《工程管理专业英语》 课件 Unit 3 Cost Management、Unit 4 Construction Planning

工程管理专业英语EnglishforProjectManagement讲授人：Unit3CostManagementPART03目录CONTENTSDialogueSectionAWhatisCostManagement?SectionBLead-inUnit3CostManagementLead-inIdentifythepicturesbelow.Matchthemwiththewordsinthebox.ordercostmanagementbudgetSectionADialogue1LiYun,representativeofChinaStarConstructionCompanyLimited,isgoingtonegotiateonthepriceofanorder.L=LiYunJ=JohnsonUnit3CostManagementSectionADialogue1J:Goodmorning,LiYun.I'mJohnson,fromFutureInternationalBuildingMaterial

Company.Haveyoudecidedtoplaceanorder?L:Notyet.Yourpriceisstillbeyondourbudget.J:I’mafraidIcan’tlowerthepriceanymore,orwewillmakenoprofit.L:Isitpossiblethatyougiveusanotherdiscountof10percent?Unit3CostManagementSectionADialogue1J:Youknow,it’sreallythelowestpricethatwecanoffer.Anotherdiscountwillgobeyondourcostlimits.L:Isee.Whatifweplaceseverallargeordersinthefollowingeightmonths?J:

Iamsorrythatwestillcan’tmeetyourneedsinthatcase.L:Comeon.It’sawin-windeal,isn’tit?You’dbetterthinkitover.J:Thankyouforyoursuggestion.Iwillansweryoulater.L:OK.Bye.Unit3CostManagementSectionANewWordsdecide[dɪˈsaɪd]v.tothinkcarefullyaboutthedifferentpossibilitiesthatareavailableandchooseoneofthem决定order[ˈɔːdə(r)]n.arequesttomakeorsupplygoods订货；订购；订单lower[ˈləʊə(r)]vt.toreducesomethingortobecomelessinvalue,quality,etc.减少；缩小；降低Dialogue1Unit3CostManagementSectionANewWordsdiscount[ˈdɪskaʊnt]n.anamountofmoneythatistakenofftheusualcostofsomething折扣win-win[wɪnˈwɪn]adj.thereisagoodresultforeachpersonorgroupinvolved对各方都有益的；双赢的suggestion[səˈdʒestʃən]n.anideaoraplanthatyoumentionforsomebodyelsetothinkabout建议；提议Dialogue1Unit3CostManagementSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsbeyondbudget超预算makenoprofit没有利润costlimit成本限制meetneeds满足需求Unit3CostManagementSectionADialogue2LiYun,representativeofChinaStarConstructionCompanyLimited,isgoingtosignthecontractwithJohnson.L=LiYunJ=JohnsonUnit3CostManagementSectionADialogue2L:Goodmorning,Mr.Johnson.J:Goodmorning,Mr.Li.L:Howmuchwillourorderfromyourfactory？J:I’llbehappytogetbacktoyouwithanestimateinthenextfewdays. L:I’mafraidIcan’twaitthatlong.Canyourofficeprovidemewithaballparkfigure

atleast?J:Well,Iwouldneedanideaofhowlargeyourorderwouldbe.Abouthowmanyunitswouldyouneed?Unit3CostManagementSectionADialogue2L:Justgivemeanestimatedfigureforanorderof100units.J:Pleasegivemeafewminutestocalculate.Ouraskingpricewouldbeabout$100perunitwithanorderof100.Isthatpriceacceptabletoyou?L:Yourestimateseemsalittlehightome.We’rewillingtopay$80perunit.Unit3CostManagementSectionADialogue2J:Withanorderofonly100units,it’llbedifficulttoworkwithinthatkindofbudget.Maybeifyoucanorder500ormoreunits,wemightbeabletoworksomethingout.L:Ok,we’llorder500units.Let’ssighthecontact.J:Fine.Unit3CostManagementSectionANewWordsestimate[ˈestɪmət]n.astatementofhowmuchapieceofworkwillprobablycost评估provide[prəˈvaɪd]vt.togivesomethingtosomebodyormakeitavailableforthemtouse提供unit[ˈjuːnɪt]adj.asingleitemofthetypeofproductthatacompanysells一件（商品）Dialogue2Unit3CostManagementSectionANewWordscalculate[ˈkælkjuleɪt]vt.tousenumberstofindoutatotalnumber,amount,distance,etc.计算；核算acceptable[əkˈseptəb(ə)l]adj.agreedorapprovedofbymostpeopleinasociety（社会上）认同的，认可的Dialogue2Unit3CostManagementSectionANewWordswilling[ˈwɪlɪŋ]adj.readyorpleasedtohelpandnotneedingtobepersuaded;doneorgiveninanenthusiasticway自愿的；乐于相助的；积极肯干的budget[bʌdʒɪt]n.themoneythatisavailabletoapersonoranorganizationandaplanofhowitwillbespentoveraperiodoftime预算Dialogue2Unit3CostManagementSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsaballparkfigure达成协议work

out成功signthecontract签署合同Dialogue2Unit3CostManagementSectionAExercise1Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothedialogues.1.Mr.Johnson’saskingpriceinDialogue1isnotbeyondMr.Li’sbudget.2.Mr.JohnsongivesMr.Lianotherdiscountof10percent.3.InDialogue1,Mr.JohnsonmeetsMr.Li’sneedsandtheymakeadeal.4.InDialogue2,Mr.Lidecidestoorder500unitsintheend.5.Mr.JohnsoninDialogue2signsthecontactwithMr.Li.Unit3CostManagementSectionAExercise2Oralpractice:Pairwork.Usethequestionsbelowtointerviewyourpartner.Thenchangeroles.1.Whataretheadvantagesofyourcompany’s

products?

。2.Whydidyouchoosetoworkwithmycompany?

。

Unit3CostManagementSectionAExercise23.Wouldyoupleaseletmeknowsomethingmoreaboutyourcompany’scostmanagementforthisproject?

。

4.Arethereanyspecialrequirementsontheproject?

。5.Canyouguaranteedeliveryintime?

。Unit3CostManagementSectionAExercise3PracticalActivity:Workwithyourpartnerandmakeaconversation.SupposeyouareanemployeeofChinaStarConstructionCompanyLimited,andyourcompanywillorderalargenumberofcomputersfromanothercompany.Asarepresentativeofyourcompany,youaregoingtoaskthecompanytodescribeitscostmanagementindetail.Theresultofthediscussionwillbeshowntothewholeclass.Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?Costmanagementistheprocessbywhichcompaniescontrolandplanthecostsofdoingbusiness.Individualprojectsshouldhavecustomizedplansforthisprocess,andcompaniesasawholealsointegratecostmanagementintotheiroverall

businessmodel.Thereisnosingleaccepteddefinitionforthisterm,becauseithassuchbroadapplicationsandpossiblestrategies.Whenproperlyimplemented,thisprocesswilltranslateintoreducedcostsofproductionforproductsandservices,aswellasincreasedvaluebeingdeliveredtothecustomer.Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?Foracompany’smanagementtobeeffectiveoverall,costmanagementmustbeanintegralfeatureofit.Itiseasiesttounderstandthisconceptifitisexplainedinthecontextofasingleproject.Forinstance,beforeaprojectisstarted,theanticipatedcostsshouldbeidentifiedandmeasured.Theseexpensesshouldthenbeapprovedbeforeanypurchasingoccurs.Duringtheprocessofcompletingaproject,allincurredcostsshouldbenotedandkeptinarecordofsomekind,tohelpensurethatthecostsarecontrolledandkeptinlinewithinitialexpectations,totheextentthatthisispossible.Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?Takingthisapproachtocostmanagementwillhelpacompanydeterminewhethertheyaccuratelyestimatedexpensesatfirst,andwillhelpthemmorecloselypredictexpensesinthefuture.Anyoverspendingcanalsobemonitoredinthisway,andeithereliminatedinfutureprojectsorspecificallyapprovediftheexpensewasnecessary.Costmanagementcannotbeusedinisolation;projectsmustbeorganizedandtailoredwiththisstrategyinmind.Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?Startingaprojectwithcostmanagementinmindwillhelptoavoidcertainpitfallsthatmaybepresentotherwise.Iftheobjectivesoftheprojectarenotclearlydefinedatfirst,orarechangedduringthecourseoftheproject,costover-runswillbemorelikely.Ifcostsarenotfullyresearchedbeforetheproject,theymaybeunderestimated,therebyinflatingtheexpectationoftheproject’ssuccessunrealistically.Constructionprojectsaresubjecttotheirownparticularchallenges;thesecanincludeconstraintsintheformoflawsandregulationsthatmustbeplannedaround.Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?Iftheprojectiscompletelyandclearlydefined,thiswillfacilitateeffectivemanagementofthecostsitwillincur.Effectivecostmanagementstrategieswillhelpateamdeliverafinishedprojectwithintheallocated

budget,whilealsomakingitasvaluableaspossibletothecompany.Thereisalwaysthepossibilityofunexpectedcosts,butpreparationintheformofcostmanagementwilllikelymakethemmucheasiertodealwithwhentheyoccur.Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?（1）Identifyeachofthecostswithinyourproject（2）Ensurethatexpensesareapprovedbeforepurchasing（3）Keepacentralrecordofallcostsincurred（4）ControltheoverallcostofyourprojectCostmanagementwillhelpyouto:Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?（1）Determinewhetheryourexpensesareadequatelybudgeted（2）Monitorandcontrolinstancesofover-spending（3）Gainspecialapprovalsforextra-ordinaryexpenses（4）Scheduleexpensepaymentsandinvoiceapprovals（5）Keepyourprojectandfinancialplansup-to-dateCostmanagementwillalsoenableyouto:Unit3CostManagementSectionB

WhatisCostManagement?Todeliveryourprojectunderbudget,itisessentialthatyouimplementcostmanagement.Thiswillhelpyouidentify,monitorandcontrolcosts,ateachphaseintheproject.Unit3CostManagementSectionBNewWordsindividual[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]adj.consideredseparatelyratherthanaspartofagroup单独的；个别的customize[ˈkʌstəmaɪz]vt.tomakeorchangesthtosuittheneedsoftheowner订制；订做；改制（以满足顾主的需要）integrate[ˈɪntɪɡreɪt]vt.tocombinetwoormorethingssothattheyworktogether;tocombinewithsomethingelseinthisway（使）合并；成为一体accepted[əkˈseptɪd]adj.generallyapprovedorused公认的Unit3CostManagementSectionBNewWordsimplement[ˈɪmplɪment]vt.tomakesomethingthathasbeenofficiallydecidedstarttohappenorbeused使生效；贯彻；执行；实施production[prəˈdʌkʃn]n.theprocessofgrowingormakingfood,goodsormaterials,especiallylargequantities生产；制造；制作effective[ɪˈfektɪv]adj.producingtheresultthatiswantedorintended;producingasuccessfulresult有效的Unit3CostManagementSectionBNewWordsensure[ɪnˈʃʊə(r)]vt.tomakesurethatsthhappensorisdefinite保证；担保；确保determine[dɪˈtɜːmɪn]vt.todecidedefinitelytodosth决定，决心（做某事）accurately[ækjərətli]adv.strictlycorrectly正确地，准确地predict[prɪˈdɪkt]vt.tosaythatsthwillhappeninthefuture预言；预告；预报Unit3CostManagementSectionBNewWordspitfall[ˈpɪtfɔːl]n.adangerordifficulty,especiallyonethatishiddenornotobviousatfirst危险；困难；（尤指）陷阱，隐患objective[əbˈdʒektɪv]n.somethingthatyouaretryingtoachieve目标；目的underestimate[ʌndərˈestɪmeɪt]vt.tothinkorguessthattheamount,costorsizeofsthissmallerthanitreallyis低估；对…估计不足unrealistically[ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪkli]adv.inanunrealisticmanner不切实际地；不现实地Unit3CostManagementSectionBNewWordsconstraint[kənˈstreɪnt]n.athingthatlimitsorrestrictssth限制；限定；约束facilitate[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]vt.(formal)tomakeanactionoraprocesspossibleoreasier促进；促使；使便利valuable[ˈvæljuəbl]adj.worthalotofmoney很值钱的；贵重的Unit3CostManagementSectionBPhrasesandExpressionscostmanagement成本管理dobusiness经商businessmodel商业模式anticipatedcosts预期成本Unit3CostManagementSectionBPhrasesandExpressionsinlinewith符合；与…一致totheextentthat在这样的范围内inisolation孤立地inmind记住Unit3CostManagementSectionBPhrasesandExpressionsatfirst首先dealwith处理Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise11.Whatiscostmanagement?A.Companiesasawholealsointegratecostmanagementintotheiroverall

businessmodel.B.Thereisnosingleaccepteddefinitionforthisterm.C.Identifyeachofthecostswithinprojects.D.Aprocessbywhichcompaniescontrolandplanthecostsofdoingbusiness.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcostmanagementisNOTtrue?A.Ithelpscompaniesmorecloselypredictexpenses.B.Itisnotusefulinanycase.C.Ithelpscompaniestoavoidcertainpitfalls.D.Ithelpsmonitorandcontrolinstancesofover-spending.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise13.Accordingtoyourunderstandingofthepassage,whichoneistrue?A.Thiswillhelpcompaniesidentify,monitorandcontrolcosts,ateachphaseintheproject.B.Costmanagementcanbeusedinisolation.C.Theseexpensesshouldbeapprovedafteranypurchasingoccurs.D.Costmanagementwillnothelpacompanydeterminewhethertheyaccuratelyestimatedexpensesatfirst.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise14.CostmanagementincludesthefollowingadvantagesEXCEPT?A.EnsurethatexpensesareapprovedbeforepurchasingB.ControltheoverallcostofyourprojectC.HelpthecompanymaximizeprofitsD.KeepabetterrelationwithothercompaniesChoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise15.Whatdoes“eliminate”meaninthethirdparagraph?A.Exclude

B.Decline

C.Frighten

D.InferChoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise2Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.individualintegratebudgeteffectiveensureaccuratelyunderestimatevaluableinlinewithinisolationUnit3CostManagementSectionBExercise21.1.Oneoftheoldestcompetitorswonthe

silvermedal.2.2.Thestrategyisto

thedevelopmentofthesecitiesforabettereconomicstructure.3.Wetriedto

thateveryonegotafairdeal.4.Psychologicalresearchshowsweconsistently

ourmentalpowers.5.It’samistaketotrytoconsiderfinance.Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise26.Goodcustomerrelationsrequirecourtesy,professionalismand

response.7.Wehaveaverytight

.8.Wealsoneedtoknowwhetherourthoughts,beliefsandideasare

thoseofotherpeople.9.Studentscangain

experiencebyworkingonthecampusradioormagazine.10.Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemore

.Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.1.Costmanagementistheprocessbywhichcompaniescontrolandplanthecostsofdoingbusiness.Individualprojectsshouldhavecustomizedplansforthisprocess,andcompaniesasawholealsointegratecostmanagementintotheiroverallbusinessmodel.

，

。

Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.2.Foracompany’smanagementtobeeffectiveoverall,costmanagementmustbeanintegralfeatureofit.Itiseasiesttounderstandthisconceptifitisexplainedinthecontextofasingleproject.

，

。

Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.3.Anyoverspendingcanalsobemonitoredinthisway,andeithereliminatedinfutureprojectsorspecificallyapprovediftheexpensewasnecessary.Costmanagementcannotbeusedinisolation;projectsmustbeorganizedandtailoredwiththisstrategyinmind.

，

。

Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.4.Startingaprojectwithcostmanagementinmindwillhelptoavoidcertainpitfallsthatmaybepresentotherwise.Iftheobjectivesoftheprojectarenotclearlydefinedatfirst,orarechangedduringthecourseoftheproject,costover-runswillbemorelikely.

，

。

Unit3CostManagementSectionBExercise3TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.5.Iftheprojectiscompletelyandclearlydefined,thiswillfacilitateeffectivemanagementofthecostsitwillincur.Effectivecostmanagementstrategieswillhelpateamdeliverafinishedprojectwithintheallocatedbudget,whilealsomakingitasvaluableaspossibletothecompany.

，

。

Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？成本管理是公司控制和计划经营成本的过程。个别项目应该有针对这个过程的定制计划，公司作为一个整体也将成本管理集成到他们的整体商业模式中。这个术语没有一个公认的定义，因为它有如此广泛的应用和可能的策略。如果实施得当，这一过程将转化为降低产品和服务的生产成本，以及增加交付给客户的价值。Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？一个公司要想全面有效地进行管理，成本管理必须是它的一个有机组成部分。如果在单个项目的上下文中解释这个概念，那么它是最容易理解的。例如，在项目开始之前，应该确定并衡量预期成本。这些费用应在任何采购发生之前得到批准。在完成一个项目的过程中，所有发生的成本都应该记录下来，并以某种形式保存下来，以确保成本得到控制，并在可能的范围内与最初的预期保持一致。Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？采用这种方法进行成本管理，可以帮助企业在一开始就确定是否准确地估计了费用，也可以帮助企业更准确地预测未来的费用。任何超支也可以用这种方式监控，或者在未来的项目中消除，或者在必要时特别批准。不能孤立地使用成本管理;项目的组织和调整必须考虑到这一策略。Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？在开始项目时考虑成本管理将有助于避免某些可能出现的陷阱。如果一开始没有明确界定项目的目标，或在项目过程中改变目标，则更容易出现成本超支。如果在项目开始前没有对成本进行充分的研究，它们可能会被低估，从而不切实际地夸大了项目成功的预期。建筑项目本身也面临着特殊的挑战;这可能包括法律和法规形式的约束，必须围绕这些约束进行规划。Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？如果项目是完整和明确的定义，这将有助于有效地管理它将产生的成本。有效的成本管理策略将帮助团队在分配的预算内交付完成的项目，同时也使其对公司尽可能有价值。意外成本的可能性总是存在的，但成本管理形式的准备工作可能会使它们在发生时更容易处理。Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？成本管理将帮助您:(1)确定项目中的每一项成本

(2)采购前确保费用得到批准(3)记录所有发生的成本(4)控制项目的总成本Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？成本管理还将使您:（1）确定你的开支是否得到了充分的预算（2）监控和控制过度支出的情况（3）获得特别费用的特别批准（4）安排费用支付和发票批准（5）及时更新项目和财务计划Unit3CostManagement课文译文什么是成本管理？为了在预算范围内完成项目，实施成本管理是至关重要的。这将帮助您在项目的每个阶段识别、监控和控制成本。Unit3CostManagementReferences[1]

Docin[EB/OL].[2011-1-10]./p-116388855.html[2]

StartCapitalMind[EB/OL].[2022-8-13]./what-is-cost-management.html[3]

Docin[EB/OL].[2019-5-14]./subject/aewrfqqf.html[4]BaiduWenku[EB/OL].[2021-10-19]./cost-management.phpUnit3CostManagement感谢观看Unit3CostManagement工程管理专业英语EnglishforProjectManagement讲授人：Unit4ConstructionPlanningPART04目录CONTENTSDialogueSectionAConstructionPlanningSectionBLead-inUnit4ConstructionPlanningLead-inIdentifythepicturesbelow.Matchthemwiththewordsinthebox.costcontrolschedulecontrolconstructionplanningSectionADialogue1Today,presentatthemeetingareMr.BruceandMr.ShawfromtheOwner;Mr.Zhang,Mr.MaandMr.WangfromtheContractor.B=Mr.BruceS=Mrs.ShawZ=Mr.ZhangM=MissMaUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1B:OK.Gentleman,thepurposeofourmeetingtodayistoreviewanddiscusstheprogressofthisproject.Firstly,Iwouldlikeyoutoexplainwhatyouhaveachievedforthepastmonth,Mr.Zhang.Z:Generallyspeaking,theconstructionactivitieshavebeengoingsmoothly,buttherearecertainproblemsconcerningsomeimportpermits.Forthedetails,MissMawilltgiveusanaccountoftheconstructionprogressforallthesectionsoftheworks.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1M:Let’sstartwiththediversionstructure.Forthecofferdam,wehaveplaced3,100cubicmetresofconcrete.Itwillbefinishedwithinthenextfewdaysandonschedule.Attheleftabutmentandthedamfoundation,wehavecompleted6,000cubicmetresofrockexcavation.That’swhathadbeenachievedatthediversionstructureduringtheprecedingmonth.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1B:Thankyou.Theprogressatthediversionstructureconformstotheconstructionschedulewithwhichwearequitesatisfied.Haveyoustartedtheexcavationattheintake?Intheconstructionschedule,theexcavationattheintakeshouldstartlateinthepastmonth,thatis,lateinMarch.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1Z:Letmeclearthisup.Recently,fromtheweatherforecast,therainyseasonwillcomeearlierthanusual.SowehaveconcentratedourmanpowerandequipmentontheexcavationofthefoundationforBlocks3and4andontheconcreteplacementforthecofferdam.Ifalltherelevantworkisfinishedintime,wewillbeabletopourthefirstliftsforthetwoblocksbeforetherainyseasoncomes.Therefore,wecouldavoidalotoftroubleinclearingawayfromthedamfoundationallthedebrisanddirtthatwouldbecausedbythehighwateror,even,thepossibleflooding.What’smore,theexcavationattheintakeisnotacriticalactivity.Soitwillnotaffectthecompletiontimeofthewholeprojectifwepostponetheworkattheintakewithinthefloattime.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1S:Althoughtherevisionoftheschedulesoundsreasonable,itisarequirementofthecontractthatwheneveryourevisetheschedule,youmustsubmittherevisedscheduletousforapproval.Z:Wedon’tthinkitisasignificantalteration.Andwehaveitrighthereforyou.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue1B:Thankyou.Anyway,Iwanttoremindyouthateverythingshouldbedonestrictlyinaccordancewiththecontractdocuments.Wehopethatkindofthingwon’thappenagain.Z:Wewilltryourbesttomakeourworksatisfytherequirementsofthecontract.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordsowner[ˈəʊnə(r)]n.apersonwhoownssomething物主；所有权人contractor[kənˈtræktə(r)]n.apersonorcompanythatdoesworkforotherpeopleororganizations立约人；承包商diversion[daɪˈvɜ:ʃn]n.thediversionofsomethinginvolveschangingitscourseordestination转向；转移Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordscofferdam[ˈkɒfədæm]n.awatertightstructure,usuallyofsheetpiling,thatenclosesanareaunderwater,pumpeddrytoenableconstructionworktobecarriedout.Belowacertaindepthacaissonisrequired围堰abutment[əˈbʌtmənt]n.amasonrysupportthattouchesanddirectlyreceivesthrustorpressureofanarchorbridge桥墩；桥基excavation[ˌekskəˈveɪʃn]n.theactofdigging,especiallywithamachine挖掘；开凿；挖土Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordsintake[ˈɪnteɪk]n.Yourintakeofaparticularkindoffood,drink,orairistheamountthatyoueat,drink,orbreathein.摄入量；吸入量block[blɒk]n.Ablockofasubstanceisalargerectangularpieceofit.（长方形）块，大块debris[ˈdebri:]n.piecesfromsomethingthathasbeendestroyedorpiecesofrubbishorunwantedmaterialthatarespreadaround.（被毁物的）残骸;碎片;垃圾Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionANewWordspostpone[pəˈspəʊn]v.Ifyoupostponeanevent,youdelayitorarrangeforittotakeplaceatalatertimethanwasoriginallyplanned.推迟；使延期；延缓alteration[ˌɔ:ltəˈreɪʃn]n.Analterationisachangeinortosomething.变更Dialogue1Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsgosmoothly进展顺利importpermit进口许可证sectionsoftheworks工程的区段giveanaccountof对......做出说明Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsdiversionstructure引水结构cubicmetre立方米onschedule按计划（准时完成）damfoundation坝基Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsconformto符合；与......一致clearup澄清；放晴firstliftsforthetwoblocks两坝块的第一层debrisanddirt残渣与淤泥Unit4ConstructionPlanningfloattime浮动时间；时差SectionADialogue2Mr.GreenandMr.PaularerepresentativesfromtheOwner.Mr.LiandMr.ChenaretherepresentativesfromtheContractor.Theyarediscussingthe

measurestocatchupwiththeschedule.G=Mr.GreenP=Mrs.PaulL=Mr.LiC=Miss.ChenUnit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2G:LadiesandGentlemen,theprojectistwoweeksbehindschedule.Weallclearlyknowthatthecompletionofthetunnelexcavationplaysavitalpartinthetimelypowergenerationofthewholeworks.So,Iwanttoknowwhatmeasuresyouaretakingtocatchupwiththeschedule.Unit4ConstructionPlanningSectionADialogue2L:Accordingtothegeologicaldataprovidedbyyou,thegeologyatAditBshouldbegraniteandofsoundconditions.Astheopenexcavationfortheportalwentalong,itwasdiscoveredthatitisweatheredrock.Sowehavehadtotreatitspecially.Youcanseefromtheamountofreinforcement