备战2023年高考英语一轮复习（新高考专用）考点14-阅读之词义猜测题解析版

考点14阅读之词义猜测（解析版）【命题趋势】 词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一识别词义猜测题【典例】【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.【参考答案】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C。【词义猜测题型提分秘籍】了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1)代词类猜词题Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2refersto_______.Theunderlinedword“it"inPara.4refersto_______.(2)其他类猜测题WhatdoesthewordX(inParagraphX)mean?WhatdoestheunderlinedwordXmean?Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?TheunderlinedwordXprobablymeans_______.考向二词义猜测题解题方法【典例】【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.【参考答案】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组taketheplunge与trychallengingthings“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。【词义猜测题提分秘籍】1.代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2.其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：表否定dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等表其他的anti-(反对；抵抗),auto-(自动),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再；又),sub-(下面的；次；小),tele-(强调距离)等前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性常见后缀：表名词-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等表动词-(e)n(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为)表副词有-ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)表形容词-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3)因果法——根据因果关系常见表示因果的词汇：because,for,as,since,forthereasonthat,consideringthat(4)并列法——根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,together/alongwith,when/while(5)转折法——根据转折关系 常见表示转折的词汇：while,not,but,however,yet,otherwise,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,insteadof,ratherthan【2022年全国乙卷C篇】Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.【参考答案】词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto_?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.【参考答案】猜测词义题。根据第一段IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.

意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This

wanderlust

isinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.

遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire. B.Export.C.Destroy. D.Distribute.【参考答案】 C词义猜测题。根据前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute分配。故选C。【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.【参考答案】 A词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference. B.Conflict.C.Balance. D.Connection.【参考答案】A词义猜测题根据Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（横杆）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?A.Becareful! B.Welldone! C.Noway! D.Don'tworry!【参考答案】 B词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms【参考答案】 A词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople”可知其中的“documented”意为“记录”。因此，结合划线词后面的“thebirthoftheWildNetwork”可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生，顾“charts”意为“记录”，故选A。【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】ThepoignancyofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.43.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas.A.lettinggoofthepast B.lookingforanewjobC.gettingridofabadhabit D.givingupanopportunity【参考答案】 A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance. D.Facevalue.【参考答案】B词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。6.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物种）.It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.

What

does

the

underlined

word

“collapsed”

in

paragraph

5

probably

mean?A.

Boomed. B.

Became

mature.

C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。7.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。8.【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely. B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully. D.Watchingcarefully.【参考答案】D词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。9.【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?（）A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【参考答案】 D词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?（）A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.【参考答案】 D词义猜测题。根据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】Buthe’snervous.＂I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.【参考答案】 A词义猜测题根据第二段totellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…Christripsonthe…可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,I’lldoit."25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork. B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds. D.Provideadvice.【参考答案】 B词义猜测题heartstrings是由heart+strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。由上文可知，作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑，作者需要说服她。由ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon.可知，作者提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动；一位爸爸即便自己孩子没有加入球队，也给该球队执教。由此可猜测出作者是想从感情上打动这位家长。1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords "takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.competingagainst【参考答案】 D词义猜测题根据第四段最后一句…beatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales可知，VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWu这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选D项。1【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【参考答案】 词义猜测题。根据第三段I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）Theworldisgettinggreener,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNaturethisweek.ChiChen,leadauthorofthestudy,andhiscolleagueshavebeenminingdatacollectedbyanorbitingNASAcamerathatmonitorsgreenvegetationonEarth’ssurface,daybyday.Evenmoreinteresting:Theyareabletoshowtheexactcausesofincreasingordecreasingleafcoverinparticularareas.Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming.Sincetheclimateisbecomingmoreandmoretemperateandthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere.1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“temperate”inparagraph3?A．Warm. B．Wet.C．Cold D．Dry.【参考答案】词句猜测题。根据画线词前“Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming(在一些寒冷的地方，植被覆盖的增加明显是由全球变暖引起的)”及后面的“andthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere(生长季节变得越来越长，那里的植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多)”可知，植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖，因此画线词temperate意为“暖和的”，即Warm，故选A。（2022·河北石家庄·一模）30yearslater,Bobandhiswife,JillWelch,decidedtoturntheirweddingintoafundraiserfortheMake-A-WishFoundation.Theirweddingguestsfinancedtwowishesforlocalchildren,morebeingplanned.Manydonatedgenerouslytothecause,spendingmore,perhaps,thantheymighthaveifitwasjusttobuythecoupleaweddinggiftlikefinechinaorakitchenappliance.BobsaidtheirweddingdonationtotheMake-A-WishFoundationisn’tgoingtobe“oneanddone”.Thetwoplanoncontinuingtocontributegoingforward.37．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“oneanddone”inParagraph2mean?A．Once-only. B．Non-stop. C．Sizable. D．Personal.【参考答案】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Thetwoplanoncontinuingtocontributegoingforward.”可知，二人计划继续做贡献，这说明他们的婚礼募捐不会“一劳永逸”，与A项“Once-only”同义，故选A。（2022·河北张家口·一模）Inthelate1930s,acollectionof14goldRomancoins,knownastheChapipitreasure,wasalsofoundinthesamewoodlands.Theresearchersbelievethatlocalpeoplemayhaveburiedtheircoinstokeepthemsafeduringaperiodofintensepoliticalinstabilityintheregion.Themostrecentcoininthenewly-discoveredGradocollectiondatestoA．D．430,whichwasaftertheSuebi—agroupofGermanicpeopleoriginallyfrommodern-dayGermanyandtheCzechRepublic—pushedtheRomansoutofSpaininA．D．409,accordingtoElPais.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”refertoinParagraph4?A．TheRomans. B．Thecoins. C．Thewoodlands. D．Theresearchers.【参考答案】词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“Theresearchersbelievethatlocalpeoplemayhaveburiedtheircoinstokeepthemsafeduringaperiodofintensepoliticalinstabilityintheregion.(研究人员认为，在这一地区政治动荡的时期，当地人可能把硬币埋了起来，以保证它们的安全)”可知，them指代句中的theircoins。故选B项。（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）Besides,10%ofrichcountriesgreenhousegasemissionscomefromfoodthatwasgrownandnevereaten.Foodwastenotonlycontributestoclimatechange,butalsofoodinsecurityandextremepoverty.Asstatedabove,inthegreatestfoodwastingcountries,therearelawsthatconfineproducefrombeingdonatedtopeopleinneed.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“confine”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Refuse. B．Restrict. C．Contact. D．Protect.【参考答案】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Andthefoodthatdoesn’tmeetthesestandardsisthrownaway.Thereareincrediblystrictlawsaboutfooddonationthatactuallymakesitillegaltodonatefoodthatdoesn’tmeetstandardsthataresimilartothoseofthegrocerystoreaswellaslawsthatrestrictthisfoodfrombeingusedasanimalfeed.(不符合这些标准的食物就会被扔掉。关于食品捐赠有非常严格的法律规定，捐赠不符合食品杂货店标准的食品是违法的，法律还限制这些食品被用作动物饲料)”以及画线词上文“inthegreatestfoodwastingcountries”和后文“producefrombeingdonatedtopeopleinneed”可知，在粮食浪费最严重的国家，法律限制将农产品捐赠给有需要的人。故画线词意思是“限制”。A.Refuse.拒绝；B.Restrict.限制；C.Contact.联系；D.Protect.保护。故选B。（2022·河南·模拟预测）Theyogurtthat’spastitssell-bydate.Thebananainyourlunchthatturnedbrown.Theleftoversinthefridgethatyouforgottoeat.Formostpeople,allthatfoodgoesrightintothegarbagecan.Eighttotenpercentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions(放)arerelatedtofoodwaste,accordingtoareportbytheU.N.’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.“Whenyouthrowawayaneggorasandwich,”saysYvetteCabrera,foodwastevicedirectorattheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(N.R.D．C．),“you’realsothrowingawayalltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings.”Thatincludesnotonlyallthewater,land,andfertilizer(化肥)thatwentintoproducingthatfood,butalsothemassiveamountsoffossilfuelsusedtopowerthefarms,transportthefood,andcreatethepackaging.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inParagraph3referto?A．Theleftoversinthefridge. B．Thepackagingforproducts.C．Thethrowneggorsandwich. D．Theresourcestoproducefood.【参考答案】词句猜测题。根据上文第二段末““Whenyouthrowawayaneggorasandwich,”saysYvetteCabrera,“you’realsothrowingawayalltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings.”（YvetteCabrera说道，‘当你扔掉一个鸡蛋或者三明治的时候，你也同样将制作这些东西的所有资源扔掉了’）”以及本句“Thatincludesnotonlyallthewater,land,andfertilizer(化肥)thatwentintoproducingthatfood,（这不仅包括所有制作食物所需的水、土地以及化肥，）”可知，此处的that指代前文所提到的制作这些东西的资源，故选D。（2022·宁夏·银川一中一模）TheYawatechnologyisanexampleofbestpracticeinthecirculareconomy.Materialsusedtobuildthemachinearerecyclable.Thetechnologyisevenbeingadjustedtolocalairquality,aresponsetothechallengescausedbyairpollution.Butmostimportantly,thetechnologycanbeused,ownedandrepairedbythecommunitiesitserves,eveniftheyarenotclearonthesciencebehindit.“WhenIwasfirsttestingthistechnologyindifferentruralcommunities,Ispentalotoftimeexplainingthetechnicalaspectsofit,”Hidalgosaid.“Atonepointawomanstoppedmeandlookedmeintheeyeandsaid,‘Youngman,Ijustwantwater.’Andthatchangedsomethinginsideofme,andIknewthatIhadtokeepthingssimple.”39．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4imply?A．Thewomandidn’ttrustYawa.B．Thewomanbadlyneededwater.C．ThesciencebehindYawawascomplex.D．ThetestonYawawasdisappointing.【参考答案】