2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷含答案带详解套卷98

2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1.单选题

TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.

ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsarecareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertainties,introducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmaritalbreakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.

Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage一tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesinthenearfuture.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.

Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1998and1999havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2010.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastablepopulationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirationwillexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthenewcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrol,thenewsisencouraging.

1.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis（）.

2.Thesentence“Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive”impliesthat（）.

3.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis（）.

4.Thepopulationinthenewcentury,accordingtothewriter,（）.

问题1选项

A.highlypaidjobs

B.women’sdesireforindependence

C.expensesofchildraising

D.highdivorcerate

问题2选项

A.foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensive

B.pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetime

C.toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobs

D.socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive

问题3选项

A.birthcontrol

B.thedesiretoseekfortuneincities

C.theinstabilityofmarriage

D.thechangedplaceofwomen

问题4选项

A.willbesmallerthanafewyearsago

B.willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpect

C.willprovetobeathreattotheworld

D.willnotcontinueasseriousaproblemasexpected

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:...providefreelaborforchildraising.”美国出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。

2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由此可以推断，抚养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Alongwiththem...inEuropeinthe19thcentury.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不会像预期的那样严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。

2.单选题

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

问题1选项

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。discreet“谨慎的,小心的”;discrete“离散的;独立的”;separated“分开的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;单独的”。句意:这些小公司现在都有了它们自己独立的身份。选项B更符合句意。

3.单选题

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“laugh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

问题1选项

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

问题2选项

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

问题3选项

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

问题4选项

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。

3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。

4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。

4.单选题

Whensheenteredtheroom,thesmellofherperfumeimmediately（）theroom.

问题1选项

A.distributed

B.penetrated

C.pervaded

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配,散布”;penetrate“渗透,穿透”;pervade“遍及,弥漫”;perish“使麻木,毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间,她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

问题1选项

A.pickingup

B.copingwith

C.passingout

D.gettingacross

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。pickup捡起，获得；copewith处理，应付；passout昏倒，分发；getacross通过，使被理解。根据下文，让清洁女工把打印好的小纸条寄出去让寄件人稍后再写。这是处理邮件的一种方式，所以选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Hesoonregainedhisself-confidenceforhefoundhimself（）toothersinmanyrespects.

问题1选项

A.better

B.worse

C.superior

D.inferior

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。

7.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）.

问题1选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

问题2选项

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion

问题3选项

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue

C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes

D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization

问题4选项

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

问题5选项

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”创造性科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。由此可知，把不同的现象连贯地联系起来是高度的创造性科学所产生的结果。选项D符合原文。

2.信息判断题。根据第二段的末尾几句可知，贝多芬并没有推翻任何基本规则。相反，他是一个无与伦比的谋略家，他以惊人的独创的方式，利用了他从前辈如海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫那里继承来的规则、形式和惯例。所以选项D符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据关键词“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛罗伦萨卡米拉塔的歌剧，尽管具有显著的历史重要性，但很少有听众或音乐学家会把它们列入伟大的音乐作品之中。也就是说不被普遍认为具有很高的审美价值，选项B与原文表述一致。

4.观点态度题。根据第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而，将非凡的创造力超越既定限制的观点应用到艺术上是有误导性的，尽管它可能适用于科学。由此推断，作者的态度是怀疑的，选项A正确。

5.细节推理题。根据段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”创新科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联，选项C符合原文。

8.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（）withthelawwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.comply

B.conceal

C.consent

D.abide

【答案】A

【解析】动词搭配。complywith“遵守,顺从”;conceal“隐藏,隐瞒”;consent“同意,赞成”;abide“持续,忍受”。句意:不用说,拒绝遵守法律的人都将受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacitiesaredifferent.Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.Theothersensesarelargelyancillary;mostofusdonotknowhowwemightgoabouteitherdoubtingorbelievingournoses.Butfordogs,scentingisbelieving.Adog’snoseistooursasthewrinkledsurfaceofourcomplexbrainistothesurfaceofanegg.Adogwhodidcomparativepsychologymighteasilyworryaboutourconsciousnessorlackthereof,justasweworryabouttheconsciousnessofasquid.

Wewhotakesightforgrantedcandrawpicturesofscent,butwehavenolanguagefordoingittheotherwayabout,nowaytorepresentsomethingvisuallyfamiliarbymeansofactualscent.Mosthumanscannotknow,withtheirlimitednoses,whattheycanimagineaboutbeingdeaf,blind,mute,orparalyzed.Thesightedcan,forexample,speakofablindpersonas“inthedarkness,”butthereisnocorollaryexpressionforwhatitisthatweareinrelationshiptoscent.Ifwetriedtocoinwords,wemightcomeupwithsomethinglike“scent-blind.”Butwhatwoulditmean?Itcouldn’thavethesortofmeaningthat“color-blind”and“tone-deaf”do,becausemostofushaveexperiencedwhat“tone”and“color”meaninthoseexpressions,butwedon’tknowwhat“scent”meansintheexpression“scent-blind.”Scentformanyofuscanbeonlyatheoretical,technicalexpressionthatweusebecauseourgrammarrequiresthatwehaveanountogointhesentenceswearepromptedtoutteraboutanimals,tracking.Wedon’thaveasenseofscent.Whatwedohaveisasenseofsmell—forThanksgivingdinnerandskunksandanumberofthingswecallchemicals.

SoifFidoandIaresittingontheterrace,admiringtheview,weinhabitworldswithradicallydifferentprinciplesofphenomenology.Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?

HeseesroughlythesamethingsthatIseebuthebelievesthescentsofthegardenbehindus.Hemarksthepathoftheblack-andwhitecatasshemovesamongtherosesinsearchofthebitsofchickensandwichIletfallasIwalkedfromthehousetoourpicnicspot.IcanshowthatFidoisalerttothekitty,butnothow,formypicture-makingmodesofthoughttooeasilysupplyfalsifyinglyliteralrepresentationsofthecatandthegardenandtheirmodesofbeinghiddenfromorrevealedtome.

1.Thephrase“Theothersensesarelargelyancillary”(Paragraph1)isusedbytheauthortosuggestthat（）.

2.Theexampleinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat“principlesofphenomenology”mentionedinParagraph3canbestbedefinedas（）.

3.Themissingphraseintheincompletesentence“Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?”refersto（）.

4.Theexampleinthelastparagraphisusedtoillustratehow（）.

问题1选项

A.onlythoseeventsexperienceddirectlycanbeappreciatedbythesenses

B.formanyhumanbeingsthesenseofsightistheprimarymeansofknowingabouttheworld

C.smellisinmanyrespectsamorepowerfulsensethansight

D.peoplerelyonatleastoneoftheirothersensesinordertoconfirmwithwhattheysee

问题2选项

A.rulesoneusestodeterminethephilosophicaltruthaboutacertainthing

B.behaviorscausedbycertainkindsofperception

C.waysandmeansofknowingaboutsomething

D.effectofsingleindividual’sperceptiononwhatothersbelieve

问题3选项

A.colorblindness

B.perceptionoftheworld

C.concernforourperception

D.depthperception

问题4选项

A.adog’sperceptiondiffersfromahuman’s

B.peoplefearnaturebutanimalsarepartofit

C.adog’swaysofseeingaresuperiortoacat’s

D.phenomenologyisuniversalandconstant

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据上文“Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.”对大多数人来说，眼见为实，尽管我们偶尔会思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者紧接着提及“othersensesarelargeancillary”其他感官主要是辅助。由此可知，作者是主要是强调，视觉是认识世界的主要方式，选项B正确。

2.信息推理题。最后一段作者将自己和狗狗进行对比，虽然他们看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗还可以通过嗅觉感知周围的世界，而人类主要是依靠视觉，这说明“现象学原理”指的是一种了解某事的方式和方法。选项C正确。

3.信息推断题。根据上文“Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.”风吹到我们的背上，世界平行的呈现在我们面前。这是我们感知世界的一种方式，而狗狗同样也能以这种方式感知到世界，所以选项B符合原文。

4.信息归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，狗狗可以通过嗅觉标记出猫在花园中寻找食物的路径，而作者只能通过视觉来寻找。由此可知，说明狗与人感知世界的方式是不同的。选项A符合原文。

10.单选题

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。

11.单选题

Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder（）oflaw.

问题1选项

A.guideline

B.definition

C.constraint

D.identity

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。guideline“指导方针”;definition“定义,解说”;constraint“约束,强制”;identity“身份,特性,一致”。句意:生产商迫于法律的约束不得不把钱退还给客户。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Bothtelevisioncommercialsandprogramspresent（）viewofthematerialworld,onewhichpromotesastandardoflivingthatmostofuscanprobablynotattain.

问题1选项

A.astandardized

B.anunrealistic

C.abetter

D.aninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“mostofuscanprobablynotattain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语境。

13.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,（）theircleanness,toughness,andlowcost.

问题1选项

A.inadditionto

B.byvirtueof

C.asopposedto

D.forthesakeof

【答案】B

【解析】介词短语含义辨析。inadditionto“除...之外（还有,也）”;byvirtueof“由于,凭借”;asopposedto“与…截然相反,对照”;forthesakeof“为了,为了…的利益”。句意:塑料袋用来装各种食物很有用,因为其卫生,结实,便宜。选项B符合语境。

14.单选题

TheancientGreekshadthenotionofscienceasmethodicalknowledge,（）anduniversallyvalid.

问题1选项

A.compellinglycertain

B.compelcertain

C.completecertain

D.verysure

【答案】A

【解析】副词搭配。句意:古希腊人认为科学是一种有系统的知识，具有令人信服的确定性和普遍有效性。根据后面的“universallyvalid”可推测，填空处也应该为副词+形容词的搭配，所以首先排除选项B和C，compellingly与certain搭配使用,表示“令人信服地确定”的意思。所以选项A更符合语境。

15.单选题

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近义词辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句,也可接不定式短语,不定式中的动作发生在claim之前,则用不定式完成式。所以选项D正确。

16.单选题

Greenmeanshealthyoutsideofhospitals,too.Officeworkerswithnatureviewsaremore（1）abouttheirjobs,lessfrustrated,inbetterhealthandmoresatisfiedwiththeir（2）,accordingtoonestudy.Accordingtoanother,prisoninmateswhosecellslookedoutonfarmfieldsneededfarlesshealthcarethanthosewhosecellsfaceda（3）internalcourtyard.Psychologistshavefoundthatexposure（4）trees,streamsandothernaturalfeaturesimprovesconcentration,creativityandemotionalfunctioning.Inonestudy.FrancesKuo,PhD,apsychologistwho（5）theLandscapeandHumanHealthLaboratoryattheUniversityofIllinois,andhercolleaguesshowedthat20-minutewalksacrossleafycityparkseasesADHD（6）inkids.Afewyearsago,Kuoandherresearchpartnerstestedchildreninahigh-riseChicagopublic-housingprojecttoseeifaviewofnaturefromtheirapartmentshelpedthempsychologically.（7）withgirlswholookedoutonbrickandasphalt,girlswhosawtreesfromtheirwindowsconcentratedbetter,actedless（8）andweremoreabletodelaygratification.That（9）betterself-discipline,Kuosays,whichcouldhelpgirlsbetterhandlethe（10

）thatcometheirwayastheygrowupintheprojects.TheIllinoisresearchersalsoshowedthatareasofthepublic-housingprojectwithtreesandgrasshadlowerlevelsofcrime,（11

）violence,noise,litterandgraffiti(涂鸦).“Whenyouputallthesethingstogether,it’sapictureofahealthierneighborhood,”Kuosay.Greenerneighborhoodsmayevenimprovethe（12

）physicalhealthoftheirresidents.Dutchscientistscrosscheckedtheself-reportedhealthof10,000peoplewiththegreennessoftheirneighborhoods.After（13

）fortheirincome,ageandotherfactorsthataffecthealth,theyfoundthatpeopleingreenerneighborhoodswerehealthier.Inanotherstudy,elderlyTokyoresidentsweresignificantlymorelikelytosurvive（14

）anotherfiveyearsiftheirneighborhood（15

）walkableparksandtree-linedstreets.

问题1选项

A.keen

B.eager

C.zealous

D.enthusiastic

问题2选项

A.lives

B.alive

C.live

D.living

问题3选项

A.blight

B.bleak

C.bleach

D.blemished

问题4选项

A.for

B.to

C.from

D.at

问题5选项

A.directs

B.improves

C.helps

D.satisfies

问题6选项

A.frustration

B.features

C.emotions

D.symptoms

问题7选项

A.Comparing

B.Compare

C.Compared

D.Tocompare

问题8选项

A.inpulsively

B.dispulsively

C.impulsively

D.unpulsively

问题9选项

A.amountupto

B.addsupto

C.isupto

D.livesupto

问题10选项

A.challenges

B.career

C.professions

D.task

问题11选项

A.domestic

B.forensic

C.explicit

D.metropolitan

问题12选项

A.totally

B.partial

C.overall

D.whole

问题13选项

A.account

B.accounting

C.accounted

D.havingaccounting

问题14选项

A.from

B.in

C.up

D.for

问题15选项

A.retained

B.attained

C.detained

D.contained

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:D

【解析】（1）固定搭配。beenthusiasticabout为固定搭配，表示“热衷于,对...充满热情”。keen后面一般接on；eager一般与to搭配；zealous一般与for搭配。所以选项D正确。

（2）名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指对他们的生活感到更满意。只有选项A表示生活；alive“活着的”；live“活的，直播的”；living表示“生计，生活方式，生存之道”。所以选项A正确。

（3）形容词词义辨析。blight“枯萎，荒芜”；bleak“阴冷的,荒凉的”；bleach“漂白”；blemished“有瑕疵的,有污点的”。根据句意可知填空处应为形容词修饰花园。只有选项B符合原文。

（4）固定搭配。Exposure通常与to搭配,表示“暴露于”。原文指的是处于某种环境中，所以选项B正确。

（5）动词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指管理实验室的心理学家，选项A符合原文语境。

（6）名词词义辨析。根据句意：在树木繁茂的城市公园散步20分钟可以缓解儿童多动症的症状。选项D符合原文语境。

（7）语法知识。考查comparingwith和comparedwith的区别。当句子的主语是被比较的对象时,用comparedwith；当句子的主语是比较动作的发出者时,用comparingwith。句中的主语为girls，为被比较的对象,所以用compared。选项C正确。

（8）形容词词义辨析。根据原文句意：看到树木的女孩们注意力更加集中,行为不那么冲动。选项中只有impulsively表示“易冲动的”。其他三个选项均拼写错误。所以选项C正确。

（9）动词词组辨析。amountupto“至多”;addupto“总计达”;isupto“从事;忙于”;liveupto“实现,达到”。根据原文可知，本句是对上一句的递进说明，表示还会提高自律性。选项D正确。

（10）名词词义辨析。根据句意：这可以帮助她们更好地处理成长过程中遇到的挑战。选项A符合原文语境。

（11）固定搭配。domesticviolence为固定搭配，表示“家庭暴力”。

（12）形容词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指提高居民整体的健康状况。totally完全地；partial局部地；overall全部的，强调全面综合的；whole完整的，强调事物完好无缺。所以选项C更恰当。

（13）语法知识。此处考查动词account的各种形式。空格前面是介词after，所以后面只能接名词，代词或动名词，所以空格处应该是用动名词形式。选项B正确。

（14）介词搭配。survive与for搭配使用,表示“存活……”,后一般跟时间。选项D正确。

（15）语法理解题。retained保留，保存；attained获得，达到；detained扣留；contained包含。根据句意：”如果东京的老年居民所在的社区有可步行的公园和绿树成荫的街道...”可知，选项D更符合语境。

17.单选题

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientist