新教材2024版高中英语Unit2LessonsinlifeSectionⅡUsinglanguage学生用书外研版选择性必修第四册

SectionⅡUsinglanguage1cooperatev．合作，协作(教材原句)Itiseasiertoachievesomethingifyoucooperatewithsomeoneelse.假如你和别人合作，就更简洁达成目标。❶Thetwogroupsagreedtocooperatewitheachother.这两个组同意相互协作。❷Inhisletterheindicatedtousthathewaswillingtocooperate.他在信中向我们透露他情愿合作。❸Weweregreatlyaidedinourinvestigationbythecooperationofthepolice.我们在调查的过程中得到警方的大力帮助。cooperatewithsb.in/onsth.在……方面与某人合作[单词积累]cooperationn．合作[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theyhadcooperatedclosely________theplanningoftheproject.②Heexpressedhisstrongdesiretocooperate________us.③Hisambitionistostrengthenthe________(cooperate)withthebigcompany.完成句子④Janeparticipatesin______________(与……合作)ourcompany.2ratherthan而不是；与其，不愿(用于连接两个并列成分)(教材原句)Youshouldstartthingsearlierratherthanlater.你应当早做而不是晚做。❶Hedecidedtorelyonhimselfratherthanseekhelpfromhisfriends.他确定靠自己而不向挚友求助。❷I'dliketocooperatewithhimratherthanyou.我想跟他合作，而不是跟你合作。❸YouratherthanIaregoingcamping.要去野营的是你，而不是我。ratherthan连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的成分在人称和数上保持一样。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Whatweexpectfromyouisworkinghardratherthanhardly________(work)．②Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan________(divide)us.③Ratherthan________(stay)here,Iprefertoleave.④Ithinkitisthemanager,ratherthantheworkers,that________(be)toblame.识登记列重要短语①o...在……耗费(精力);往……投入(资金)②cometrue(愿望，幻想等)实现③passon(传递)④creditto归功于⑤stickto坚持⑥assoonaspossible尽可能快地⑦not...atall根本不被动语态语法新知·连接课堂一、语法现象感知①BoththeheadsetsandtheglovesareconnectedtoacomputernetworkintheVRstudio.②Inonecase,ateenagerwhowasafraidoftalkingandplayingwithhisschoolmateswastreatedwithVR.③Toachievethis,specialVRheadsetsaredesignedtoallowtheuserstoseein3­Dandhearthesoundallaroundthem.④Besidesthis，VRcanbeusedtopractiseskillsinasecureenvironmentthatotherwisewouldbequitedangerous.⑤However,withVRweareabletodothingsthatcouldneverbeachievedinreallife.⑥Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.⑦Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.⑧Bythattime,Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.⑨Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!⑩ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever,hewouldhavetoberebuilt.二、语法规则理解1．在被动语态的句子中，主语是动作的________。2．在被动语态的句子中，谓语的基本构成形式为：助动词be＋及物动词的________。3．在被动语态的句子中，谓语可以有各种________或含有________动词。4．在非谓语动词结构中，动词不定式和现在分词也有自己的时态和________。语法探究·核心突破语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。假如主语是动作的执行者，或者说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；假如主语是动作的承受者，或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。被动语态的构成是：助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词。一、各种时态的被动语态(一)各种时态的主、被动语态的构成时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are＋done一般将来时will/shall＋dowill/shall/begoingto＋be＋done现在进行时am/is/are＋doingam/is/are＋being＋done一般过去时didwas/were＋done现在完成时have/has＋donehave/has＋been＋done过去完成时had＋donehad＋been＋done过去进行时was/were十doingwas/were＋being＋done情态动词情态动词＋do情态动词＋be＋done(二)留意事项1．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态，系动词be,feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。I'minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感爱好。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他好像对自己的工作不满足。2．英语中有一些短语常以被动形式呈现，但表示主动意义。Sheisusuallydressedinwhite.她通常穿白色衣服。Theboywasseatedbythewindow.小男孩坐在窗户旁。3．“get＋过去分词”也表被动。Wegotseparatedwhenweenteredthehall.我们进入大厅时被挤散了。4．某些状况用主动语态来表示被动含义。(1)read,write,act,iron,burn,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。Thedoordoesn'topeneasily.门不简洁打开。Bikesofthatkindsellwell.那种自行车好卖。(2)某些表示“发生”的动词(短语)，如happen,takeplace，occur，breakout，burstout等没有被动语态，但其意义中包含被动概念。Thewarbrokeoutin1937.斗争爆发于1937年。Heavyrainsoccurredduringasummermonsoon.暴雨出现在一个夏季季风期。5．不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只适合于这把锁。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathasalreadybeenheard.你的故事与听说的相符合。二、不定式的被动形式动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态特征。当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。(一)不定式的被动形式的构成形式结构意义一般式tobedone和谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后发生完成式tohavebeendone发生在谓语动词之前(二)用法1．作主语It'sapitytobekeptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.在这样的好天气里被关在家里真是缺憾。2．作宾语Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那男孩要求再给他一次尝试的机会。3．作表语Herdreamistobesenttostudyabroad.她的幻想是被派往国外留学。4．作宾语补足语或主语补足语Thecaptainorderedtheflagtoberaised.船长嘱咐升旗。ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.据说这本书已被译成了法语。5．作定语Therewereplanstobemadeatonce.要立即制订支配。Hewasthelastonetobeaskedtospeakatthemeeting.他是最终一个被邀请在会上发言的人。6．作状语Hismotherleftthesmallvillage，nevertobeseenagain.他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没有人见过她。Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我们急匆忙赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。(三)不定式的主动表被动用法1．动词不定式在名词后面作定语时，不定式和名词之间有逻辑动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑主谓关系，这时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Hehasafamilytosupport.(tosupport与family之间是逻辑动宾关系，与he之间是逻辑主谓关系。)他要维持一个家庭。2．在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.那个问题不简洁回答。微点拨若句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式要用被动式。I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted？(不定式的被动语态作定语，you不是post动作的执行者。)我要去邮局，你有信要寄吗？3.在therebe...句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。Thereisnotimetolose/tobelost.没有可以失去的时间了。(用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losetime不明确。)Ⅰ.短语填空passon,creditto,stickto,loseweight,assoonaspossible,inorderto,cooperatewith,atall,putallone'seffortsinto1.Heweighedupallthefactors,andhe________________hisdecisionfinally.2．Thiscircumstancewasn'tdifficult________________forhimtodealwith.3．Facedwithdifficulty,youshouldmakeupyourmind________________.4．Roseisawayto________________affection.5．________________achievethegoal,youshouldtakeactionatonce.6．Youshould________________thedetectivetofindoutthetruth.7．Aftersupper,herefusedtoeatanyrefreshmentsto________________．8．Theadmissiontothefamousuniversity________________hisdiligence.9．She________________learningnewteachingmethodtobeaqualifiedteacher.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Theyaregoingto________(send)toworkinTibetfortwoyears.2．—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou________(offer)thisjob?—Well,I'mthinkingaboutthesalary.3．Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasbeingdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic________(change)．4．Muchprogress________(make)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople'shardwork.5．Nowadays,morenewtechnologies________(apply)inthefieldofIT.6．Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar________(repair)atthegarage.7．Theflowersweresolovelythatthey________(sell)outinnotime.8．Georgereturnedafterthewar,only________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.9．We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.10．Takeyourtime!Thereisalotoftimeforyoutoget________(dress)．Ⅲ.把下列句子变为被动语态1．Peopleuseagreatdealofwaterinthiscity.→Agreatdealofwater________(bypeople)inthiscity.2．CanIanswerthisquestioninsimpleEnglish?→________thisquestion________