河南省联考2024届高三年级下册4月月考英语试卷(含答案)

河南省名校联考2024届高三下学期4月月考英语试卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

EiffelTower

TheEiffelTowerisn'tjustasymbolofParis,butasymbolforallofFrance.Establishedby

GustaveEiffeltomemorizetheFrenchRevolutionin1889,the1,050-foot（320-metre）tower

onceheldthetitleoftheworld'stalleststructure.Thebasics

TheEiffelTower9sfirstfloorfeaturesexhibits,kid-friendlyexperiences,andthe58Tour

Eiffelrestaurant;thesecondfloorincludestheJulesVerneRestaurant;andthethird-floor

summit,accessibleviaaglasselevator,featuresGustaveEiflersprivateapartmentsanda

Champagnebar.Ofcourse,alllevelsofferstriking360-degreeviewsoftheCityofLight.

Giventhestructure'sglobalpopularity,thecrowdscanbequitelarge,meaningthatpriority­

accesstoursarehighlyrecommended一inpeakseason,longlinesmeanthatwaitscanoften

beover3hours.Saveprecioussightseeingtimebybookingaskip-the-lineEiffelTowerticket

withorwithoutatourguide;thisexperiencecanbecombinedwithaPariscitytour.Ifyou'd

ratherviewtheiconic（标志f生的）structureinallitsglorythanheadtothetop,bookaSeine

Rivercruise（巡航），orawalking,biking,orSegwaytour.Thingstoknowbeforeyougo

Planyourvisitinadvanceandbookskip-the-lineticketstoavoidalongwaittime.

IfyoupurchaseanadmissionticketforEiffelTowersummitaccess,you'llheadstraight

tothetopbeforestoppingatthelowerlevelsonyourdownwardjourney.

ThereareATMsandsouvenirshopsonthegroundfloor.

Thetower9sfirsttwolevelsarewheelchairaccessible,butthesummitisnot.

You'llberequiredtoundergoasecurityscreeningbeforeenteringthetower.Howtogetthere

Takemetroline6toBirHakeimorRERlineCtotheChampdeMarsstation.Forbetter

views,takemetroline6or9totheTrocaderostopacrossfromtheRiverSeine.

1.Onwhichflooraretherethemostchildrenprobably?

A.Thefirstfloor.B.Thesecondfloor.C.Thethirdfloor.D.Thetopfloor.

2.WhatdoyouknowaboutgoingtoEiffelTower?

A.Youcan'ttakeawheelchairinside.

B.Youmustbuyaskip-the-linetickettovisitit.

C.Youcantakemetroline9toBirHakeimstation.

D.Youcanreachthetopwithanadmissionticketforsummitaccess.

3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Asciencefiction.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Anewsreport.D.Adiary.

MaryFlanneryO'ConnorwasbornonMarchtwenty-fifth,1925,inthesoutherncityof

Savannah,Georgia.Theyearshewasborn,herfatherdevelopedararediseasecalledlupus

（3良疮）.Hediedofthediseasein1941.Bythattimethefamilywaslivinginthesmall

southerntownofMilledgeville,Georgia,inahouseownedbyFlannery'smother.

LifeinasmalltownintheAmericanSouthwaswhatO9Connorknewbest.Yetshesaid,

“Ifyouknowwhoyouare,youcangoanywhere.^^ManypeopleinthetownofMilledgeville

thoughtshewasdifferentfromothergirls.Shewaskindtoeveryone,butsheseemedtostand

toonesideofwhatwashappening,asifshewantedtoseeitbetter.Hermotherwasher

example.Hermothersaid,"Iwasbroughtuptobenicetoeveryoneandnottotellmy

businesstoanyone."

Flanneryalsodidnottalkaboutherself.Butinherwritingasilentanddistantanger

explodesfromthequietsurfaceofherstories.SomeseeherasaRomanCatholic（天主教的）

religiouswriter.Theyseeherangerasthesearchtosavehermoralbeingthroughherbeliefin

JesusChrist.Someseehernotwritingaboutthings,butpresentingthethingsthemselves.She

said,“IseetheworldfromtheperspectiveofChristianity.Thismeansthatforme,the

meaningoflifeisfocusedonChrisfsredemption（救赎）ofus,andeverythingintheworldis

relatedtoitinmyeyes."

Thefollowingyear,1949,shemovedtoNewYorkCity.Shesoonleftthecityandlived

withherfriendRobertFitzgeraldandhisfamilyinthenortheasternstateofConnecticut.

FitzgeraldsaysO9Connorneededtobealonetoworkduringtheday.Andsheneededher

friendstotalktowhenherworkwasdone.

Whilewritingherfirstnovel,WiseBlood,shewasstrickenwiththediseaselupusthat

hadkilledherfather.Thetreatmentforlupusweakenedher.ShemovedbacktoGeorgiaand

livedtherestofherlifewithhermotheronafarmoutsideMilledgeville.

4.WhomayhaveabiginfluenceonMaryFlanneryO9Connor?

A.Herfather.B.Hermother.C.Herfriends.D.Herreaders.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMaryFlanneryO9Connor?

A.Strong-willedandselfless.B.Optimisticandindependent.

C.Responsibleandtalkative.D.Kindandreligious.

6.WhatdowelearnaboutMaryFlanneryO9Connorfromthetext?

A.Shelivedalonelylife.B.Herlifewasfullofdifficulty.

C.Herhealthwasaffectedbylupus.D.Herstoriesrevealedhercourage.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MaryFlanneryO'Connor'sLifetimeB.BeliefofaGreatWriter

C.WritingofMaryFlanneryO9ConnorD.KindnessofaWriter

WhenlightningcausedfiresaroundCalifornia^BigBasinRedwoodsStateParknorthof

SantaCruzinAugust2020,thefirespreadquickly.Mildfiresstrikecoastalredwood（红杉）

forestsabouteverydecade.Thegianttreesresistburningthankstothebark（树皮），upto

about30centimetresthickatthebase,whichcontainsacids.Theirbranchesandneedlesare

normallybeyondthereachofflames.Butthistimeflamesshotthroughthetopof100-metre-

talltrees,burningtheneedles.66Itwasshocking/9saysDrewPeltier,atreeexpertatNorthern

ArizonaUniversity.C6Itreallyseemedlikemostofthetreesweregoingtodie.”

Yetmanyofthemlived.InapaperpublishedyesterdayinNaturePlants.Peltierandhis

colleagueshelpexplainwhy:Thesurvivorsuselong-heldenergyreserves一sugarsthathad

beenmadefromsunlightdecadesearlier-andpouredthemintobuds（芽）thathadbeen

lyingdormant（休眠的）underthebarkforcenturies.

“Thisisoneofthosepapersthatchallengesourpreviousknowledgeontreegrowth,“

saysAdrianRocha,anecosystemecologistattheUniversityofNotreDame."Itisamazingto

learnthatcarbontakenupdecadesagocanbeusedtosustainitsgrowthintothefuture/9The

findingssuggestredwoodshavethetoolstocopewithbigfiresdrivenbyclimatechange,

Rochasays.Still,ifsunclearwhetherthetreescouldcopewiththeregularinfernosthat

mightoccurunderawarmerclimateenvironment.

Thefirein2020wassointensethateventhetopbranchesofmanytreesburnedandtheir

abilitytophotosynthesize（光合作用）wentupinsmokealongwiththeirpineneedles.Trees

photosynthesizetocreatesugarsandothercarbohydrates（碳水化合物），whichprovidethe

energytheyneedtogrowandrepairtissue.Treesdostoresomeofthisenergy,whichthey

cancallonduringadroughtorafterafire.Althoughtheredwoodshavesprouted（长出）new

growth,Peltierandotherforestexpertswonderhowthetreeswillcopewithfarlessenergy

fromphotosynthesis,giventhatitwillbeyearsbeforetheygrowasmanyneedlesastheyhad

beforethefir已“They'realive,butIwouldbealittleconcernedfortheminthefuture."

8.Whafsspecialaboutthisbigfireforcoastalredwoodforestsin2020?

A.Itburntthetopofthetrees.B.Itwasveryclosetothelastfire.

C.Itresistedburningeffectively.D.Itcausedrelativelyminordamage.

9.Whydidredwoodssurviveinthebigfire?

A.Sugarsprotectedtheirbarks.B.Energyreservespromotedthegrowthofbuds.

C.Theygotusedtohotclimate.D.Theytookinmuchcarbontoresistfire.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inffemos“inthethirdparagraphmean?

A.Unpredictabledisasters.B.Changeableclimate.

C.Terribleenvironment.D.Uncontrollablefires.

11.WhydoesPeltierworryaboutthesurvivalofredwoods?

A.Theirtissuescan'tberepaired.B.Theycan'tsaveenergyanymore.

C.Theirenergysavedisnotsufficient.D.Theygrowtooslowly.

Thefirst-everfineforspacejunkwasissuedinearlyOctoberinacaseofoff-planet

environmentalenforcement（执法）.Thetelevisioncompany,DishNetwork,washitwitha

$125,000finebytheUnitedStatesgovernmentforfailingtoremoveasatelliteinorbitthat

wouldhaveriskedacollision（撞击）withotherspaceequipment,asafetyconcernthatwill

onlygrowwithtimeasoff-planetactivitiesincrease.

AccordingtoNASA,debris（碎片）orbitinginspacecantravelupto15kilometresper

second,whichisnearly10timesfasterthanthevelocity（速度）ofabullet.Ahugeamountof

damagecanbecausedbysomethingjustafewcentimetresinsize,meaningthateveryeffort

mustbetakentokeepspaceasclearaspossible.Collisionsthattakeplaceinspacehavean

effectbackonEarth.DamagedsatellitesimpactourabilitytousetheInternetandnavigation

（导航）,leavingincreasinglyglobalcriticalinfrastructureinanunstablestate.

Onesolutionforthismaybetosendautonomousspacevehiclesintoorbit,whichcan

thencatchandeffectivelyde-orbitspacejunk.Byutilizingtoolssuchasroboticarms,ornets,

thisapproachwillrequireveryprecisetrackandfinecooperationinordertobesuccessful.

Suchmeasuresareyettocatchupwiththeincreaseinspaceactivityandpollutioncurrently

occurring.Therefore,finesandregulatoryenforcementmaypresentlybetheonlyrealistic

methodtoholdorganizationsaccountable.

TheDishNetworksatellite,fined$125,000bytheFederalCommunications

Commission,failedtode-orbitasalackoffuelstoppedthesatellitefromfully

decommissioning（退役）asafedistancefromEarth,fallingshortbyaround75miles（120

kilometres）.Itishopedthatsignificantfineslikethesewillserveasawarningforcompanies,

forcingthemtomakesurethesafedecommissioningoftheirspaceoperations.

12.WhywasDishNetworkfined?

A.Itleftspacejunkinorbit.

B.Itincreasedoff-planetactivities.

C.Itmadecollisionsamongspaceequipment.

D.Itsenttoomuchspaceequipmenttospace.

13.Whyisitnecessarytokeepspaceclean?

A.Spacejunkmayturnintobullets.

B.Debrisfragmentsaretootinytotrack.

C.Debrismaycausegreatdamageinspace.

D.AbadspaceenvironmentwilldestroytheEarth.

14.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theharmofspacejunk.B.Waystoremovespacejunk.

C.Typesofautonomousspacevehicles.D.Approachestostoppingsatellites.

15.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefines?

A.Unconcerned.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Approving.

二、七选五

16.DeliciousNewYear'sSugarCookies

Thiscookierecipeisoneofmyfavouritesbecauseifssimilartothosesoft,store-bought

melt-in-your-mouthsugarcookiesthatcomeintheplasticpackaging.Eventhoughthose

cookiesareabsolutelyattractive,freshlybakedcookieswinmyhearteverysingletime,

especiallyiftheycanbemadeinlessthan30minutes.

①Plus,dependingontheoccasion,youcouldaddsimpledecorationssuch

asfrostingorthesestarsprinkles（点缀），whichareperfectforNewYear!

Nomatterhowyoudecoratethem,thesetreatsareperfectforyournextget-together,

especiallyifyou'repressedfortime.Soifyou'reondessertdutyforyourupcomingNew

Year'sparty,trymakingthesestarsugarcookies.②

Mixbutterandsugars

Poursugarsintoalargemixingbowlthathasmeltedbutter.Preheattheovento325°F.

Linetwobakingsheetswithpaper.Inalargemixingbowlorbowlofstandmixer,combine

the1/2cupmeltedbutter,1/4cupgranulated（砂状的）sugarand1/4cupbrownsugar.（3）

Addiningredients

Mixinaneggandwhiskitinmixingbowl.Usearubberspatula（抹刀）tostirindry

ingredients:11/2cupall-purposeflour,1/2tsp.bakingpowder,1/2tsp.bakingsodaand1/2

tsp.salt.Mixuntilnodryspotsremain.

Scoopcookiedough（生面团）androllinstarsprinkles

Scoopcookiedoughintohand.Usesmallcookiescooporrollabout11/2tbsp,ofcookie

doughintoaball.Addstarsprinklestoasmallbowl.（4）Placecookies,sprinkle

sideup,onalinedbakingsheet,about3to4inchesapart.

Bake

Bakethesugarcookiesfor9to11minutes,oruntiledgesareset.Letrestonthebaking

sheetforabout5minutes,thentransferthecookiestowireshelftocoolfully.

⑤Ifyou'relookingformorerecipestoyourguests,checkoutour3Holiday

Dips!

A.Mixuntilfullycombined.

B.Addsprinklestothemixer.

C.Soifseasytoseewhatyou'vegot.

D.Theyjustmightbethestardishofthenight!

E.IhopeyouenjoythesesugarcookiesthisNewYear!

F.Rollthetopofeachcookiedoughballinthestarsprinkles.

G.Notonlyisthisrecipequick,butitalsousescommoningredients.

三、完形填空（15空）

SpearmovedfromtheUnitedStatestoBeijing37yearsago.His]inChinabegan

duringcollegewhenhetookaclasstaughtbyaChinesespecialist.HisloveforChina

deepenedwhenhemethiswife-to-be,Tang,in1980,andmarriedhertwoyearslater.

In1986,hedecidedto2hisdoctoralstudiesinChinesepoliticsattheUniversity

ofCalifornia,Berkeley,andmovetoChinatogettotheheartofthings.

Hesaysthatitwasfatethatledhimto3beneaththeGreatWall.Inthe1990s,he

andhis4discoveredtheirfuturehomeinMutianyu.Fornearly10years,thecouple

spenttheirweekendsatthisbeautifulplacebeforedecidingtomakeittheir5homein

2005.

Asa（n）6,Spearrenovated（番羽新）hisdreamhouseinavillageneartheGreat

Wall,whichcomeswithmultipleviewsoftheGreatWall.Shortlyafterembracingfull-time

7life,SpearwasapproachedbyvillageheadLiLianting,whoexplainedthatMutianyu

wasrapidlylosing8andbadlyinneedoflocal9Thismotivatedthearchitectto

explorewaysof10ruralresidents.

Afterlookingintothematter,herentedanold11schoolhouseandturneditintoa

restaurantandglassartfactorytomakeit12.Hehashelpedrenovatearound2013

wherevillagersnolongerlive.He14themintohotelsorrestaurants,whichbrought

muchincometovillagers.Inrecognitionofhis15,SpearwasgiventheGreatWall

FriendshipAwardbytheBeijinggovernmentin2014.

17.A.beliefB.lifeC.interestD.future

18.A.dropoutofB.adapttoC.carryonD.concentrateon

19.A.waitB.settleC.performD.advertise

20.A.classmateB.childC.wifeD.friend

21.A.formalB.temporaryC.instantD.permanent

22.A.architectB.expertC.plannerD.gardener

23.A.urbanB.mountainC.villageD.town

24.A.residentsB.farmersC.authorsD.citizens

25.A.conferencesB.businessesC.activitiesD.landscapes

26.A.greetingB.chargingC.supportingD.memorizing

27.A.advancedB.dangerousC.grandD.abandoned

28.A.sustainableB.creativeC.worthwhileD.professional

29.A.schoolsB.factoriesC.housesD.libraries

30.A.dividedB.turnedC.brokeD.put

31.A.contributionsB.emotionC.identityD.influence

四、短文填空

32.DuringtheChristmasseason,CareBearsdressedinSantaClaushatsandother

decorations,an①一_______(adore)toyfavouredbykids,canbe②__________(easy)found

ontheshelvesofshoppingmallsintheUnitedStates.CareBearsaremulticolouredbears③

areusedongreetingcardsandlaterturnedintoplush(毛绒)bears.

Beforethesestuffedanimalsreachedtheirdestination,they④(produce)in

QinlingMountainsinChinaandjourneyedforalmostamonthacrosstheocean.

MinHua,managerofAnkangHeng9anToyLtd.,saidtheproductionofaCareBear

involvesnearly20workerscoveringeight⑤(procedure).After⑥

(apply)textile(纺织品)printingonpiecegoods,workerswouldaddembroidery(纺织品刺

绣).Then,theyusemachinestocutpatterns,sewthembyfollowingthegivendraft,⑦

stuffthem.MinHuanotedthetoyfactoryishighlylabor-hungry,andthatwas®

thecompanychosetosettledowninAnkang,wherelabourandlandcostswere

relativelylow.

(9)(ensure)quickdelivery,in2020,thelocalgovernmentandShanghai

InternationalPort(Group)Co.,Ltd.(SIPG)co-foundalogistics(物流的)companynamed

AnkangSIPG,ensuringmultimodaltransport®alowercost.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是李华，你班要布置班级英语文化墙，来激励学生努力学习，作为班长，

请你给外教老师Chris写封邮件请求指导。内容包括：

1.教室英语文化墙设想；

2.请求Chris指导；

3.表达感谢。

注意：

L写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

DearChris,

Ihopethisemailfindsyouwell.

Yours,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

Britworksfulltimeasafourth-gradeteacheratKulaElementarySchool.Itwasthere

thatshemetSethSnyder,astudentwhohadflownundertheradarwithpreviousteachers.

Everyyear,Britisgivenanine-monthwindowinwhichtoconnectwithagroupofnew

students.Andwitheachbatchofnewstudents,shehopestohaveapositiveimpactontheir

lives.ButSethwasatoughcookietocrack.Forthefirstfewmonthsoftheschoolyear,she

struggledtoconnectwithherstudent,whowasshybutneverthelessapleasuretohaveinthe

classroom.

Oneday,BritshowedherstudentsaclipofskateboardersgoingalloutatTonyHawk's

rampinCalifornia.BritglancedoverandwatchedSeth'sfacelightup;shefoundtheir

connection.ShewentonestepfurthertoconnectwithSethbyinvitinghimtojoinheratthe

skateparkafterschooloneday.Insteadofexcitement,Sethshutdown.Hepolitelydeclined

histeacher9sofferandwithdrewoncemore.Inspiteofthat,Britwouldn'tgiveupsoeasily.

Sheaskedagainafewweekslater,thedaySethandhisfellowstudentswerecutloosefor

springbreak.

“Whatareyougoingtodo?”sheasked."Areyougoingtoskate?”

“No,"hemumbled,almostembarrassed.66Idon'thaveaskateboard."

Brifsheartsankintoherstomach.KulaElementarycomprisesmostlyunderprivileged

（缺少机遇的）studentswhocomefromlow-incomefamilies.TeacherslikeBrithavetotread

（行事）carefullywhenitcomestoeventhesmallestconversationsorassignments,becausea

questionasinnocentas"Whatareyourplansforspringbreak?”canbehurtful,sometimes

embarrassing,forstudentswhohavesolittle.

Britsaidtothereporter,uIfyourparentsareworkingthreejobstobeabletopayrent,of

coursethey9renotgoingtohavetimetotakeyoutoskateparkor,youknow,takeyousurfing,

orletalonebuyyouthat$400surfboardor$200skateboard.”

注意：

L续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Britsharedthestorywithherbestfriend,Zach,aprofessionalskateboarder.

Whatbeganastwopeoplecomingtogethertodoagooddeedforoneyoungboyquickly

blossomed（发展）intoagrassrootseffort.

参考答案

1.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheEiffelTower'sfirstfloorfeaturesexhibits,kid­

friendlyexperiences,andthe58TourEiffelrestaurant;thesecondfloorincludestheJules

VerneRestaurant;andthethird-floorsummit,accessibleviaaglasselevator,featuresGustave

EiflersprivateapartmentsandaChampagnebar.（埃菲尔铁塔的第一层设有展览、适合儿

童的体验活动和58号埃菲尔铁塔餐厅；第二层设有儒勒・凡尔纳餐厅；第三层，即顶

峰，可以通过玻璃电梯到达，这里曾是古斯塔夫・埃菲尔的私人公寓，并设有一个香槟

酒吧。）”可知，埃菲尔铁塔的第一层最受孩子的欢迎，因此可能有最多的孩子。故选

Ao

2.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据文章Thingstoknowbeforeyougo部分中的“Ifyoupurchase

anadmissionticketforEiffelTowersummitaccess,you511headstraighttothetopbefore

stoppingatthelowerlevelsonyourdownwardjourney.（如果你购买了通往埃菲尔铁塔顶

峰的入场券，你将直接前往塔顶，然后在向下走的途中再参观较低的楼层。）”可知，

如果你购买了通往埃菲尔铁塔顶峰的入场券，你将直接前往塔顶，然后在向下走的途

中再参观较低的楼层。因此，持有顶峰入场券可以到达塔顶。故选D。

3.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，这篇文章详细介绍了埃菲尔铁塔的历史、结

构、参观事项以及如何到达等信息，这些都是旅游宣传册中常见的内容。文章的目的

在于为读者提供关于埃菲尔铁塔的详细信息，帮助他们更好地了解和规划参观行程。

因此，这篇文章很可能来自于一本旅游宣传册或旅游指南。故选B。

4.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hermotherwasherexample.Hermothersaid,“Iwas

broughtuptobenicetoeveryoneandnottotellmybusinesstoanyone.^^（她的母亲是她的

榜样。她的母亲说:“我从小就被教导要对每个人都好，不要把自己的事告诉任何

人。”）”推知，她的母亲可能对她有很大的影响。故选B。

5.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Shewaskindtoeveryone（她对每个人都很好）“，以

及第三段中“Shesaid,"IseetheworldfromtheperspectiveofChristianity.Thismeansthat

forme,themeaningoflifeisfocusedonChrisfsredemption（救赎）ofus,andeverythingin

theworldisrelatedtoitinmyeyes."（她说:“我从基督教的角度看世界。这意味着，对我

来说，生命的意义集中在基督对我们的救赎上，世界上的一切都与此有关。”户推知，

MaryFlanneryO'Connor是善良且对宗教虔诚的。故选D。

6.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“Whilewritingherfirstnovel,WiseBlood,shewas

strickenwiththediseaselupusthathadkilledherfather.Thetreatmentforlupusweakened

her.ShemovedbacktoGeorgiaandlivedtherestofherlifewithhermotheronafarm

outsideMiUedgeville.（在写她的第一部小说《智慧之血》时，她患上了夺去她父亲生命

的红斑狼疮。狼疮的治疗使她虚弱了。她搬回了乔治亚州，和母亲一起在米利奇维尔

郊外的一个农场里度过了余生。）”可知，MaryFlanneryO'Connor的健康受到了红斑狼

疮的影响。故选C。

7.答案：A

解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“MaryFlanneryO'Connorwasbomon

Marchtwenty-fifth,1925,inthesoutherncityofSavannah,Georgia.（玛丽・弗兰纳里・奥康纳

于1925年3月25日出生在佐治亚州南部城市萨凡纳。）”、第四段中“Thefollowing

year,1949,shemovedtoNewYorkCity.（第二年，也就是1949年,她搬到了纽约。）”以

及最后一段中“ShemovedbacktoGeorgiaandlivedtherestofherlifewithhermotherona

farmoutsideMilledgeville.（她搬回了乔治亚州，和母亲一起在米利奇维尔郊外的一个农

场里度过了余生。）”可知，文章讲述了美国作家玛丽・弗兰纳里・奥康纳的性格、处事方

式、工作方式、写作特点及生活经历。因此A项“玛丽・弗兰纳里・奥康纳的一生”可作为

本文的最佳标题。故选A。

8.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Mildfiresstrikecoastalredwoodforestsaboutevery

decade.Thegianttreesresistburningthankstothebark,uptoabout30centimetresthickat

thebase,whichcontainsacids.Theirbranchesandneedlesarenormallybeyondthereachof

flames.Butthistimeflamesshotthroughthetopof100-metre-talltrees,burningthe

needles.（沿海红杉森林大约每十年发生一次轻度火灾。由于红杉下部的树皮厚达约30

厘米且含有酸，大树可以在火中抗燃烧。它们的树枝和针叶通常是火焰无法触及的，

但这一次，火焰穿透了100米高的树顶，点燃了针叶）”可推知，这次的大火烧了树

顶。故选A。

9.答案：B

解析：细节理解题o根据第二段“Yetmanyofthemlived.Inapaperpublishedyesterdayin

NaturePlants,Peltierandhiscolleagueshelpexplainwhy:Thesurvivorsuselong-held

energyreserves——sugarsthathadbeenmadefromsunlightdecadesearlier——andpouredthem

intobuds（芽）thathadbeenlyingdormant（休眠的）underthebarkforcenturies.（然而，它

们中的许多活了下来。在昨天发表在《自然植物》杂志上的一篇论文中，Peltier和他

的同事解释了其中的原因：存活下来的植物利用长期储存的能量储备——几十年前从

阳光中产生的糖——并将它们注入在阳光下休眠了几个世纪的花蕾中）”可知，很多红

杉活了下来，因为它们使用了长期保存的能量储备—几十年前从阳光中提取的糖一

—促进了新芽的生长。故选B。

10.答案：D

解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Thefindingssuggestredwoodshavethetoolsto

copewithbigfiresdrivenbyclimatechange,Rochasays.（Rocha说，研究结果表明，红

杉拥有应对气候变化引发的大火的工具）“结合"Still,ifsunclearwhetherthetreescould

copewiththeregularinfernosthatmightoccurunderawarmerclimateenvironment.^^中的

“thatmightoccurunderawarmerclimateenvironment”是infernos的定语从句，我们可以

推断出，气候变暖环境下可能发生定期的不可控的火灾，故infernos的意思可能是“无

法控制的大火”。故选D。

11.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Althoughtheredwoodshavesproutednewgrowth,

Peltierandotherforestexpertswonderhowthetreeswillcopewithfarlessenergyfrom

photosynthesis,giventhatitwillbeyearsbeforetheygrowasmanyneedlesastheyhad

beforethefire.（尽管红杉已经长出了新枝，但珀尔蒂埃和其他森林专家想知道，考虑到

红杉需要数年才能长出大火前那么多的针叶，它们将如何应对光合作用产生的能量大

大减少）“可推知，Peltier担心红杉的生存是因为节约的能源不够。故选C。

12.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thetelevisioncompany,DishNetwork,washitwitha

$125,000finebytheUnitedStatesgovernmentforfailingtoremoveasatelliteinorbitthat

wouldhaveriskedacollision（撞击）withotherspaceequipment（电视公司DishNetwork被

美国政府处以12.5万美元的罚款，原因是未能移除轨道上的一颗卫星，否则可能会与

其他太空设备发生碰撞。）”可知，DishNetwork被罚款是因为未能移除轨道上的卫

星，即把太空垃圾留在轨道上。故选A。

13.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ahugeamountofdamagecanbecausedbysomething

justafewcentimetresinsize,meaningthateveryeffortmustbetakentokeepspaceasclear

aspossible.CollisionsthattakeplaceinspacehaveaneffectbackonEarth.Damaged

satellitesimpactourabilitytousetheInternetandnavigation（导航），leavingincreasingly

globalcriticalinfrastructureinanunstablestate.（只有几厘米大小的东西就能造成巨大的

破坏，这意味着必须尽一切努力保持空间尽可能的干净。在太空中发生的碰撞会对地

球产生影响。损坏的卫星影响了我们使用互联网和导航的能力，使越来越多的全球关

键基础设施处于不稳定状态。）”可知，许多碎片在太空会造成巨大破坏，因此要保持

太空清洁。故选C。

14.答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。根据本段首句"Onesolutionforthismaybetosendautonomousspace

vehiclesintoorbit,whichcanthencatchandeffectivelyde-orbitspacejunk.（一个解决方案

可能是将自动太空飞行器送入轨道，然后它可以捕获并有效地使太空垃圾脱离轨

道。）”和最后一句"Therefbre,finesandregulatoryenforcementmaypresentlybetheonly

realisticmethodtoholdorganizationsaccountable.（因此，罚款和监管执法可能是目前唯

一现实的方法，让组织承担责任。）”可知，本段主要介绍了清理太空垃圾的办法。故

选B。

15.答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"Therefore,finesandregulatoryenforcement

maypresentlybetheonlyrealisticmethodtoholdorganizationsaccountable.（因止匕，罚款和

监管执法可能是目前唯一现实的方法，让组织承担责任。广和最后一段中“Itishoped

thatsignificantfineslikethesewillserveasawarningforcompanies,forcingthemtomake

surethesafedecommissioningoftheirspaceoperations.（人们希望，像这样的巨额罚款将

对公司起到警告作用，迫使它们确保其太空业务的安全退役。广推知，作者对罚款这

种措施持支持态度。故选D。

16.答案：①-⑤GDAFE

解析：①根据上段末句"especiallyiftheycanbemadeinlessthan30minutes.（特别是如果

它们可以在30分钟内完成。）"和下文"Plus,dependingontheoccasion,youcouldadd

simpledecorationssuchasfrostingorthesestarsprinkles（点缀），whichareperfectforNew

Year!（此外，根据不同的场合，你可以添加一些简单的装饰，比如糖霜或这些星星糖，

这些都是新年的完美选择！广中的plus可知，空处应介绍新年糖饼食谱的一个好处一

一节约日寸间oG项“Notonlyisthisrecipequick,butitalsousescommoningredients.（这个

食谱不仅快，而且用的都是常见的食材。户符合语境，上下文连接自然。故选G。

②空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Soifyou5reondessertdutyforyourupcoming

NewYear'sparty,trymakingthesestarsugarcookies.（所以，如果你要为即将到来的新年

派对准备甜点，试试做这些星形糖饼干吧。）”可知，作者建议人们为新年制作星形饼

干。D项“Theyjustm