2022年北京市房山区高一下学期期末考试英语试题

2022北京房山高一（下）期末英语本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Havingworkedat7-Elevenfortwoyears,IthoughtIhadbecomesuccessfulat“customerrelations”.Ifirmlybelievedthata____1____smileandanautomatic“sir”“madam”and“thankyou”wouldseemethroughanysituationthatImightmeet.Butonenightanoldwoman____2____myfaiththatareadybutnotsincereresponsecouldsmoothovertheroughspotsofdealingwithothers.Themomentsheentered,thewomanpresentedasharpcontrasttoourshinystorewithitsbrightlightingandneatlyarrangedshelves.Walkingasifeachstepwere____3____,sheslowlypushedopentheglassdoorandlamelymadeherwaydownthenearestaisle（通道）.Onsuchacoldnight,shewasonly____4____adress,athinsweatertoosmalltobutton,andtherewerenostockingorsocksonherlegs.Afterwanderingaroundthestoreforseveralminutes,theoldwomanstoppedinfrontoftherowsofcannedvegetables.Shepickedupsomecornniblets（玉米粒）andstaredatthelabel.AsIstoodclosetoher,my____5____becamehardertomaintain—hersweaterwassmellyanddirty.Tomybright“CanIhelpyou?”shereplied,“Ineedsomefood,anykind.”“Well,thecornisninety-fivecents,”Isaidinmymosthelpfulvoice,“Or,ifyoulike,wehaveaspecialonsausagetoday.”“Ican’tpay,”shesaid.Forasecond,Iintendedtosay,“Takethecorn.”Butsuddenlytheemployee’s____6____floodedintomymind:“Remainpolitebutletthecustomersknowthatyouareincontrol.”Foramoment,Ievenheldtheideathatthiswomanwassomeonefromtheheadoffice,____7____myloyalty.SoIresponded____8____,“I’msorry,madam,butIcan’tgiveawayanythingforfree.”Theoldwomanlooked____9____,andherhandstrembledassheputthecanbackontheshelf.Shepassedmetowardthedoor,herwornanddirtyclothinghardlycoveringherbentback.Momentsaftersheleft,Irushedoutthedoorwiththecanofcorn,butshewasnowhereinsight.Fortherestoftheday,Icouldn’tdriveher_____10_____offmymind.Ihadbeenyoung,healthy.Shehadbeenold,sickanddesperate.WishingthatIhadactedlikeahumanbeingratherarobot,Iwassadtorealisehowfragileaholdwehaveonourbetterinstincts（本性）.1.A.hidden B.friendly C.weak D.forced2.A.shook B.proved C.supported D.doubted3.A.cheerful B.forceful C.painful D.graceful4.A.buying B.carrying C.holding D.wearing5.A.smile B.gesture C.patience D.attention6.A.goals B.rules C.trainings D.responsibilities7.A.praising B.testing C.rewarding D.criticising8.A.curiously B.silently C.dutifully D.unconsciously9.A.scared B.satisfied C.excited D.disappointed10.A.behavior B.smell C.expression D.image【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.B7.B8.C9.D10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者工作时，一位老妇人进来店里想要食物，但作者却以为她是公司的上层领导假扮成顾客来考验我的，将她打发走后，作者感到很悲伤。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我坚信，友好的微笑和机械的问候“先生”，“女士”和“谢谢你”，都会让我度过任何可能遇到的情况。A.hidden隐藏的；B.friendly友好的；C.weak虚弱的；D.forced被迫的。根据下文“automatic”可知，此处指友好的微笑和机械的问候。故选B项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是有一天晚上，一位老妇人动摇了我的信念，一个准备好的但不是真诚的回应可以克服与他人打交道的坎坷。A.shook摇晃；B.proved证明；C.supported支持；D.doubted怀疑。根据表示转折关系的连词But可知，前后语意相反，此处表示动摇信念。故选A项。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她走路好像每一步都很痛苦，慢慢地推开玻璃门，跛行着走下最近的通道。A.cheerful振奋人心的；B.forceful有力量的；C.painful痛苦的；D.graceful优雅的。根据下文“sheslowlypushedopentheglassdoorandlamelymadeherwaydownthenearestaisle（通道）”可知，这位老妇人应是比较“痛苦的”。故选C项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在如此寒冷的夜晚，她只穿着一件衣服，一件薄薄的毛衣太小以至于纽扣都扣不上，也没有穿丝袜或者袜子。A.buying购买；B.carrying携带；C.holding拿，持有；D.wearing穿。根据常识以及“adress”可知，是穿着衣服。故选D项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我站在她身边时，我的笑容变得难以维持——她的毛衣又臭又脏。A.smile笑容；B.gesture手势；C.patience耐心；D.attention注意力。根据下文“hersweaterwassmellyanddirty.”可知，作者对于这位老妇人应是不喜欢的，笑容逐渐消失。故选A项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但突然间，员工守则涌入我的脑海：“保持礼貌，但要让客户知道你在掌控一切。”A.goals目标；B.rules规则；C.trainings训练；D.responsibilities责任。结合“Remainpolitebutletthecustomersknowthatyouareincontrol”可知，作者脑海中应浮现的是员工守则的要求。故选B项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有那么一瞬间，我甚至认为这个女人是总部的人，测试我的忠诚。A.praising表扬；B.testing测试；C.rewarding奖赏；D.criticising批评。根据上文“thiswomanwassomeonefromtheheadoffice”可知，作者认为总部的人应是测试她的忠诚。故选B项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以我尽职地回答了，“对不起，女士，我们不能免费赠送任何东西”。A.curiously好奇地；B.silently安静地；C.dutifully尽职地；D.unconsciously无意识地。结合语意，作者认为这位妇人是总部的人，所以在回答上应是符合要求的并且是表示尽职尽责的态度。故选C项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老妇人看上去是失望的，当她把罐子放回架子上时，她的手颤抖着。A.scared害怕的；B.satisfied满意的；C.excited兴奋的；D.disappointed失望的。根据上文“I’msorry,madam,butIcan’tgiveawayanythingforfree.”可知，这位老妇人应是比较失望的。故选D项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一天的其余时间里，我无法将她的形象从我的脑海中抹去。A.behavior行为，举止；B.smell味道；C.expression表情；D.image图像，形象。根据上文“Momentsaftersheleft,Irushedoutthedoorwiththecanofcorn,butshewasnowhereinsight.”可知，作者脑海中一直浮现着当时的场景。故选D项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Weallknowthat____11____(honest)isanimportantvalueand____12____lyingiswrong,butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselves____13____theknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”;littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.【答案】11.honesty12.that13.with【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了诚实是一种重要的价值观，说谎是不对的。但是没人敢说自己没撒过谎。我们用我们说的是善意的谎言来安慰自己。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，撒谎是错误的，但是谁能诚实地说他们从来没有说过谎呢？分析句子可知，此处是that引导的宾语从句，空处在从句中作主语，is是谓语，因此空处应用名词作主语，且用单数形式，即honesty，抽象名词，不可数。故填honesty。【12题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，撒谎是错误的，但是谁能诚实地说他们从来没有说过谎呢？分析句子可知，此处and连接两个分句作主句谓语动词know的宾语，故空处应填一个连词连接宾语从句，而从句不缺任何成分，且句意完整，应用that引导宾语从句。故填that。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：也许我们会安慰自己，我们所说的大多数谎言都是“善意的谎言”以及我们为了保护别人不受真相影响而讲小谎言。分析句子可知，此处考查comfortsb.withsth.固定短语，意为“用……来安慰某人”，空处应填介词with。故填with。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。BenjaminFranklinonce____14____(carry)outafamousexperimenttoprovethatlightningwasaformofelectricity.Heraised____15____kitewithapieceofstringtiedtoitandametalkey____16____(attach)tothestring.Whenaflashoflightninghitthekite,Franklingotanelectricshockby____17____(touch)thekey.【答案】14.carried15.a16.attached17.touching【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本杰明·富兰克林曾经做过一个著名的实验，证明闪电是电的一种形式。他举起一只风筝，风筝上系着一根绳子，绳子上系着一把金属钥匙。当一道闪电击中风筝时，富兰克林碰了碰钥匙，被电击了。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：本杰明·富兰克林曾经做过一个著名的实验，证明闪电是电的一种形式。根据上文once可知用一般过去时。故填carried。【15题详解】考查冠词。句意：他举起一只风筝，风筝上系着一根绳子，绳子上系着一把金属钥匙。kite为可数名词，此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他举起一只风筝，风筝上系着一根绳子，绳子上系着一把金属钥匙。分析句子结构可知attach在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语ametalkey构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填attached。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当一道闪电击中风筝时，富兰克林碰了碰钥匙，被电击了。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填touching。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheWingedVictoryofSamothrace,alsocalledtheNikeofSamothrace,isamarbleHellenisticsculptureofNike,____18____wascreatedaboutthesecondcenturyBC.Since1884,it____19____(display)intheLouvreandisoneofthemostcelebrated____20____(sculpture)intheworld.【答案】18.which19.hasbeendisplayed20.sculptures【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了萨莫色雷斯的胜利女神是希腊化时期的一座大理石雕塑，从1884年至今一直在卢浮宫展览着。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：萨莫色雷斯的胜利女神，也叫胜利女神像，是希腊化时期的一座大理石雕塑，这座雕塑创作于公元前二世纪。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制定语从句，指代前面的先行词HellenisticsculptureofNike，先行词指物，从句缺少主语，应用which来引导。故填which。【19题详解】考查动词时间和语态。句意：自1884年以来，它一直在卢浮宫展出，是世界上最著名的雕塑之一。分析句子可知，空处前的it是主语，单数形式，故空处应做谓语，display意为“展览”，是及物动词，故空处与主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态结构，结合前文的时间状语Since1884可知，空处应用现在完成时，因此空处应用现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填hasbeendisplayed。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：自1884年以来，它一直在卢浮宫展出，是世界上最著名的雕塑之一。分析句子可知，空处前的celebrated是形容词，意为“著名的”，故空处应用名词形式，空处前的oneof结构，意为“其中之一”，因此空处应用名词复数形式，sculpture为可数名词。故填sculptures。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAfteralongperiodoflockdown,nowitistimetorelax.Headouttofindsurprisingholidaydecorationstowarmyourheartandmakeyourseasonbright.Comeon,lightshowsarewaitingforyou.HolidayLightsontheBoardwalkTakeawalkbytheoceanandexperienceaholidaylightdisplayalongtheLongBeachBoardwalk,duskto11p.m.dailyandweekendsthroughmid-January,fromLongBeachtoParkAvenue.Free,516-432-6000.YoucanalsocheckthestorefrontsalongParkAvenueformoreholidaylights.TownofIslipHolidayLightShowBringthefamilytoseethelightsfromthecomfortandsafetyofpersonalvehiclesasyoudrivethroughthe1/8-milelightdisplayonthegroundsofhistoricBrookwoodHall.DecorationshavebeengivenbyParksRecreationandCulturalAffairsandPublicWorksstaff.Cheap,516-433-6742.From5p.m.to8p.m.Dec.22;BrookwoodHallPark.SuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShowTheSuffolkCounty’sdrive-throughdisplayfeaturestwomilesofholiday-themedlights;opensfrom9a.m.to5p.m.throughDec.30.ClosedDec.24-25.Ticketswillbesoldatthegateandpaymentcanbemadewithcreditcardsonly,nocash,$25;$22onDec.30.MondaythroughFriday:631-543-6622.ChristmasHouseIndoorfamily-friendlywalkthroughholidayexperience,highlightsincludearealsnowroom;3to11p.m.Monday-Thursday;3p.m.to1a.m.Friday;10a.m.to1a.m.Saturday;10a.m.to11p.m.SundaythroughJanuary.Guestsmustwearmasks,maintainsocialdistancingandpurchaseticketswithassignedarrivaltimeinadvanceonline.$30foradults,$25forkidsaged10andyounger,631-591-0455.21.Whichlightshowisthecheapest?A.ChristmasHouse. B.HolidayLightsontheBoardwalk.C.TownofIslipHolidayLightShow. D.SuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShow.22.Visitorscancall________togetmoreinformationaboutSuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShow.A.516-432-6000. B.516-433-6742.C.631-543-6622. D.631-591-0455.23.WhatmustvisitorsdowhenvisitingChristmasHouse?A.Visittherealsnowroom. B.Takethefamilymembers.C.Buyticketswithcreditcards. D.Purchaseticketsaheadoftime.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个灯光展览，说明了时间、联系方式和价格等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，HolidayLightsontheBoardwalk是四个活动中免费的，其它三个活动都需要收费，故HolidayLightsontheBoardwalk最便宜。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据SuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShow部分中“MondaythroughFriday:631-543-6622.(周一至周五：631-543-6622)”可知，游客可以致电631-543-6622获取更多关于萨福克郡节日灯光秀的信息。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一部分中“Guestsmustwearmasks,maintainsocialdistancingandpurchaseticketswithassignedarrivaltimeinadvanceonline.(宾客必须佩戴口罩，保持社交距离，并在网上提前预定到达时间购票)”可知，参观圣诞屋时，游客必须提前购票。故选D。BHOWONEMANMADEADIFFERENCESwissbusinessmanHenryDunant,attheageof31,wasalreadyasuccessfulbusinessman.Atthetime,FrancewasfightingwiththeItalianarmyinawaragainstAustria.However,heneededthehelpofNapoleonⅢforoneofhisbusinessdeals.DunantknewthatNapoleonⅢwouldbewithhisarmyinnorthernItaly,sohetravelledtothecityofSolferinotolookforhim.Dunantarrivedonthenightof24Juneandfoundabattlefieldfilledwith40,000deadandwoundedsoldiers.Dunantwashorrifiedbythesceneandwasfilledwithcompassionforthewoundedmen.Atonce,Dunantbeganattendingtothewoundedmen.Inthedaysthatfollowed,heledlocalpeopleinhelpingtakecareofthewoundedanddying.Theylookedafterthesoldierswithoutregardtocountryoruniform,saying,“Allarebrothers!”WhenDunantreturnedtoSwitzerlandthefollowingmonth,hewroteabookabouthisexperiencecalledAMemoryofSolferino.Withinthebook,hedescribedthebattle,itscosts,andthechaoticcircumstancesafterwards.Healsodevelopedtheideathatinthefuture,aneutralorganizationshouldexisttoprovidecaretowoundedsoldiers.DunantbegantotravelthroughEuropetodistributethebookandpromotehisideas.Hisbookwaslargelypositivelyreceived.ThiseventuallyledtotheformingoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossin1863.ThefirstactoftheRedCrosswastoorganizeaninternationalconference(theGenevaConvention)wherecountriesadoptedguidelinesandmeasuresforprotectingthewoundedandmedicalworkersduringandafterbattles.WhiletheRedCrossismostlytaskedwithhelpingpeopleintimesofwaritalsorespondstonaturaldisastersandgivesaidtopeoplewhohavetoleavetheirhomes.Forexample,theRedCrossprovidedaidandreliefaftertheMay2008WenchuanEarthquakeinSichuan,China.Dunanthimselfgaveupeverythingtosavetheworld.HisbusinessfailedbecausehewastoobusywithhisworkintheRedCross.ThenDunanthadtoleavetheRedCrossbecauseofapersonalconflict.Despitethis,hecontinuedtoworkasavolunteer,helpingproviderelieftopeoplecaughtupinwar.Intheend,helostallhismoney,fellill,andhadtobetakeninbyacharity.Bythistime,theRedCrosshadbecomefamous,buthewasmostlyforgotten.Inthelastyearsofhislife,though,hewasdiscoveredbyanewspaperreporter.Fromthenon,hewascelebratedaroundtheworldasthemanresponsibleforsavingmanythousandsoflives.Thoughheislonggone,hisspiritcontinueswithusuntilthisday.24.WheredoesDunant’sideaofformingtheRedCrosscomefrom?A.Theencouragementofotherdevotedvolunteers.B.HistravelthroughEuropetodistributethebook.C.HisunsuccessfulbusinessdealswithNapoleonⅢ.D.HisexperiencetohelpwoundedsoldiersinSolferino.25.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Dunant’sbusinessfailedbecauseoftheoutbreakofwar.B.DunantfinallylefttheRedCrossandnolongercontinuedtovolunteer.C.InSolferino,thevolunteersattendedtothesoldiersonlyfromAustria.D.DunanttravelledSolferinooriginallytolookforNapoleonⅢforbusinessdeals.26.HowdoestheRedCrossaidpeopleinneedaccordingtotheauthor?A.Organizinginternationalconferences. B.Givingaidtohomelessbankruptpeople.C.Helpingpeopleintimesofnaturaldisasters. D.Providingguidelinesforprotectingsoldiers.27.WhatcanbestdescribeHenryDunant’squality?A.Generousandconfident. B.Responsibleandselfless.C.Easygoingandintelligent. D.Determinedandindependent.【答案】24.D25.D26.C27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了瑞士商人HenryDunant是如何创办红十字会，拯救了成千上万条生命的。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dunantarrivedonthenightof24Juneandfoundabattlefieldfilledwith40,000deadandwoundedsoldiers.Dunantwashorrifiedbythesceneandwasfilledwithcompassionforthewoundedmen.Atonce,Dunantbeganattendingtothewoundedmen.(Dunant于6月24日晚到达，发现一个满是4万名死伤士兵的战场。Dunant被这一幕吓坏了，对受伤的人充满了同情。杜南立刻开始照顾伤员)”以及第三段中“Healsodevelopedtheideathatinthefuture,aneutralorganizationshouldexisttoprovidecaretowoundedsoldiers.(他还提出了一个想法，即在未来应该存在一个中立的组织来为受伤的士兵提供照料)”可知，Dunant组建红十字会的想法来自他在Solferino帮助伤员的经历。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“However,heneededthehelpofNapoleonⅢforoneofhisbusinessdeals.DunantknewthatNapoleonⅢwouldbewithhisarmyinnorthernItaly,sohetravelledtothecityofSolferinotolookforhim.(然而，他需要拿破仑三世帮助他的一笔生意。杜南知道拿破仑三世会和他的军队在意大利北部，所以他前往索费里诺市寻找他)”可推知，Dunant前往索费里诺最初是为了寻找拿破仑三世进行商业交易。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“WhiletheRedCrossismostlytaskedwithhelpingpeopleintimesofwar,italsorespondstonaturaldisastersandgivesaidtopeoplewhohavetoleavetheirhomes.(虽然红十字会的主要任务是在战争时期帮助人们，但它也对自然灾害作出反应，并向那些不得不离开家园的人提供援助)”可知，红十字会在自然灾害期间帮助有需要的人。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dunanthimselfgaveupeverythingtosavetheworld.HisbusinessfailedbecausehewastoobusywithhisworkintheRedCross.ThenDunanthadtoleavetheRedCrossbecauseofapersonalconflict.Despitethis,hecontinuedtoworkasavolunteer,helpingproviderelieftopeoplecaughtupinwar.Intheend,helostallhismoney,fellill,andhadtobetakeninbyacharity.Bythistime,theRedCrosshadbecomefamous,buthewasmostlyforgotten.Inthelastyearsofhislife,though,hewasdiscoveredbyanewspaperreporter.Fromthenon,hewascelebratedaroundtheworldasthemanresponsibleforsavingmanythousandsoflives.Thoughheislonggone,hisspiritcontinueswithusuntilthisday.(Dunant为了拯救世界放弃了一切。他的生意失败了，因为他忙于在红十字会的工作。后来，Dunant因为个人冲突不得不离开红十字会。尽管如此，他仍然作为一名志愿者工作，帮助为陷入战争的人们提供救济。最后，他失去了所有的钱，还病倒了，只得被一家慈善机构收留。这时，红十字会已经出名了，但他却几乎被人遗忘了。然而，在他生命的最后几年，他被一家报纸的记者发现了。从那时起，他被全世界誉为拯救了成千上万条生命的人。虽然他早已不在人世，但他的精神仍与我们同在，直到今天)”可推知，HenryDunant负责任且无私。故选B。CTwentyyearsago,crisesliketheCalifornia’swildfiresandHurricaneLaurathatoccurredlastyearcouldhavebeendescribedas“naturaldisasters”.Thanksto

climatechange,thisisnolongerthecase.Aroundmid-Augustlastyear,thetemperatureinDeathValleyoncereachedthehighesteverrecordedonEarth.Ahotter,drierCaliforniaismuchmorelikelytoburstintoflames.TheGulfofMexicotooisheatingup.Hurricanesdrawtheirenergyfromthewarmthofthesurfacewatersandsoarebecoming

strongerandmorelikelytoincrease.Perhapsweshouldcalltheseeventsinanewterm,“man-madenaturaldisasters”.Peoplenowplaysuchanimportantroleontheplanet.Bycuttingdownforestsanddiggingminesandbuildingcities,we’vechangedhalfoftheice-freelandonEarth.Withouradvancedtools,wemovearoundmoreearththanalltheworld’sriversandstreams.Asaresult,allsortsofdisastersextendacrossthelinebetweenmanandnature.Manyearthquakes,forexample,arenow

causedbyhumanactivity.Meanwhile,astheclimatecontinuestowarm,wildfireswillgrowevenlargerandstormsmoredamaging.What’stobedone?Accordingtosomescientists,thebestwaytodealwithhumaninterventioninthenaturalworldistointervenebetter.Oldtechnologiesgotusintothissituation;newoneswillgetusout.Supportersofthisviewnotethestrikingadvancesthatarebeingmadeallthetime,infieldsrangingfromcomputingtomaterialscience.Topreventclimatechange,engineershavebuiltmachinesthattakeCO2outoftheair.Todaythenumbersarelimited,butperhapsonedaythey’llbeascommonastelephones.Asforme,Ithinkthatthechoicewefaceisnotwhethertochangetheworld;thatdecisionunfortunatelyhasbeenmade.Thedecisiongoingforwardis

how

arewegoingtochangeit.OvertheyearsI’veinterviewedscoresofscientists,inventors,andindustrialists,andI’mcontinuallyimpressedbyhowcleverhumansareasaspecies.Butthenthewindblowsinsmokefrom3,000milesaway,andI’mremindedofhowdangerousweareaswell.28.Whatdoesthefirsttwoparagraphswanttotellus?A.Naturaldisastershavebecomemuchmoresevere.B.Peoplehavechangedtheearthwithadvancedtools.C.Naturaldisastersnowarecausedbyhumanactivity.D.Peoplenowplaysuchanimportantroleontheplanet.29.WhydoestheauthormentionmachinesthattakeCO2outoftheair?A.Toprovethatgreenhouseeffectproblemsaresolvable.B.Toexplainthatwecanintervenebetterinthenaturalworld.C.Toshowthattechnologicaladvancesarestrikingallthetime.D.Toindicatethatnewtechnologieswillbeverycommononeday.30.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theauthorwouldagreethat________.A.weshouldnotchangetheworldanymoreB.weshouldfeelproudofhumans’intelligenceC.weshouldreconsiderthewaywechangetheworldD.peopleshouldbeawareofthepotentialthreatfromhumanactivity【答案】28.C29.B30.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今自然灾害是由人类活动造成的，根据一些科学家的说法，应对人类对自然世界的干预的最好方法是更好地干预。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Perhapsweshouldcalltheseeventsinanewterm,“man-madenaturaldisasters”.(也许我们应该用一个新术语来称呼这些事件——“人为的自然灾害”)”以及第二段中“Asaresult,allsortsofdisastersextendacrossthelinebetweenmanandnature.Manyearthquakes,forexample,arenowcausedbyhumanactivity.Meanwhile,astheclimatecontinuestowarm,wildfireswillgrowevenlargerandstormsmoredamaging.(因此，各种灾难跨越了人与自然之间的界限。例如，许多地震现在都是由人类活动引起的。与此同时，随着气候持续变暖，野火将变得更大，风暴将更具破坏性)”可知，前两段想告诉我们如今自然灾害是由人类活动造成的。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Accordingtosomescientists,thebestwaytodealwithhumaninterventioninthenaturalworldistointervenebetter.(根据一些科学家的说法，应对人类对自然世界的干预的最好方法是更好地干预)”以及“Topreventclimatechange,engineershavebuiltmachinesthattakeCO2outoftheair.(为了防止气候变化，工程师们建造了能够从空气中吸收二氧化碳的机器)”可推知，作者提到从空气中吸收二氧化碳的机器是为了解释我们可以更好地干预自然世界。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Asforme,Ithinkthatthechoicewefaceisnotwhethertochangetheworld;thatdecisionunfortunatelyhasbeenmade.Thedecisiongoingforwardishowarewegoingtochangeit.OvertheyearsI’veinterviewedscoresofscientists,inventors,andindustrialists,andI’mcontinuallyimpressedbyhowcleverhumansareasaspecies.Butthenthewindblowsinsmokefrom3,000milesaway,andI’mremindedofhowdangerousweareaswell.(就我而言，我认为我们面临的选择不是是否改变世界；不幸的是，这个决定已经做出。未来的决定是我们将如何改变它。多年来，我采访了许多科学家、发明家和实业家，人类作为一个物种是多么聪明，这一直给我留下深刻印象。但后来风从3000英里外吹来了烟雾，我意识到我们也很危险)”可推知，根据最后一段，作者同意人们应该意识到来自人类活动的潜在威胁。故选D。DMoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthatIQiswhatdetermineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshaveahigherIQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.WhileyourIQtellsyouhowintelligentyouare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSalovey,whoinventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription.Atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouhired,butitisEQthatgetsyoupromoted.Supportedbyhisacademicresearch,ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.ProfessorSaloveymaybecorrect.Forexample,haveyoueverwonderedwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?PerhapstheirfailureisbecauseoftheirlowEQ.PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.Thisassociationcanexist,butitisaspossibleforsomeonewithalowIQtohaveahighEQorsomeonewithahighIQtohavealowEQ.ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithhighEQsareopentonewideasandhavepositiveattitudestowardslife.Theyarealsolesslikelytobetroubledbyproblems.Ontheotherhand,thereislittledoubtthatpeoplewithlowEQsoftenhaveproblemsgettingonwithotherpeopleanddealingwithdifficultsituations;thus,theyhaveahardertimesurvivinginlife.Peoplegenerallybelievethataperson’sIQisdeterminedbybirth.However,mostsocialscientistsagreethatEQhasalottodowitheducation.Somearetryingtostudythepossibilitytoimprovingaperson’sEQ,especiallyintermsof“peopleskills”,suchasunderstandingandcommunication.ProfessorMayer,recentlyannouncedtheresultsofastudyonseniorhighschoolstudents.Whennormalstudentswereintroducedtostudentswithdisabilities,theyfoundthat,afterwards,thenormalstudentsweremorewillingtohelppeoplewithdifficulties.Theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthedisabledstudents’feelingcomparedtostudentswhohadnotbeeninvolvedinthestudy.Therewasalsoanobviouschangeinthedisabledstudents’attitudes.Theybecamemorepositiveaboutlifeandmorewillingtotrynewthings.TheresultsofstudiessuchastheseshowthatEQisasimportant,ifnotmoreimportantthanIQ.Togetaheadintheworldandleadahappysuccessfullifemeansgettingonwithotherpeopleandbeingabletounderstandandreacttosituationsinthebestwaypossible.ThisrequiresahighEQ—thehigherthebetter.AndthefactthatitmightbepossibletoraiseEQsmeansthatschoolsneedtomakesurethattheirstudentsarereceivingtheeducationtheyreallyneedandknowthattheirfuturesarenotentirelydeterminedbytheirIQs.31.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphwanttoconvey?A.OnlyahighIQcan’tresultinsuccess.B.MoststudentsneverseetheirIQtestresults.C.Studentscan’tchangetheirIQswitheducation.D.IQdetermineshowwellstudentsaregoingtodoinlife.32.WhydosomesmartstudentsendupfailingexamsaccordingtoProf.Salovey?A.BecausetheyprobablyhavealowerIQ. B.BecausetheyprobablyhavealowerEQ.C.Becausetheyareoftenmistakeninthinking. D.Becausetheyarelikelytobetroubledbyproblems.33.Accordingtothetext,whichstatementistrue?A.People’scharactermightnotmattermorethantheirIQ.B.“Peopleskills”areoflittleimportanceonone’sroadtosuccess.C.PeoplewithhighEQsusuallyhavenegativeattitudetowardslife.D.Schoolsshouldreconsideriftheirstudentsarereceivingtheeducationtheyneed.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.IQisimportantforus.C.SuccesscomeswithahighEQ. D.Successowestowisdom.【答案】31.A32.B33.D34.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了只有高智商不能导致成功，列举了情商和成功的相关研究，指出情商和智商同样重要，情商高更有可能成功。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“MoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthatIQiswhatdetermineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshaveahigherIQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.(大多数学生在他们的学校生涯早期都会做智商测试。即使他们从未看到自己的成绩，他们也会觉得智商决定了他们在生活中会做得有多好。当他们看到其他学生做得比他们好，他们通常认为这些学生有更高的智商，他们不能做什么来改变事实。然而，新的情商研究表明，成功不仅仅是高智商的结果)”可知，第一段想表达只有高智商不能导致成功。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ProfessorSaloveymaybecorrect.Forexample,haveyoueverwonderedwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?PerhapstheirfailureisbecauseoftheirlowEQ.PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.(萨洛维教授可能是对的。例如，你是否曾想过，为什么班里一些最聪明的学生，那些你认为应该取得好成绩的学生，有时却考试不及格？也许他们的失败是因为他们的低情商。人们经常错误地认为那些高智商的人也总是高情商)”可知，萨洛维教授认为，一些聪明的学生最后考试不及格是因为他们可能情商较低。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“AndthefactthatitmightbepossibletoraiseEQsmeansthatschoolsneedtomakesurethattheirstudentsarereceivingtheeducationtheyreallyneedandknowthattheirfuturesarenotentirelydeterminedbytheirIQs.(事实上，提高智商是有可能的，这意味着学校需要确保他们的学生得到了他们真正需要的教育，并且知道他们的未来并不完全由他们的智商决定)”可知，D选项“学校应该重新考虑他们的学生是否接受了他们需要的教育”正确。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“TheresultsofstudiessuchastheseshowthatEQisasimportant,ifnotmoreimportantthanIQ.Togetaheadintheworldandleadahappysuccessfullifemeansgettingonwithotherpeopleandbeingabletounderstandandreacttosituationsinthebestwaypossible.ThisrequiresahighEQ—thehigherthebetter.(诸如此类的研究结果表明，情商即使不比智商更重要，也同样重要。要想在这个世界上出人头地，过上幸福成功的生活，就意味着与他人相处融洽，能够以最好的方式理解和应对各种情况。这需要高情商——越高越好)”结合文章主要说明了只有高智商不能导致成功，列举了情商和成