安徽省六安市某中学2024届高三年级下册质量检测（一 ）英语试题 含解析

六安一中2024届高三年级质量检测卷

英语试卷（一）

时间：120分钟总分：150分

第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7・5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?

A.Peru.B.Britain.C.Mexico.

2.Whatwillthemandotonight?

AAttendaparty.B.Replytoaninvitation.C.Practisefootball.

3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofheroldroommate?

A.Self-centered.B.Considerate.C.Cautious.

4.Whatshouldthecitydoaccordingtothewoman?

A.Createmorejobs.B.Improvetheairquality.C.Closesomebusinesses.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Theirinsufficientsleep.B.Theirprettydormitory.C.Theunusualweather.

第二节（共15小题：每小题L5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完

后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.Whattimeisitwhentheconversationhappens?

A.At2:50pm.B.At3:20pm.C.Around3:10pm

7.Whatdoesthewomanplantodowiththepaper?

A.Tonotedownthesolareclipse（日食）.

B.Tostopthebirdssinging.

C.Toprotecthereyes.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?

A.Excited.B.Upset.C.Angry

9.Whatdidthewomandowell?

A.Drivinguphill.B.Makingturns.C.Parking

10.Whydidthewomanhitacar?

A.Shefailedtousethehandbrake.

B.Shedidn*tturnherhead.

C.Shedrovetoofast.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

11.Wheredidthemanstartmakingpots?

A.InIndia.B.InScotland.C.InAustria.

12.Whydidthemantravelattheverybeginning?

A.Topursuearomanticrelationship.

B.Tofindoutwhathewasinterestedin.

C.Tolearnhowtomakebeautifulpots.

13.Whatcanbeknownaboutthemanafter1970?

A.Hemadelargerobjectsformuseums.

B.Heproducedobjectsfordomesticuse.

C.Hefocusedonmakingsmallbowlsonly.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14.WhoareGrigoriLup'sregularcustomers?

A.Performers.B.Housewives.C.Businessmen.

15.WhydidGrigoriLupmakesuchshoes?

A.Toprotestagainsttherestrictions.

B.Tomakepeoplekeepsocialdistance.

C.Todrawattentionfromsocialmedia.

16.WhathappenedafterGrigoriLuppostedpicturesonsocialmedia?

A.Hewasteasedbyothershoemakers.

B.Hegotsomeordersacrosstheworld.

C.Hewasurgedtoproducedifferentstyles.

17.HowlongdoesittakeGrigoriLuptomakesuchapairofshoes?

A.Oneandahalfdays.B.Twodays.C.Threedays

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

18.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Thelocationofeachsession.

B.Theavailabilityofcoolingsystem.

C.Thearrangementfortheupcomingmeeting.

19.Whatdoweknowabouttheconferenceprogram?

A.Thenewversionhasbeensenttoattendees.

B.Amajorpresenterhasquitduetotheheat.

C.There*sachangeofplantosomesessions.

20.Whatactivitycanpeopledothere?

A.Havedrinkswiththemanagementbesidethepool.

B.Haveaprivatelunchat11:30inthediningroom.

C.Havefreesnacksservedalldayinthehotelcafe.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

A

Thesocialpurposeofthecopyrightsystemistoencouragecreativityandtheadvancementofknowledgeby

givingthosewhomakeintellectual（智力的）contributionsa"uniquerighttotheirwritingsanddiscoveries^^for

limitedtimes.Protectionisprovidedforamuchlongertimeforcopyrightsthanforpatents.TheU.S.Copyright

Lawof1976providesatermorthelifetimeoftheauthorplus50years.Itrecognizesthatthevalueofwrittenworks

oftenextendsoveralongertimethanthatoftechnologicaladvancesinthepublicarea.

Itisessentialtoregisterforformalcopyrightprotectioninordertohavesomedegreeofprotectionagainstthe

copyrightofone'sworksbyothers.Theprocedureforobtainingacopyrightregistrationisquitesimple一an

applicationissubmittedwithasmallfeeandtwocopiesofthework.Noexaminationismade,andthecopyrightis

immediatelyinforce.

TheCopyrightOfficewillprovideonrequestavarietyofleaflets（小册子）describingtheprocedureandgiving

informationabouttheclassesofsubjectmatterthatcanberegistered.

Thosearesubjecttoprotection:

(1)Booksandnewspapers(2)Lectures

(3)Dramaticcompositions(4)Films

(5)Maps(6)Worksofant

(7)Soundrecordings(8)Photographs

(9)Printsandlabels(10)Musicalcompositions

Thosearenotsubjecttoprotection:

(1)Ideas(2)Systems,methodsandplans

(3)Governmentpublications(4)Lawsandopinionsofcourts

YoucancontacttheCopyrightOffice()formoreinformation.

1.Inwhichaspectdocopyrightsdifferfrompatents?

A.Theapplicationfee.B.Thedurationofprotection.

C.Theintellectualvalue.D.Thecontributiontosociety.

2.Whichofthefollowingshouldyouprovideforcopyrightregistration?

A.Copiesofyourwork.B.Photosofyourself.

C.Introductoryleaflets.D.Examinationcertificates.

3.Accordingtothetext,theCopyrightOfficemayreject.

A.amovieaboutanewmethodoftimetravel

B.anoriginalmusicalcompositionforchildren

C.abookaboutone'sopinionsonAmericanlaws

D.anofficialdocumentissuedbythelocalcounty

【答案】l.B2.A3.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是版权制度，获得版权注册的程序和版权局接受和不接受的东

西。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Protectionisprovidedforamuchlongertimeforcopyrightsthanforpatents.(版权

的保护期比专利的保护期长得多。)”可知，版权和专利的保护期限不同，故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Theprocedureforobtainingacopyrightregistrationisquitesimple——anapplication

issubmittedwithasmallfeeandtwocopiesofthework.(获得版权注册的程序非常简单---提交申请，只需

支付少量费用和两份作品副本。）”可知，你应提供你作品的副本来作版权登记，故选A。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据Thosearenotsubjecttoprotection:部分的“Governmentpublications（政府出版物）”可

知，版权局可能会拒绝当地县政府发布的官方文件，故选D。

B

Onthedayhealmostdied,KimbalMuskhadfoodonthebrain.TheInternetstartuptalentandrestaurateur

hadjustarrivedinJacksonHolefromaconferencewherechefJamieOliverhadspokenaboutthebenefitsofhealthy

eating.ThiswassomethingMuskthoughtaboutalot-howhemightmakeadifferencetothefoodindustry-but

beyondexpandinghisfarm-to-tablemovementalongwithhisrestaurant,Muskhadn'tyetbrokenthecode.Thenhe

wentsailingdownasnowyslope（坡）andfellover,breakinghisneck.Theleftsideofhisbodywasparalyzed.

Muskeventuallymadeafullrecovery,butitinvolvedspendingtwomonthsonhisback,whichgavehimplenty

oftimetocomeupwithaplan.Sincethen,hehaslaunchedaninitiativetoput"learninggardens1'inpublicschools

acrossAmerica;attractedGenerationZtothefarmingprofessionbychangingshippingcontainersintohigh-tech,

data-driven,year-roundfarms;andthisyear,iskickingoffanewcampaigntocreateonemillionat-homegardens.

Aimedatreachinglow-incomefamilies,theMillionGardensMovementwasinspiredbythepandemic,asboth

adesiretofeelmoreconnectedtonatureandfoodinsecurityhavebeenattheforefrontofsomanypeople'slives.

nWeweregettingalotofinquiriesaboutgardeningfrompeoplethathadnevergardenedbefore,"saysMusk."People

werelookingtogardenforabunchofreasons:tosupplementtheirbudget,toimprovethenutritionalqualityoftheir

diets,orjusttocuretheboredomthatcamewiththelockdown."

Theprogramoffersfreegardenkitsthatcanbegrownindoorsoroutdoors,andwillbedistributedthrough

schoolsthatMusk*snon-profit,BigGreen,hasalreadypartneredwith.Italsooffersfreecoursesonhowtogetthe

gardengrowingandfreshseedsandmaterialsforthechanginggrowingseasons."IgrewupintheprojectswhenI

wasyoung,inwhatwenowcallfooddeserts,"saysEVE,oneofthemanycelebritieswhohaveteamedupwiththe

organizationtoencouragepeopletopickupafreegarden."WhatIloveaboutthisisthatit*snotdifficult.Weare

allabletogrowsomething."

4.WhatinspiredMusktobedevotedtofoodindustry?

A.Anaccident.B.JamieOliver'sspeech.

C.Thepandemic.D.Thefarm-to-tablemovement.

5WhatcanwelearnabouttheMillionGardensMovement?

A.Ithasjustaccomplisheditstarget.

B.Itincreaseseconomicburdensforthepoor.

C.Itmaybestimulatedbyalackoffoodsecurity.

D.Ithasmainlyattractedstudentsinpublicschools.

6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMusk?

A.Charitable.B.Dependable.C.Approachable.D.Knowledgeable.

7.WhyisEVEtakenasanexample?

A.Todemonstratetheprogramtobenon-profit.

B.Tosharehisexperienceinafooddesert.

CToencouragepeopletostartafreegarden.

D.Toclarifythereasonwhyhelovesagarden.

【答案】4.B5,C6.A7.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受JamieOliver演讲的启发后，创立百万个家庭花园，

鼓励和教授人们自己种植自己的食物，来让自己吃的食物更健康。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的"TheInternetstartuptalentandrestaurateurhadjustarrivedinJacksonHolefroma

conferencewherechefJamieOliverhadspokenaboutthebenefitsofhealthyeating.ThiswassomethingMusk

thoughtaboutalot—howhemightmakeadifferencetothefoodindustry（这位互联网创业天才和餐馆老板刚

刚参加完JacksonHole的一个会议抵达JacksonHole,会上主厨JamieOliver谈到了健康饮食的好处。这

让马斯克思考了很多——他如何能对食品行业作出改变）”可知，Musk在参加完JamieOliver的演讲之后

开始考虑对食品行业作出改变，即受到了这个演讲的启发。故选B。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的“Aimedatreachinglow-incomefamilies,theMillionGardensMovementwas

inspiredbythepandemic,asbothadesiretofeelmoreconnectedtonatureandfoodinsecurityhavebeenatthe

forefrontofsomanypeople'slives.（旨在帮助低收入家庭，百万花园运动受到疫情的启发，因为许多人生活

的首要问题是希望更多地与自然联系，以及粮食不安全。）”可知，MillionGardensMovement可能是由于

缺乏粮食安全而引起的。故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的“Aimedatreachinglow-incomefamilies（旨在惠及低收入家庭）”可知Musk创

立百万花园运动主要针对低收入家庭；由文章最后一段的“Theprogramoffersfreegardenkitsthatcanbe

grownindoorsoroutdoors（该计划提供可以在室内或室外种植的免费花园套件）”可知他免费给人们提供种

植套件；“Italsooffersfreecourses（它还提供免费课程）”可知Musk的计划还给人提供免费课程：综上所

述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意识的。故选A。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“力grewupintheprojectswhenIwasyoung,inwhatwenowcallfood

deserts,9,saysEVE,oneofthemanycelebritieswhohaveteamedupwiththeorganizationtoencouragepeopleto

pickupafreegarden."WhatIloveaboutthisisthatit*snotdifficult.Weareallabletogrowsomething.^^（“我小

时候在这些项目中长大，我们现在称之为食物沙漠，”伊芙说，她是许多名人之一，与该组织合作，鼓励

人们挑选一个免费的花园。“我喜欢这个的原因是它并不难。我们都能种点东西。”）”可推知，最后一

段用EVE的例子是为了鼓励人们开始免费的花园。故选C。

C

Peoplehavecometounderstandtheenormousimpacts-beneficialaswellasharmful-plasticshaveonhuman

livesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer（聚合物）scientistscommittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforreal-

worldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowe

couldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.

Everydayitemsincludingmilkjug,grocerybags,andtakeoutcontainersaremadefromaclassofpolymers

calledpolyolefins.Theseplasticsarereallydurable（耐用）becausethechemicalbondsinthosepolymersare

extremelystable.Inaworldsetupfordisposable（一次'性的）items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebut

ratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocesses

astheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbe

challengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn'trequirecomplex

technology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithoutthe

occasionalmistake.

InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuilding

blocks-onesoftpolymerandonehardpolymer-thatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.

Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule（分子）createswhafs

calledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,our

teamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.

Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuilding

blocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,they

performedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.Sowewereable

tocreatematerialswithsimilarpropertiesoftheplasticstheworldrelieson.Webelievethisworkisasteptoward

moresustainableplastics.

8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningplastics?

A.Theirmultipleuses.B.Theirchemicalproperties.

C.Theirrecyclingchallenges.D.Theirclassificationcriteria.

9.Akeyfactorofproducingdiversemultiblockpolymersis.

A.mixingbuildingblockswithlongmolecules

B.integratingchemicalsintothetwopolymers

C.combiningtwodifferentmultiblockpolymers

D.adjustingthepercentageofthetwopolymers

10.Whichisafeatureofmultiblockpolymers?

A.Theyaremadefromsustainablematerials.

B.Theycanberecycledbyaddinghydrogen.

C.Theirreliabilityoutperformstraditionalplastics.

D.Theirpropertieschangewithroundsofrecycling.

11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?

A.DesigningforRecyclingB.ClassifyingPlasticWaste

C.ReplacePlasticswithPolymersD.TechnologyCreatestheFuture

【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了聚合物科学家如何致力于解决塑料废物问题，通过重新设计

聚合物的结构以实现其可回收性。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Inaworldsetupfordisposable（一次性的）items,durabilityisnolongera

designfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwice

asmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,

whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfi'ommetaldoesn'trequire

complextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithoutthe

occasionalmistake.（在一次性物品的世界中，耐用性不再是一个设计特征，而是一个设计缺陷。想象一下，

如果今天使用的一半塑料可以通过两倍于现在的过程进行回收。此外，传统的回收需要对所有收集到的材

料进行仔细的分类，这对于这么多不同的塑料来说是具有挑战性的。例如，将纸和金属分开并不需要复杂

的技术，但将一个容器和一个牛奶罐中不同的聚烯燃进行分类却很难做到没有偶尔的错误。）”可知，文章

第二段主要讲述的是关于塑料回收的挑战。故选C。

【9题详解】

细节理解题o根据文章第三段“InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymers

withonlytwobuildingblocks-onesoftpolymerandonehardpolymer-thatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbe

chemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule（分

子）createswhafscalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothe

multiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefin

types.（在2023年10月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，我们描述了一系列聚合物，它们只有两种基

本成分——一种软聚合物和一种硬聚合物——它们的行为像聚烯烧，但可以化学回收。将两种不同的聚合

物多次连接，直到它们形成一个单一的长分子，就形成了所谓的多嵌段聚合物。通过改变多嵌段聚合物中

每种聚合物的含量，我们的团队生产出了各种各样的材料，其性能涵盖了所有类型的聚烯燃。）”可知，生

产多种多嵌段聚合物的关键因素是调整两种聚合物的含量。故选D。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthe

polymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersout

oftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemical

recycling.（使用相同的策略，但通过添加氢，我们可以将聚合物分离回它们的组成部分，并轻松地将它们分

离出来再次使用。当我们用这些回收塑料制成新的聚合物时，即使经过几轮化学回收，它们的性能也和原

始材料一样好。）”可知，多嵌段聚合物可以通过添加氢的方式被分离出来再次使用。故选B。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Peoplehavecometounderstandtheenormousimpacts-beneficialaswellas

harmful-plasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer（聚台物）scientistscommittedtoinventing

sustainablesolutionsforreal-worldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingtheway

polymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.（人们已经开始了解塑料对人类

生活和环境的巨大影响，既有有益的，也有有害的。聚合物科学家致力于为现实世界的问题发明可持续的

解决方案，我们开始通过重新思考聚合物的设计方式来解决塑料垃圾问题，这样我们就可以制造出具有可

回收性的塑料。）”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了聚合物科学家如何通过重新设计聚合物的结构来解

决塑料废物问题，以实现其可回收性。文章强调了设计的重要性，并介绍了如何通过特殊的化学方法制造

和回收一种新型的多嵌段聚合物。因此，最能概括文章主题的标题应该是强调“设计”和“回收”这两个

关键词的。故选A。

D

Inrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebecomecommonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidthey

didn'tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator（作恶者）.Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity（匿名）oftheInternet

providescoverfornastyandharassing（骚扰）behavior.

Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourrealhumannature?Arewe-atourcore-

aggressivebeasts?Ifstruethathatecrimesareontherise,andpoliticaldivisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevel

ofpublicbittemess-especiallyonline-issubstantial.ButIdon'tbelievethat'sbecausesocialmediahasunlocked

ourcruelhumannature.

Asanevolutionaryanthropologist,Ihavespentyearsresearchingourtransformationasaspecies.Overthe

pasttwomillionyears,wehaveevolvedfromgroupsofapelikebeingsarmedwithsticksandstonestothecreators

ofcars,rockets,andnations.Ourbiggerbrainshaveallowedustobondandcooperateinmorecomplexanddiverse

waysthananyotheranimal.Meanwhile,acyouarewhomyoumeet."Howweperceive,experience,andactinthe

worldisshapedbywhoandwhatsurroundusonadailybasis.Thisprocesshasdeepevolutionaryrootsandgives

humanswhatwecallasharedreality.

Iwouldarguethattheriseinonlineaggressionisaproductofourevolutionarysocialskills,thesocialmedia

boom,andthespecificpolitical,economicandsocialcontextwherewefindourselves.Thisexplosivecombination

hasopenedupaspaceforincreasinglymorepeopletofantheflamesofaggressionandinsultonline.Aggressive

behavior-especiallytothoseyoudon,thavetoconfrontface-to-face-iseasierthanit'severbeen.Andforthe

aggressor,thereareoftennoconsequences.

Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthafsnotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatour

core.It'sbecausewehaven'tbeenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromoting

pro-socialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraphtworeferto?

A.Hatecrimesontherise.B.Growingpoliticaldivisions.

C.Considerableonlinebitterness.D.Thetransformationofhumans.

13.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsocialmedia?

A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Approving.D.Ironic.

14.Whatdoestheauthorproposetoaddresstheissueofgrowingaggression?

A.Embracingouraggressivenaturetocompeteintoday'sworld.

B.Strengtheninglawstoholdperpetratorsresponsiblefortheironlineactions.

C.Promotingpositivebehaviorsandinteractionsinbothreal-lifeanddigitalspaces.

D.Focusingonlyonreducinganonymityontheinternettoreduceoffensivebehavior.

15.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?

A.Theimpactofsocialmediaonsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofevolutiononourbehavior.

C.Thereasonsbehindrisingonlineaggression.

D.Thefactorsinthesocialmediadevelopment.

【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，

还是社交媒体的过错。

【12题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Doesthisgrowingaggressiononsocialmediagiveusaglimpseofourreal

humannature?Arewe-atourcore-aggressivebeasts?Ifstruethathatecrimesareontherise,andpolitical

divisionsappeartobegrowing.Thelevelofpublicbitterness-especiallyonline-issubstantial.（社交媒体上日益

增长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，

政治分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。）”可知，that指上文公众

相当高的痛苦程度。A.Hatecrimesontherise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B.Growingpoliticaldivisions日益严

重的政治分歧；C.Considerableonlinebitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D.Thetransformationofhumans人类

的转变。故选C。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据一段中“Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity（匿名）oftheInternetprovidescoverfor

nastyandharassing（骚扰）behavior.（大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。）”和

第二段中“Thelevelofpublicbitterness-especiallyonline-issubstantial.ButIdon'tbelievethafsbecause

socialmediahasunlockedourcruelhumannature.（公众的痛苦程度---尤其是在网上---是相当高的。但

我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。）”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击

性行为提供了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比

较公正客观的。故选B。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworldisgettingmoreaggressive,butthafsnotbecausewe

aremoreaggressiveatourcore.It'sbecausewehaven51beenstandingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressive

harassment,andpromotingpro-socialattitudesandactionsourcontemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandon

socialmedia,wemustdoboth.（是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。

这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行

动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。）”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社

会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出

来与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段"Inrecentyears,aggressiononsocialmediahavebecome

commonplace.Morethanhalfofthevictimssaidtheydidn'tknowtheidentityoftheperpetrator（作恶者）.

Mostpeopleagreedthattheanonymity（匿名）oftheInternetprovidescoverfornastyandharassing（骚扰）

behavior.（近年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身

份。大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。）”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增

加，很多人认为始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“ButIdon'tbelievethat'sbecausesocialmediahas

unlockedourcruelhumannature.（但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。）”作者提出是不

是因为人类本性好斗呢？他不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的

社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes,itseemsthattheworld

isgettingmoreaggressive,butthafsnotbecausewearemoreaggressiveatourcore.Ifsbecausewehaven'tbeen

standingupagainstbullying,abuse,andaggressiveharassment,andpromotingpro-socialattitudesandactionsour

contemporaryworlddemands.Inpersonandonsocialmedia,wemustdoboth.（是的，这个世界似乎变得越来

越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，

没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两

点。）”作者呼吁大家行动起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击

行为背后的原因，故选C。

第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

HowtoPlotaShortStory

Agreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.

16Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttoworkyourwaytoward.You'llwind

upwiththingsyouneverimaginedatthestart.Followthesestepstoplotyournextstory.

Brainstorm.Youdon'tneedtohavemultipleshortstoryideasreadytogoatamoment?snotice.17

Whenthatideacomestoyou,sitdownandfleshitout.Makenoteofanycharacters,settings,orbitsofdialogue

thatyousee.

18Thefoundationsofyourmainconflictorthemeoftenformashortstory'srisingaction.To

createtensionandmovement,youmustknowexactlywhatyourcharacterwantsandwhatwouldpreventthem

fromgettingit.Conflictscanbeinternalorexternal,soimagineatwhatstagethereaderwillbemeetingyour

character.

Createabriefoutline.Sketchout（草拟）theflowofeventsyourshortstorywillcontain,including

interactionsbetweencharactersandkeymoments.Writedownidentifyingcharacteristics.Butwhenitcomesto

drafting,pickyourmomentsofbackstorycarefully.19

Pickapointofview.Manyshortstoriesworkwellinfirst-personbecauseoftheirbrevity（简洁）.

20Ifyourstoryneedstobetoldinsecond-personorthird-person,thatworks,too.Regardlessofwhich

POVyouchoose,ifsusuallybesttocenterthatnarrativearoundonemaincharactertoensureaconsistentreadon

thesituationathand.

A.Selecttherightcharacter.

B.Writeoutthecentralconflict.

C.Allyouneedisonesolidconcept.

D.Butthere?snohardandfastrulesayingyoursmust.

E.Shortstoriesallowthefreedomtoexperimentbecauseoftheirfreestyle.

F.Plottingashortstorydoesn,thavetoinvolveadetailedlistofplotpoints.

G.Tomakethecut,apieceofinformationmustcontributetothestory'scentralevents.

【答案】16.F17.C18.B19.G20.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了策划短篇故事情节的方法。

【16题详解】

上文“Agreatshortstorydropsthereaderintoitsworldswiftlyandholdstheirattentionallthewaythrough.（一

个好的短篇故事会让读者迅速进入它的世界，并始终吸引他们的注意力）”说明一个好的短篇故事需要快

速吸引读者并保持其注意力，以及下文"Itcanbeassimpleasknowingafewkeymomentsyouwanttowork

yourwaytoward.（它可以很简单，只要知道你想要努力实现的几个关键时刻）”说明短篇故事的情节设计可

以很简单，只需要知道几个关键点，F项“策划一个短篇故事不一定要列出详细的情节要点。”符合上下

文逻辑，起到了承上启下的作用。故选F。

【17题详解】

上文“Youdon'tneedto