高中英语基础语法

Ithinkthatheisfitforhisoffice.

语法专项一：句子成分；简单句；并列句和复合句宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendme皿“「dictionary,

一.句子成分please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Thevelecledhimtheirmonitor.

句子成分的定义：（五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除了一个直接宾语以外，还要有•个宾语

构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动

谓语。次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、

（-）主语：主语是一个句子所陈述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑介词短语和从句充当。例如：

问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词HisfathernamedhimXiaomiiiR.

后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语Theypaintedtheirboatwhite

从句来充当。例如：Letthefreshairin.

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhim“itrneymyou.

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.Wesawhimtheroom.

Onethirdofthestudentsinthisclassisgirls.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Wewillsoonmakeourcilv卬/山citvhi.

T7ierichshouldhelpthepoor.（六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语，定语可由以下成分来充当：

■'%weare史oinatohaveanEnglishteslhasnotbeendecided.Guilinisabeautifulcity.

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeiunla，iEU（iRe.ChinaisadevclopinRcountry;Americanisadevelopedcountry.

（二）谓语：谓语是说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中做谓语，Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.

一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.

1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirstenler（heclassroom.

2.更合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：YoumaykeeptheTheteachinaplantornexttermhasbeenworkedout.

bookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词力口表语构成。如：WeHeisreadinganarticleaboutAowlearnEnglish.

arestudents.（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,

（三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be、叫做状语。可由以下形式充当：

become^get、look、remain等）之后。表语•般有名词、形容词、代词、分LighttravelsmostQuickly.

词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。例如：Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.

Isityours?Heisintheroommakinaamodelplane.

Theweatherhasturnedcold.bedn,youmustcontinue.

Threetimessevenisfwe心one.状语种类如下：

HisjobistoteachingEnglish.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix"?

Hishobbyis加女football.Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseof〔herain.

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.

Timeis维.Theclassis。一匚MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithwreatcare.

（四）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象和承受着，一般位于及物动词或介词之后。例如：Shecaineinwilhadictionary加herhand.

Theywenttoseeanexhibilionyesterday./〃ordertocatchupwiththeothers,1mustworkharder.

Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.HewassotiredthathefellasleeDimmediately.

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Sheworksveryhardthouahsheold.

Hepretendedseeme.IamtallerIhanheis.

IenjoylisleninfitoDopidarnrnsic.

练习一muchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeafter

theparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.Therearefive

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：differenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.How

manydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well.Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Please

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.givemybestregardstoyourparents.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.1shallansweryourquestionafterclass.四、选择填空：

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.()1.____willleavefbrBeijing.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.()2.Theweather____.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.()3.Theapplelasted____.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

12.Tbmcametoaskmeforadvice.()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?()5.Theactorattheageof70.

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?()6.____wereallverylired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.A.We,usB,Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

20.Theapplestastedsweet.()8.1think_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(一)、谓语(=)、宾语(〜)：()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'm()1().Iwillneverforgettheday1joinedthearmy.

helpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.ItisthetimeofyearforthericeA.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkby

thelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitis

coldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,my

Dadhasonlytwomenworkingfbrhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrother

takescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehave

towalerthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwalerfromawell.Ilthenrunsalong

channelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(一)、状语(=)、补语(〜)：

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—too

二、简单句、并列句和复合句2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结

合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。

（一）句子种类两种分类法3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,

1、按句子的用途可分四种：but,or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考

yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?中经常考查。如：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow0

3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass

4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句

2、按句子的结构可分三种：一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.

e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.2.Theboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledlorn.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomealseven

2）并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在intheevening.

一起构成。5.HeisinClassOneand1aminClassTwo.

e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?

语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。9.Thefannerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.Ihopeyouareverywell().I'mfine,buttired().Rightnowitisthesummer

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.vacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeveryday1workfromdawnuntildark.()

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors().Wegrowriceinthe

主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.southoftheStales,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotof

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。machinesonthefarm().Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonly(womenworkingfor

（三）并列句的分类him().Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest().Mybrothertakescareofthe

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.vegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere().Asaresult,wehave

Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent\nameisJohn.towaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell().It

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…，otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryoufIImissthethenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().

train.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。已g.HewasalittlemanMostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmake

withthickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.usveryhappy().Wecookmealonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.AugusiisthetimeoftheyearforriveAmericanseatalotofmeat-toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer

harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.().Idon't,because1havetodrivehomeaftertheparty().Inyourletteryouaskedabout

（四）高考考点探讨thetimeindifferentareasoftheStates().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但InmystalewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijinglime().Howmanydifferentlime

是在阅读中有时需借助r划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的areasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegiveiny

能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。bestregardstoyourparents().

三、选择填空：A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme

()1.Givemeonemoreminute____I'llbeabletofinishit.()19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds.

A.andB.orC.ifD.soA.yetheB.butheC.andD.he

()2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?()20.--Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.--1had,____I'velostit.

A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'titA.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so

()3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!()21.___downtheradio----thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.

A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.WhatanA.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn

()4.Letuspass,____?()22.--Idon'tlikechicken____fish.--Idon'tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.

A.shan,tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyouA.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but

()5.1supposehe'sserious,____?()23.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?----I'dliketo,____I'mtoobusy.

A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'theA.andB.soC.asD.but

()6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere.____?()24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?

A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyouA.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise

()7.Trainashardasyoucan____you'llwintheswimmingcompetition.()25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.

A.thenB.butC.andD.orA.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived

()8.I'msorrytohavetosaythis,___youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyouleftthe()26."Can'tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.

roomlastnight.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed

A.andB.butC.soD.because()27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,___,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmy

()9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.daughter.

A.Henryhasn'ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasA.whomB.whereC.whichD.while

Henry()28.___itwithmeandFilseewhatIcando.

()10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyA.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave

swimming.()29.--Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,____?——ButIfedityesterday.

A.orB.forC.whileD.soA.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou

()11.-Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?()30.____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.

--I'dliketogoout.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch

A.orB.andC.butD.so

()12.----“____isthetemperaturetoday?^^--"It's38degrees.”四、按要求完成下列句子：

A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改为否定句)

()13.—Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?----___.2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.(对画线部分提问)

A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?(完成反意疑问)

()14.___friendly____toeveryone!4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.(改为祈使句)

A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为•般疑问句)

()15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired.6.Itisaninterestingstory.(改为感叹句)

A.orB.soC.forD.yet7.Thismagazinecomesout(出版)everyotherweek.(对湎线部分提问)

()16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger.8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?(完成反意疑问)

A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.(改为感叹句)

()17.Helayinbed___readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.(对画线部分提问)

A.butB.andC.orD.yet

()18.--rdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.

--____whatyouwantand1cangetitfbryou.

3）as引导定语从句时的用法

语法专项二：定语从句①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame-as,such…as结构中。

e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend,s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

定语从句的含义：SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器

在主从复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。是中国制造的。

（-）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。

1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as通常用卜歹峋型：asisknowntoalLasissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,

2、关系副词：when,where,whyasIexpect等。

关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagainin（hismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的

同时在从句中又充当句子成分。那样，他在这次期中考试中乂获得了第一名。

e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

Thecomradew