人们带来幸福。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Mauritius中关键句“It’sinhabitedbyamultiracial,peacefulpeople,coveredingreatgolfcourses,offeringvariouswatersports,anoldcolonialcapital,greatfood,oneoftheworld’sbestgardens,goodnightlifeandgreatsightseeing.”（这里居住着一个多种族、爱好和平的民族，有很棒的高尔夫球场，提供各种水上运动，一个古老的殖民首都，美味的食物，世界上最好的花园之一，美好的夜生活和绝佳的观光。）及CookIslands中关键句“Water-centricactivitieslikesnorkeling,divingandfishing,nottomentionalookatthenativeMaoricommunityinTeVaraNuiVillage.”（提供什么？以水为中心的活动，比如浮潜、潜水和钓鱼，更不用说去看看TeVaraNui村当地的毛利人社区了。）可知，毛里求斯和库克群岛都提供水上运动。故选A项。BAsIlookupatthehundredsoffireworksinthesky,IhearthebellsringinginsmalltemplewelcomingthecomingoftheChineseNewYear.ThoughImaynotbelieveinorunderstandmanyoftheNewYeartraditionshere,thesimilaritiesbetweenthecomingofthisNewYearandthebeginningofmynewlifeinChinaarenotlostonabigboylikeme.MyfistfewdaysinChinawereaculturalshocktosaytheleast.Havingarrivedlateinthesemester,Iimmediatelyhadtobeginmybeginners’Chineseclasses,alongwiththenewestclassofoverseasstudents.Beingsurroundedbyalanguagethatintyourownisunbelievablyannoying.Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting,it’snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess,orworkitoutthroughwhateverknowledgeyouhavefromotherLatin-originatedlanguages.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatitsays,thenthat’sit.However,withtimepassing,Ihavefoundmyselfprogressing,thoughpainfullyslowly.ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself,thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo,whichishugelyrewarding(有益的).Sillitisneverlongbeforemylackoflanguageskillisexposed(暴露的)andIcomecrashingbacktoearth,usuallyimmediatelyuponleavingthetaxi.Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However,itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina.AfterthisyearoflearningChinese,Iaimtogainmymaster’sdegreehereatUniversityofJinan.Opportunitiesdocomearoundratheroften:frombeingofferedjobsteachingEnglish,tobeingaskedtoappearongame-showsforShandongTV.So,fornow,Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizons(眼界)andenjoyingmytimehere.Itakessometimetogetusedtoeverything,butthat’spartoftheadventureand,mostofall,employment.So,muchliketheChineseNewYearthatIamluckyenoughtobepartof,IamjustlookingforwardtoafreshstartandanewjourneyinChina.4.Whycouldn’ttheauthorguessthemeaningoftheChineselanguage?A.Becauseofhislatearrival.B.BecauseofhislackoftheLatinlanguage.C.Becauseofhisexperienceofculturalshock.D.BecauseoftheuniquewayofChinesewriting.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowthroughhistaxiexperience?A.Heispooratusingpublictransport.B.HefindsiteasytocallataxiinChina.C.Heisgoodatchattingwiththetaxidriver.D.HefeelspleasedtohavemadeprogressinChinese.6.Whatistheauthor’spresentexpectation?A.TosettledowninChina.B.Tobroadenhisculturalhorizons.C.TobecomeafamoushostonTV.D.Tobeanexcellentteachingassistant.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ExploringChinese:valuableskillsmasteredB.LearningChinese:adventurousbutenjoyableC.StudyinginChina:challengingbutrewardingD.ComingtoChina:moreopportunitiespromised【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者来到中国后通过自己的努力在中文和其他方面取得的进步。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Duetothepicture-basedfashionofChinesewriting,it’snotlikeyoucanhaveaguess,orworkitoutthroughwhateverlittleknowledgeyouhaveotherLatin-originatedlanguages.(由于中文以图片为基础的书写方式，你不可能靠猜测，也不可能靠你掌握的其他拉丁语系的一点知识就能猜出来。)”可知，作者猜不出中文的意思是因为中文独特的书写方式。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“However,withtimepassing,Ihavefoundmyselfprogressing,thoughpainfullyslowly.ThefirsttimeIcalledataxibymyself,thedriveractuallyunderstoodwhereIwantedtogo,whichishugelyrewarding(有益的).(然而，随着时间的流逝，我发现自己在进步，尽管缓慢得令人痛苦。我第一次自己叫出租车时，司机竟然明白了我要去哪里，这是非常值得的。)”推知，作者通过打出租车的经历表明他/她很高兴自己的中文取得了进步。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So,fornow,Iamjustlookingforwardtoexpandingmyculturalhorizonsandenjoyingmytimehere.(所以，现在，我只是期待着扩大我的文化视野，享受我在这里的时光)”推知，作者现在的期望是拓宽他的文化视野。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者来到中国后通过自己的努力在中文和其他方面取得的进步，结合文章最后一段的“Gainingalanguageisahugevaluableskill.However,itisnottheonlythingIwillgaininChina.AfterthisyearoflearningChinese,IaimtogainmyMaster’sdegreehereatUniversityofJinan.(学习一门语言是一项非常有价值的技能。然而，这并不是我在中国能得到的唯一东西。经过这一年的中文学习，我的目标是在济南大学获得硕士学位。)”和“Everythingtakessometimegettingusedto,butthat’spartoftheadventureand,mostofall,employment.(每件事都需要一些时间来适应，但这是冒险的一部分，最重要的是，是就业的一部分。)”可知，A项“在中国学习：很辛苦，但也很有收获”可以作为文章的最佳标题。故选C。CInAmericanEnglish,whensomeonesayshehasto“facethemusic”,itdoesn’tmeanheisgoingtoamusicalperformanceoraconcert.Imagineafriendasksyoutotakecareofherbeautifulsportscar.Shesays,“Pleasedon’tdriveit.It’sanextremelyfastcar.”Butyouwanttopretendthecarisyours.So,youdriveitaroundonenight.Asbadluckwouldhaveit,youlosecontrolofthecaranddriveitintoastopsign.Whenyourfriendreturns,youmust“facethemusic”.Itcanbelosingherfriendshiporpayingforrepairstohercarorboth.In1851,thewriterJamesFenimoreexplained“facethemusic”.Inatheatertheorchestra(管弦乐队)sitsinfrontofthestage.So,theactorsonstagefacethemusicians.Manyactorsareverynervous,andthisconditioniscalled“stagefright”.Theymaywanttorunaway.“Facingthemusic”meansacceptingitandnotgivingintoit.Wordexpertssay“facethemusic”maycomefromthearmy.Asoldiercouldbeforcedoutofthehorsecavalry(骑兵团)becauseoftheseriousmistakeinthewar.Thearmydrummerswouldplayasadbeat.Thesoldierwouldbeseatedbackwardonahorseandfacethemusicofthedrums.To“takeyourmedicine”istoacceptthebadresultfromsomethingyouhavedone.Andifsomeonesays,“Youmadeyourbed.Nowlieinit.”hemeansyoucreateabadsituationandyoumustdealwithit.“Paythepiper”isalsosimilarto“facethemusic”.Butit’sfunto“lieinthebedandenjoymusic”.Therearemanyidioms(习语)intheEnglishlanguage,whoserealmeaningsarelargelybasedonthecontext.Don’treadonlywithyoureyes,oryouwouldmakeafoolofyourself.8.InParagraph2,“facethemusic”probablymeans________.A.acceptthebadresult B.gotoaconcertC.refusetorepairthecar D.pretendthecarisyours9.Whatcanweknowaboutthesoldierinthetext?A.Hewantedtobeacavalryofficer.B.Hewouldplaythedruminthearmy.C.Hemusthavedonesomethingterrible.D.Hewouldbepunishedbythearmydrummers.10.Whichisdifferentfromtheotherexpressionsinmeaning?A.Paythepiper.B.Takeyourmedicine.C.Lieinthebedandenjoymusic.D.Youmadeyourbed.Nowlieinit.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThegreatfunoflearningEnglishidioms.B.TheoriginsofsomeusefulEnglishidioms.C.SomeinterestingstoriesfromEnglishidioms.D.UnderstandingEnglishidiomsinthecontext.【答案】8A9.C10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一些英语习语，并告诉我们应在语境中理解它们。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itcanbelosingherfriendshiporpayingforrepairstohercarorboth.”（可能是失去她的友谊，或者支付她的汽车修理费，或者两者兼而有之）可知，“facethemusic”在第二段中表示“接受坏的结果”。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Asoldiercouldbeforcedoutofthehorsecavalrybecauseoftheseriousmistakeinthewar.Thearmydrummerswouldplayasadbeat.Thesoldierwouldbeseatedbackwardonahorseandfacethemusicofthedrums.”（一名士兵可能因为战争中的严重错误而被迫退出骑兵部队。军队的鼓手会演奏悲伤的节拍。士兵会向后坐在马上，面对着鼓声）可知，士兵一定做了糟糕的错事。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“To“takeyourmedicine”istoacceptthebadresultfromsomethingyouhavedone.Andifsomeonesays,“Youmadeyourbed.Nowlieinit.”hemeansyoucreateabadsituationandyoumustdealwithit.“Paythepiper”isalsosimilarto“facethemusic”.Butit’sfunto“lieinthebedandenjoymusic”.”（“takeyourmedicine”是接受你所做的事情带来的坏结果。如果有人说“Youmadeyourbed.Nowlieinit.”他的意思是你制造了一个糟糕的局面，你必须处理它。“Paythepiper”和“facethemusic”也很相似。但“lieinthebedandenjoymusic”很有趣）可知，Paythepiper.，Takeyourmedicine.及Youmadeyourbed.Nowlieinit.均为消极含义，而Lieinthebedandenjoymusic.为积极含义。可知，C含义与其它选项含义不同。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“TherearemanyidiomsintheEnglishlanguage,whoserealmeaningsarelargelybasedonthecontext.”（英语中有许多习语，它们的真正含义很大程度上取决于语境）及全文内容可知，本文介绍了英语中的一些习语，并告诉了我们这些习语在特定语境下的真正含义，因此，这篇文章主要讲在语境中理解英语习语。故选D项。DOnJuly11thVirginGalactic(维珍银河)finallyrealizedthepromisethatitwouldtakepassengersonlife-changingtripsinitsspaceships.For4minutes,its6temporarilyweightlesspassengers,includingthefirm’sco-founder,SirRichardBranson,sawtheplanet’scurvature(曲度)againsttheblacknessofouterspace.HemayhavebeenpleasedtobeatJeffBezos,Amazon’sretiredboss,whowouldgoslightlyhigherforslightlylesstimeinavehiclebuiltbyhisowncompany,BlueOrigin,onJuly20th.Thetwoareamongagrowinggroupoffanswhobelievespacetravel’stimehascome.Suborbital(亚轨道的)tourismispartofabroaderspaceeconomythathasboomedoverthepastdecadethankstotechnologicaladvances.ThoseatMorganStanleyexpecttheentirespaceeconomytobringin$1trillionby2040,from$350billiontoday.UBSexpectstheentirespaceeconomytoproduce$800billionbytheendofthisdecade.Spacetravel,itthinks,willmake“abigcontribution”tothattotal.Butthatishighlyunlikely.Forexample,spacetravelisnotevenBlueOrigin’smaingoal.Thecompanyisfocusingondevelopingalargenewrocketforlaunchingsatellites,onsellingadvancedrocketenginestoothercompaniesandonwinningNASAcontractssuchasthatforasystemtolandhumansontheMoon.Inthelongrun,Mr.Bezosdoesn’tseeBlueOriginasaproviderofservicestothrill-seekers.Thebusinesscanbepromisingonceregularflightsbegintooffset(抵消)therockets’developmentcosts.Buthowfastandbyhowmuchisuncertain.Withouttourist-friendlyplacestovisit,spacetravel,withitsfarhigherticketprices,willnotbeahugerearner.Anotherchallenge—alsothebiggestuncertainty—relatestosafety.Historyhasshownthatadisastercansetprogressbackbyyears.Evenwithnoaccidents,problemsmaycomeup.Stricttop-downrulescouldmeanthatindustrywillnolongerhavethefreedomtopursuenewapproachestoimprovingsafety.Spacetravelmayremainahobbyforafewsuper-richwithadesiretotakerisksandlotsoftimetospare.Notexactlyamassmarket,then,forthetimebeing.12.WhyistheeventofSirRichardBransonandJeffBezosmentioned?A.Todescribeadebatebetweenthem.B.Tointroducethetopicofspacetravel.C.ToproveVirginGalactic’sdevelopment.D.Todrawourattentiontothetwosuper-rich.13.Theunderlinedword“boomed”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.increased B.recovered C.slowed D.weakened14.WhatdoesBlueOriginmainlyfocuson?A.Flyingthesuper-richtospace.B.Improvingthesafetyofspacetravel.C.Sellingfacilitiestoothercompanies.D.Developingthemostadvancedsatellites.15.Whyisspacetravelnotamassmarketnow?A.Super-richpeopleareunwillingtopayforit.B.Therearetoomanytravelplacestochoosefrom.C.Problemsofsafetyandcostsremaintobesolved.D.Onlythesuper-richareallowedbythestrictrules.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了现在很多的富豪都热衷于太空旅行，而且很多大型公司都在努力实现它。但是现在太空旅行还不太现实，一是因为它会耗费太多的成本，二是因为安全问题。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“OnJuly11thVirginGalacticfinallyrealizedthepromisethatitwouldtakepassengersonlife-changingtripsinitsspaceships.(7月11日，VirginGalactic终于实现了它将乘坐宇宙飞船带乘客进行改变生活的旅行的承诺)”以及第二段第一句话“Thetwoareamongagrowinggroupofenthusiastswhobelievespacetourism’stimehascome.(越来越多的爱好者相信太空旅游的时代已经到来，这两位也是其中之一)”可推知，第一段提到SirRichardBranson和JeffBezos都是为了说明他们两个都是太空旅行的爱好者，从而引出文章的主题——太空旅行。故选B。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“ThoseatMorganStanleyexpecttheentirespaceeconomytobringin$1trillionby2040,from＄350billiontoday.(摩根士丹利(MorganStanley)的分析师预计，到2040年，整个太空经济将从目前的3500亿美元增加1万亿美元)”可知，太空经济是蓬勃发展的，可推知boom是“提高，发展”之意。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“Thecompanyisfocusingondevelopingalargenewrocketforlaunchingsatellites,onsellingadvancedrocketenginestoothercompaniesandonwinningNASAcontractssuchasthatforasystemtolandhumansontheMoon.(该公司正专注于开发一种用于发射卫星的新型大型火箭，向其他公司出售先进的火箭发动机，并赢得美国宇航局的合同，例如人类登月系统的合同)”可知，BlueOrigin公司关注的是向其他公司出售用于发射卫星的新型火箭。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段第一句话“Anotherchallenge—andthebiggestuncertainty—relatestosafety.(另一个挑战——也是最大的不确定性——与安全有关)”可知，现在太空旅行最大的问题是安全问题，这也是太空旅行没有进入大众市场的原因。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thinkofanyobjectsinyourhouse,mealsyoueat,orgesturesyouuse,andyou’llfindevidenceofculture.____16____Youshouldlearnmoreaboutitandknowhowyoucankeepitstrong.Herearesometips.※Shareyourculture’sartandtechniques.Eachculturehasitsownclothing,music,visualarts,andmanymoresignificantfeatures.Othermembersofyourculturewillbeoverjoyedtoshareortalkabouttheirinterests,whattheydoforfun,andfineworksofarttheyappreciate.Thismayincludetraditionalartifactsyoucanfindinamuseum,butmaterialculturegoesfarbeyondthat.____17____.※Cookfamilyrecipes(食谱).It’snevertoolatetolearnsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother’scookbook.____18____Duringtheprocess,youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorfestivals.Justreadingarecipecanteachyouhowmuchingredientsandkitchentoolshavechanged.※____19____Yourcityorvillagemayhavesomeculturalevents,whichyoushouldactivelyparticipatein.Ifyoudon’tknowaboutanyinyourarea,sometribesorethnicgroupsinyourcountryalmostcertainlycelebratemajorculturalfestivals.Traveltotheseplacestogetabroaderviewaboutyourculture.※Speakyourlocaldialect.Ifyouknowsomeonewhosharesyourculturebutspeaksanativelanguagebetterthanyou,askhimorhertoteachyou.Languageisanimportantpartofaculture.____20____Plus,ifthelanguageisrareinyourarea,nobodywillbeabletounderstandwhatyou’retalkingabout.A.Culturehasshapedwhoyouare.B.Attendmajoreventsandfestivals.C.Travelabroadtocelebrateculturalfestivals.D.Smellandtastehaveapowerfulconnectiontomemory.E.Evenakitchenspoonorapublicbuildingisaculturalartwork.F.They’lldisappearwithtimeifyoudon’tmakeeffortstopreservethem.G.Manyexpertsarguethatlanguageshapesourwholeviewabouttheworld.【答案】16.A17.E18.D19.B20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一些了解文化并保存文化的方法。【16题详解】空前“Thinkofanyobjectsinyourhouse,mealsyoueat,orgesturesyouuse,andyou’llfindevidenceofculture.(想想你家里的任何物品，你吃的食物，或你使用的手势，你会发现文化的证据)”描述文化在我们周围存在，空后“Youshouldlearnmoreaboutitandknowhowyoucankeepitstrong.(你应该更多地了解它，知道如何保持它的强大)”中it指代culture，本句表示我们应该了解并保存文化；A选项“Culturehasshapedwhoyouare.(文化塑造了你)”描述文化的作用，符合语境。故选A项。【17题详解】本段描述文化艺术和技术分享。空前“Thismayincludetraditionalartifactsyoucanfindinamuseum,butmaterialculturegoesfarbeyondthat.(这可能包括你可以在博物馆找到的传统文物，但物质文化远不止于此)”可知，空处应描述物质文化；E选项“Evenakitchenspoonorapublicbuildingisaculturalartwork.(即使是厨房的勺子或公共建筑也是文化艺术品)”描述物质文化，符合语境。故选E项。18题详解】小标题可知，本段描述通过食谱保存文化，即，味道上的文化。空前“It’snevertoolatetolearnsomerecipesfromyourgrandmother’scookbook.(从祖母的烹饪书中学习一些食谱永远都不晚)”描述从食谱中学习，空后“Duringtheprocess,youmightremembermealsfromyourchildhoodorfestivals(在这个过程中，你可能会想起童年的饭菜或节日)”描述烹饪的过程能引发回忆；D选项“Smellandtastehaveapowerfulconnectiontomemory.(嗅觉和味觉与记忆有着强大的联系)”承上启下，描述从食谱中学习烹饪能引发过去的回忆，符合语境。故选D项。【19题详解】本空为小标题。空后“Yourcityorvillagemayhavesomeculturalevents,whichyoushouldactivelyparticipatein.(你所在的城市或村庄可能会有一些文化活动，你应该积极参与)”及下文可知，本段描述我们应积极参与文化活动；B选项“Attendmajoreventsandfestivals.(参加重大活动和节日)”符合本段主旨。故选B项。【20题详解】小标题可知，本段描述说当地语言来保存文化。空前“Languageisanimportantpartofaculture.(语言是文化的重要组成部分)”描述语言对于文化保存的重要性；G选项“Manyexpertsarguethatlanguageshapesourwholeviewabouttheworld.(许多专家认为语言塑造了我们对世界的整体看法)”从专家的角度证实了前一句的观点，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Afewweeksago,Iwassitingatapicnictablewithmywifeoutsideabeerfactory.Wewerehavinga____21____whenacarpulledupnearitsentrance.Thedoorsopenedandout____22____whomIbelievedtobeafamilyofthree-mother,fatheranddaughter.They____23____tobetheentertainersfortheevening.Quickly,thefatherandthemotherbeganconstructingasingingsiteintheparkinglot.They____24____aguitarandamicrophone.Itwasahotevening,buttheycarefullysetupthe____25____.Meanwhile,thedaughterstoodbehindtheircar.Shewasn’t____26____.Shewasonherphoneandlookedtobetexting.Ithoughttomyself,“Whydoesn’tshehelpherparents____27____theequipment?”I____28____didwhatIshouldneverdo:formedaviewofthisgirl.ItturnedoutthatIwas____29____whenIhadherinmyofficeafewdayslatertotalkaboutherstory:a9-year-oldplayingasmallguitarwholater_____30_____withpopularsingersScottyMcCreeryandScottyWilliams,andhaswrittenoversixty_____31_____.Thatnightoutsidethebeerfactory,16-year-oldAylaLynnMayowasnothelpingherparentssetuptheequipmentbecausetheydidn’t_____32_____herto.Theyhavea_____33_____wayofdoingthingsandsheisnotneeded.Shewasonthephonetextingpeopletocometohearherperform.That’show_____34_____buildanaudience.It’snothersinginggiftbutwhatkindofpersonsheisthat_____35_____me.Sheispatientand_____36_____.“Ihavegotplentyofchancestoperformandgoodpay,butI’mholdingmyselfback,”shesaid.“Iwanttofinishschoolfirst.”Lifeinmusicwon’tbe_____37_____forAyla.Butshehasplentyoffamilysupport,agreat_____38_____,andtheabilitytowritemusic.Shehasachanceandshehasalready_____39_____mewrong.Don’tbetooinfluencedbyfirstimpression.It’sthesecondimpressionthatmaydelightfully_____40_____you.21.A.debate B.drink C.quarrel D.dream22.A.rushed B.ran C.jumped D.came23.A.appeared B.happened C.agreed D.pretended24.A.selected B.held C.positioned D.removed25.A.equipment B.stage C.studio D.tent26.A.approaching B.helping C.chatting D.responding27.A.pack B.gather C.carry D.deliver28.A.lately B.slowly C.likely D.immediately29.A.patient B.frank C.wrong D.intelligent30.A.competed B.performed C.practised D.contacted31.A.texts B.poems C.stories D.songs32.A.want B.encourage C.persuade D.force33.A.definite B.flexible C.specific D.strange34.A.hosts B.entertainers C.lecturers D.journalists35.A.influenced B.concerned C.changed D.impressed36.A.independent B.creative C.energetic D.grateful37.A.difficult B.limited C.normal D.easy38.A.desire B.mind C.voice D.courage39.A.announced B.proved C.defined D.considered40.A.improve B.satisfy C.amaze D.identify【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.B31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D36.A37.D38.C39.B40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述的是作者一开始受第一印象影响，误解了年轻歌手艾拉，后来了解她的故事后而变为欣赏她，并借此劝导读者不要受第一印象的影响，过早下定论。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们当时喝酒的时候，有辆车停在啤酒厂的入口。A.debate辩论；B.drink酒，饮料；C.quarrel争吵；D.dream梦想。由前文“Afewweeksago,Iwassitingatapicnictablewithmywifeoutsideabeerfactory.”可知当时我们坐在啤酒厂外的野餐桌旁，由此推知，当时我们在喝酒。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：车门打开，出来了三个人，我觉得是由母亲、父亲和女儿组成的一个三口之家。A.rushed猛冲；B.ran奔跑；C.jumped跳跃；D.came来。动词短语comeout意为“出来”。由“Thedoorsopened”可知，车门打开，所以随后车里的人出来。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们看起来是今晚的表演者。A.appeared看起来；B.happened发生；C.agreed同意；D.pretended假装。由后文“Quickly,thefatherandthemotherbeganconstructingasingingsiteintheparkinglot.”可知，作者看到他们在停车场搭建起一个歌唱场地，说明作者通过他们的表现而觉得他们看起来像是表演的人。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们安放一把吉他和一架麦克风。A.selected选择；B.held举办；C.positioned安放；D.removed清除。由前文“beganconstructingasingingsite”可知他们在搭建一个歌唱场地，所以此时他们应该是在安放吉他和麦克风，为到时候表演做准备。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那晚十分的热，但是他们很认真地安装设备。A.equipment设备；B.stage舞台；C.studio录音室；D.tent帐篷。由前文“aguitarandamicrophone”提到了表演设备可知，此处是指他们在认真地安装设备。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有帮忙。A.approaching靠近；B.helping帮忙；C.chatting聊天；D.responding回应。由前文“Meanwhile,thedaughterstoodbehindtheircar.”以及后文“Shewasonherphoneandlookedtobetexting.”可知，这位女儿在父母们搭建场地、安装设备的时候站在车后面玩手机，看起来像是在发信息，由此可知当时她并没有帮忙。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么她不帮她的父母搬抬设备呢？A.pack打包；B.gather聚集；C.carry拿，搬；D.deliver传送。由前文这位女儿的父母在忙着安装设备而她却不帮忙可知，作者疑惑的是她为什么不去帮忙搬设备，给父母搭把手。故选C项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我当即做了一件我从不该做的事：对女孩有看法。A.lately最近；B.slowly缓慢地；C.likely可能；D.immediately马上。结合语意，作者看到女孩不帮忙的样子时，应该是马上就对她产生看法了。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我几天后在办公室听到她的故事后，才发现是我错了：她9岁的时候，就弹着一把小吉他，后来与流行歌手斯考迪·迈克克里瑞和斯考迪·威廉姆斯一起表演，创作了60多首歌曲。A.patient有耐心的；B.frank坦率的；C.wrong错误的；D.intelligent聪明的。由后文“Thatnightoutsidethebeerfactory,16-year-oldAylaLynnMayowasnothelpingherparentssetuptheequipmentbecausetheydidn’t____12____herto.Theyhavea____13____wayofdoingthingsandsheisnotneeded.”可知，作者一开始弄错了，并不是女孩不帮忙，而是他们有特定的做事方式。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我几天后在办公室听到她的故事后，才发现是我错了：她9岁的时候，就弹着一把小吉他，后来与流行歌手斯考迪·迈克克里瑞和斯考迪·威廉姆斯一起表演，创作了60多首歌曲。A.competed竞争；B.performed表演；C.practised练习；D.contacted接触。结合语意，斯考迪·迈克克里瑞和斯考迪·威廉姆斯是流行歌手，所以女孩应该是和他们一起表演。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我几天后在办公室听到她的故事后，才发现是我错了：她9岁的时候，就弹着一把小吉他，后来与流行歌手斯考迪·迈克克里瑞和斯考迪·威廉姆斯一起表演，创作了60多首歌曲。A.texts文本；B.poems诗；C.stories故事；D.songs歌曲。结合语意，女孩是表演唱歌的，所以创作的内容与音乐相关，即歌曲符合题意。故选D项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：啤酒厂外的那晚，16岁的艾拉·林恩·梅奥没有帮助父母安装设备，是因为他们不想让她这样做。A.want想要；B.encourage鼓舞；C.persuade劝服；D.force迫使。由后文“sheisnotneeded”可知，说明女孩不帮忙不是因为她不管不顾，而是因为本就不需要她这么做，也就是说，本就不想让她帮忙。故选A项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们有特定的做事方式，不需要她。A.definite不会改变的；B.flexible灵活的；C.specific特定的；D.strange奇怪的。由“sheisnotneeded”可知，女孩不需要帮忙安装设备，说明他们有特定的行事分工方式。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是表演者培养观众群体的方式。A.hosts主持人；B.entertainers表演者；C.lecturers演讲者；D.journalists新闻记者。结合语意，前文“Shewasonthephonetextingpeopletocometohearherperform.”可知，女孩是表演者，她通过发信息让别人过来观看表演的方式来培养观众群体。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我印象深刻不是她的歌唱天赋，而是她是个怎样的人。A.influenced影响；B.concerned使担忧；C.changed改变；D.impressed使印象深刻。由后文“Sheispatientand____16____.”提到作者对女孩的印象可知，此处是指女孩的为人让作者印象深刻。故选D项。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她有耐心，也很有主见。A.independent自立的，有主见的；B.creative有创造力的；C.energetic充满活力的；D.grateful感激的。由后文作者引出女孩的原话“Ihavegotplentyofchancestoperformandgodpay,butI’mholdingmyselfback”以及“Iwanttofinishschoolfirst”可知，女孩想要暂且停下演出，先完成学业，说明她有自己的规划，是个独立而有主见的人。故选A项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对艾拉而言，音乐人生并非易事。A.difficult困难的；B.limited有限的；C.normal正常的；D.easy容易的。后文“Butshehasplentyoffamilysupport,agreat____18____,andtheabilitytowritemusic.”提到她有很多方面的因素助她做好音乐，“But”说明后文与此处之间是转折关系，所以此处应为女孩想要过音乐人生，不是一件容易的事情。故选D项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，她有家人的强烈支持，有很好的嗓音，也有写歌的能力。A.desire渴望；B.mind思想；C.voice嗓音；D.courage勇气。结合语意，女孩表演唱歌，说明她有很好的嗓音。故选C项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她有机会，她也证明是我错了。A.announced宣布；B.proved证明；C.defined下定义；D.considered考虑。结合语意，由前文“ItturnedoutthatIwas____9____whenIhadherinmyofficeafewdayslatertotalkaboutherstory”可知，作者对女孩之前的看法是错误的，所以此处是指女孩证明是“我”错了。故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二印象才是可能让你感到惊喜的。A.improve提高；B.satisfy使满意；C.amaze使惊奇；D.identify识别。结合语意，一开始作者对女孩有看法，后来通过更多地了解她而对她大为改观，并且由前文“Don’tbetooinfluencedbyfirstimpression.”提到不要过于受第一印象的影响可知，此处作者是觉得第二印象才是可能令人感到惊奇的。故选C项。第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China'sLongMarch8rocketsetanewrecordattheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanonFebruary27,2022.It'sthefirsttimethattherocket____41____(lift)offwith22satellites,andtheywerelaterlaunchedintospace.Thetechnologybehindasinglerocketliftingoffwithmultiplesatellitesinsideiscomplex,asallthesatellitesmustbearranged____42____(suitable)apartinside,like"passengers"inacrowdedvehicle.Thedesignoftherocketmustbesuchthatthesatellitesinsidedon'touchorblock（阻挡）eachotherinthelaunchingprocess.Also,whentherocketreachesitslaunchingpoint,thedoorsmustopen____43____(let)thesatellitescomeout.Thetiming____44____(control)sothatthesatel