高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(16)讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法：第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练KeyrailwaystationsinEnglandStPancrasInternationalLocatedinLondon'scitycenteronEustonRoad,StPancrasInternationalisoneoftheleadingterminals(终点站)forEurostarinternationaltrainservicesfromLondontoFrance,BelgiumandtheNetherlands.StPancrasstationwasestablishedin1868andisoneofthemasterpiecesofVictorianengineering.ItimpressespeoplewithVictorianGothicarchitectureandisoneoftheworld'smostelegantrailwaystations.PaddingtonrailwaystationPaddingtonrailwaystationisalsoknownasPaddingtonUndergroundStation.SituatedinPaddington,centralLondon,thestationisclosetoMaryleboneandBayswater.Paddingtonwasopenedin1838andistheLondonterminalofservicesoperatedbytheGreatWesternRailway.King'sCrossrailwaystationLocatedontheedgeofCentralLondonintheUK,King'sCrossstation,orLondonKing'sCross,isoneofthecountry'sbusieststations.Itwasopenedin1845andnamedinhonorofKingGeorgeIV.Today,LondonKing'sCrossisoneofthemainhubs(中心)oftheUKrailwayroutes,connectingmanymajorcities,includingEdinburgh,Inverness,York,Cambridge,Newcastle,Glasgowandmanyotherdomesticroutes.What'smore,thefamousHarryPotterplatform9³/₄issetonLondon'sKing'sCrossstation.LiverpoolLimeStreetrailwaystationLiverpoolLimeStreetisthecentralrailwaystationinLiverpool,England.Establishedin1836,thestationistheoldeststill-in-usegrandterminalmainlinestationintheworld.Plus,thebuildingitselfisquiteimpressive;itsfrontwasdesignedintheRenaissanceRevivalstyle.TripsfromLiverpoolLimeStreetcoverplentyofdestinationsacrossEngland,WalesandScotland.AndbeingthebusieststationinLiverpool,itservesover16millionpassengersayear.1.Whichstationwasputinusethelatestofall?A.StPancrasInternational.B.Paddingtonrailwaystation.C.King'sCrossrailwaystation.D.LiverpoolLimeStreetrailwaystation.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向Whichstationwasputinusethelatestofall?哪一个车站投入使用的最晚?第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）StPancrasstationwasestablishedin1868andisoneofthemasterpiecesofVictorianengineering.ItimpressespeoplewithVictorianGothicarchitectureandisoneoftheworld'smostelegantrailwaystations.圣潘克拉斯车站建于1868年，是维多利亚时代工程的杰作之一。它的维多利亚哥特式建筑给人留下了深刻的印象，是世界上最优雅的火车站之一。Paddingtonwasopenedin1838andistheLondonterminalofservicesoperatedbytheGreatWesternRailway.帕丁顿车站于1838年开放，是大西部铁路在伦敦的终点站。LocatedontheedgeofCentralLondonintheUK,King'sCrossstation,orLondonKing'sCross,isoneofthecountry'sbusieststations.Itwasopenedin1845andnamedinhonorofKingGeorgeIV.位于英国伦敦市中心的边缘，国王十字车站，或伦敦国王十字车站，是该国最繁忙的车站之一。它于1845年开放，并以乔治四世国王的名字命名。LiverpoolLimeStreetisthecentralrailwaystationinLiverpool,England.Establishedin1836,thestationistheoldeststill-in-usegrandterminalmainlinestationintheworld.利物浦莱姆街是英国利物浦的中央火车站。该车站建于1836年，是世界上仍在使用的最古老的大终点站。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)1.Whichstationwasputinusethelatestofall?．哪一个车站投入使用的最晚?A.StPancrasInternational.圣潘克拉斯国际车站B.Paddingtonrailwaystation.帕丁顿火车站C.King'sCrossrailwaystation.伦敦国王十字火车站D.LiverpoolLimeStreetrailwaystation.利物浦莱姆街站2.WhereisKing'sCrossrailwaystationsituated?A.OutsideofLondon.B.OnEustonRoad.C.NearMaryleboneandBayswater.D.OntheedgeofCentralLondon.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向WhereisKing'sCrossrailwaystationsituated?国王十字火车站在哪里第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）LocatedontheedgeofCentralLondonintheUK,King'sCrossstation,orLondonKing'sCross,isoneofthecountry'sbusieststations.Itwasopenedin1845andnamedinhonorofKingGeorgeIV.位于英国伦敦市中心的边缘，国王十字车站，或伦敦国王十字车站，是该国最繁忙的车站之一。它于1845年开放，并以乔治四世国王的名字命名。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)2.WhereisKing'sCrossrailwaystationsituated?国王十字火车站在哪里?A.OutsideofLondon.在伦敦郊外。B.OnEustonRoad.在尤斯顿路。C.NearMaryleboneandBayswater.马里波恩和贝斯沃特附近。D.OntheedgeofCentralLondon.在伦敦市中心的边缘。（原文直接对应）3.WhatisafactaboutLiverpoolLimeStreetrailwaystation?A.ItcanhelppeopletraveltoEngland,WalesandScotland.B.ItisamajorterminalforEurostarinternationaltrains.C.ItisoneofthemasterpiecesofVictorianengineering.D.Itservesnomorethan16millionpassengersayear.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向3.WhatisafactaboutLiverpoolLimeStreetrailwaystation?关于利物浦莱姆街火车站的事实是什么?第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）LiverpoolLimeStreetisthecentralrailwaystationinLiverpool,England.Establishedin1836,thestationistheoldeststill-in-usegrandterminalmainlinestationintheworld.Plus,thebuildingitselfisquiteimpressive;itsfrontwasdesignedintheRenaissanceRevivalstyle.利物浦莱姆街是英国利物浦的中央火车站。该车站建于1836年，是世界上仍在使用的最古老的大终点站。此外，这座建筑本身也令人印象深刻;它的正面设计是文艺复兴时期的风格。TripsfromLiverpoolLimeStreetcoverplentyofdestinationsacrossEngland,WalesandScotland.AndbeingthebusieststationinLiverpool,itservesover16millionpassengersayear.从利物浦莱姆街出发的行程涵盖了英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的许多目的地。作为利物浦最繁忙的车站，它每年接待超过1600万名乘客。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)3.WhatisafactaboutLiverpoolLimeStreetrailwaystation?关于利物浦莱姆街火车站的事实是什么?ItcanhelppeopletraveltoEngland,WalesandScotland.（原文直接对应）它可以帮助人们去英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰旅行。B.ItisamajorterminalforEurostarinternationaltrains.它是欧洲之星国际列车的主要终点站。C.ItisoneofthemasterpiecesofVictorianengineering.它是维多利亚时代工程的杰作之一。D.Itservesnomorethan16millionpassengersayear.它每年的客流量不超过1600万人次。TripsfromLiverpoolLimeStreetcoverplentyofdestinationsacrossEngland,WalesandScotland.从利物浦莱姆街出发的行程涵盖了英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的许多目的地。NorwegianplaywrightandauthorJonFossehasbeenawardedtheNobelprizeinLiteratureforhis“innovativeplaysandprose(散文)whichgivevoicetotheunsayable”.TheSwedishAcademyconsidersFosseas“oneoftheplaywrightswhoseplaysarethemostwidelyperformedintheworld”,althoughthe64-year-oldoriginallymadehisnameasanovelist,beginningwithRed,Blackin1983.Hehassincewrittenmanyworksofproseandpoetry.“Hisliteraryworks,includingavarietyofgenres(体裁),consistofabout40playsandawealthofnovels,poetrycollections,essays,children'sbooksandtranslations,”saidAndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelcommitteeforLiterature.JonFossedrawsinspirationfromhisrurallivingenvironmentandpersonalstruggleswhichhavedeeplyinfluencedhisdistinctivewritingstyle.Growingupinasmallcoastalvillage,Fossewaslostinthebeautyofnatureandthevastnessofthesea,whichfilledhimwithasenseofbeingaloneandintrospection(内省)thatisreflectedinhisworks.Fosse'swritingdiscussedthemesofloneliness,longing,andthesearchformeaninginlife.Additionally,hisbattleswithdepressionhaveenabledhimtoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdespair.“Hetouchesyousodeeplywhenyoureadhisworks,”saidAndersOlsson.“Whatisspecialabouthimistheclosenessinhiswriting.Ittouchesyourdeepestfeelings—anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath—whicharethingsthateveryhumanbeingactuallyfacesfromtheverybeginning.Inthatsense,Ithinkhereachesveryfarandthereisasortofauniversalimpactofeverythingthathewrites.”Fosseisthefirst-everwinneroftheawardwritinginNynorsk,oneofthetwoofficiallanguagesofNorway,butonlyusedbyjust10%ofthepopulation.AsTheGuardianwrites,“ManyNynorskspeakersseeFosse‘asakindofnationalhero’forhissupportingandusingthelanguage.”Fosse’sbeingrecognizedonaglobalstagecontributestothevisibilityofNynorskasawrittenstandard.ItwillattractmoreattentiontoNynorskliterature,inspireandencourageNynorskspeakerstocontinuepreservingandhighlightingtheirlanguageheritage.1.WhatmadeJonFossebecomefamousinthebeginning?A.Hisnewsreports.B.Hisnovels.C.Hisfilmreviews.D.Hispoetrycollections.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1.WhatmadeJonFossebecomefamousinthebeginning?是什么让乔恩·福斯一开始就出名了第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）TheSwedishAcademyconsidersFosseas“oneoftheplaywrightswhoseplaysarethemostwidelyperformedintheworld”,althoughthe64-year-oldoriginallymadehisnameasanovelist,beginningwithRed,Blackin1983.Hehassincewrittenmanyworksofproseandpoetry.“Hisliteraryworks,includingavarietyofgenres(体裁),consistofabout40playsandawealthofnovels,poetrycollections,essays,children'sbooksandtranslations,”saidAndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelcommitteeforLiterature.瑞典文学院认为福斯是“世界上戏剧演出最广泛的剧作家之一”，尽管64岁的福斯最初是以小说家的身份出名的，1983年他的作品是《红与黑》。此后，他写了许多散文和诗歌作品。诺贝尔文学奖委员会主席安德斯·奥尔森(AndersOlsson)表示:“他的文学作品包括40多部戏剧和大量小说、诗集、散文、儿童读物、翻译作品，体裁多样(体裁)。”第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)1.WhatmadeJonFossebecomefamousinthebeginning?是什么让乔恩·福斯一开始成名的?A.Hisnewsreports.他的新闻报道B.Hisnovels.他的小说（同义替换——词性变换：novel-novelist）C.Hisfilmreviews.他的影视评论D.Hispoetrycollections.他的诗集TheSwedishAcademyconsidersFosseas“oneoftheplaywrightswhoseplaysarethemostwidelyperformedintheworld”,althoughthe64-year-oldoriginallymadehisnameasanovelist,beginningwithRed,Blackin1983.Hehassincewrittenmanyworksofproseandpoetry.瑞典文学院认为福斯是“世界上戏剧演出最广泛的剧作家之一”，尽管64岁的福斯最初是以小说家的身份出名的，1983年他的作品是《红与黑》。此后，他写了许多散文和诗歌作品。2.WhatledFossetoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdespair?A.Hisappreciationforthevastnessofthesea.B.Hisstrugglesagainsthisbadmentalstate.C.Hispleasantrurallivingenvironment.D.Hisunfavourablefamilyatmosphere.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向2.WhatledFossetoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdespair?是什么让福西去探索人类情感的深处和存在的绝望第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）JonFossedrawsinspirationfromhisrurallivingenvironmentandpersonalstruggleswhichhavedeeplyinfluencedhisdistinctivewritingstyle.Growingupinasmallcoastalvillage,Fossewaslostinthebeautyofnatureandthevastnessofthesea,whichfilledhimwithasenseofbeingaloneandintrospection(内省)thatisreflectedinhisworks.Fosse'swritingdiscussedthemesofloneliness,longing,andthesearchformeaninginlife.Additionally,hisbattleswithdepressionhaveenabledhimtoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdespair.乔恩·福斯从他的乡村生活环境和个人奋斗中汲取灵感，这深深影响了他独特的写作风格。在海边的小村庄长大的福斯，在大自然的美丽和大海的浩瀚中迷失了，这让他充满了孤独和自省的感觉(内省)，这反映在他的作品中。福斯的作品讨论了孤独、渴望和对生命意义的探索等主题。此外，他与抑郁症的斗争使他能够探索人类情感的深处和存在的绝望。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)2.WhatledFossetoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdespair?是什么促使福西探索人类情感和存在主义绝望的深度?A.Hisappreciationforthevastnessofthesea.他对大海浩瀚的欣赏。B.Hisstrugglesagainsthisbadmentalstate.他与不良的精神状态作斗争。C.Hispleasantrurallivingenvironment.他宜人的乡村生活环境。D.Hisunfavourablefamilyatmosphere.他不利的家庭气氛Additionally,hisbattleswithdepressionhaveenabledhimtoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdespair.此外，他与抑郁症的斗争使他能够探索人类情感的深处和存在的绝望。同义替换：Battlewith=struggleagainstDepression=badmentalstate3.WhyisFosseuniqueasaNobelPrizewinner?A.Hehasusedalanguagespokenbyasmallnumberofpeople.B.Hepromotescultureexchangesbetweendifferentnations.C.Hisworksappealtoboththeoldandtheyoung.D.HehasresetwritingstandardsofNynorsk.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向WhyisFosseuniqueasaNobelPrizewinner?作为诺贝尔奖得主，弗西为什么是独一无二的第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确