英语-并列连词和状语从句-课件

1并列连词1.并列连词可以连接两个对等的(或平行的)词、短语或句子,常用的并列连词有：⑴表示联合:and(同,和),when(就在这时),notonly...but(also)...(不仅……而且……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……).2024/6/142⑵表示选择:or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),orelse(否则),either...or(不是……就是)⑶表示转折:but(但是,可是,只是因为),yet(可是),not...but...(不是……而是……)⑷表示因果:for(因为)和so(所以,因此)⑸表示对比:while(而,却)2024/6/1432.三点注意：

⑴so不与because连用。⑵but,while不与although连用,但yet,still可与although连用。⑶notonly...butalso...连接两个句子时,前一分句用部分倒装。2024/6/144类型从属连词时间状语从句when(当……时),while(在……期间)，as(随着,一边……一边……),before,after,since,till/until,whenever,assoonas,themoment等原因状语从句because(因为),as(由于),since(既然),now(that)(既然),seeing(that)(由于,鉴于),considering(that)(考虑到),giventhat等1.引导状语从句的从属连词：状语从句2024/6/145条件状语从句(as...)as,(notas/so...)as,than等目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,incase，lest(免得,以防)等结果状语从句sothat(以致,结果)so/such...that等地点状语从句where(在……的地方),wherever(在……的任何地方)等比较状语从句(as...)as,(notas/so...)as,than等2024/6/146方式状语从句as(按照,像……那样),asif或asthough(好像)让步状语从句although,though,as,while(虽然),evenif/though(即使),whatever,wherever,however,whenever(=nomatterwhen无论何时),whether...or...(无论……还是……)时间状语从句找出下列句中的时间状语1.Shewasbornin1989.2.IwaswatchingTVat8:00lastnight.3.Iwentouttheclassroomatonce.4.Hehasbeenasoldiersince1941.9时间状语从句的位置ShecouldspeakEnglishwhenshewas6.Whenshewas6,shecouldspeakEnglish.句首，句尾均可句尾，不用逗号句首，加逗号与主句隔开连接词when的用法1when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性)。Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseashore.2

when表示“就在这时”

在下列结构中，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。beabouttodo…when…bedoing…when…Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmomcamein.连接词while的用法1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，在……期间，往往指一段时间。如：Whileweweretalking,hecamein.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.

3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。※while含义：WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_______)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.(while=_______)WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=___________)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=_______________)whenalthoughaslongasbut15as

随着…/在…同时

As

the

sun

rose,

the

fog

disappeared.太阳一出来雾就消散。They

came

into

the

garden

as

the

music

stopped.音乐声一停，他们就走进花园。16as

一边…一边…

He

smiled

as

he

passed.他路过的时候笑了一下。

He

saw

that

she

was

smiling

as

she

wasreading.他看到她一边看着书一边笑。

17Sumup:

when，while，as区别

一、

when+延续动词或瞬间动词；

while只能和延续性动词连用；表一段时间（长情景）

as+延续动词或瞬间动词（随着…,…边…边…)（短情景）18when,whileoras?①Sorry，Iwasoutwhenyoucalledme．（call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。②Strikewhiletheironishot．趁热打铁。

（is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态③Thestudentstooknotesastheylistened．（listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。19when,whileoras？二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。

1.动作一先一后发生，用when①Whenhehadfinishedhishomework，hetookashortrest．当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。②WhenIgottotheairport，theguestshadleft．当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。212．从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续动词时，when，while，as都可使用。

①When／While／Asweweredancing，astrangercamein．当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。②When／While／Asshewasmakingaphonecall，Iwaswritingaletter．当她在打电话时，我正在写信。

223．当主句、从句动作同时进行，表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意时，只能用

as。①Asthetimewenton，theweathergotworse.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越糟糕。②Thelittlegirlssangastheywent．小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。

234．在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。

①Iwilllendyouthebookwhenhereturnsit．他把书还我，我就借给你。②Whenthemanagercomeshereforavisitnextweek，I‘lltalkwithhimaboutthis．下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。

till/until引导的时间状语从句1.肯定句：…till/until…直到…表某动作一直持续到某时间才停止（主句的谓语动词时延续性动词）Ihavetostayhereuntiltherainstops.IwatchedTVuntilmymotherreturnedlastnight.2.否定句not…until…直到…才…(not可以用表示否定意义的词代替，比如never,nothing,seldom等)表示某动作一直持续到某时间才开始（主句的谓语动词是非延续动词）Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.

注意1.till不可以置于句首，until可以eg:UntiltheclassisoverIreadthebook.2.notuntil在句子开头时要用倒装NotuntilyoutoldmedidIknowthetruth.271.表示时间的名词短语：1)一些含有time的名词短语，如every

time,

each

time,

next

time,

anytime,the

first

time等，以及the

day,

the

year,

the

morning等。The

day

he

returned

home,

his

father

was

already

dead.

Next

time

you

come,

please

bring

your

composition.

282)名词短语the

moment,

the

minute,

the

instant,

thesecond等也可引导一个时

间状语从句，相当于as

soon

as的意思。He

jumped

off

the

couch

the

moment

the

telephone

rang.

TheinstantIsawher,Irecognizedher.292.

immediately,

directly,

instantly用作连词,

引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas.

They

phoned

me

immediately

they

reached

home.Directlyyoufeelanypains,youmustgotothedoctor.before用作连词

1．before用作连词时，意思是“在……之前；还没来得及……就”。例如：

BeforeIcouldsayaword,shehadrushedoutoftheroom.

不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。

Don’tcountyourchickensbefore

theyarehatched.

不要高兴得过早。

2．用于It+willbe+时间段+before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。例如：

ItwillbefiveyearsbeforeIcomeback.

如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不多久……就”。

Itwon’tbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother.

3．还有“趁……（还没有）”之意。例如：

Theyarethinkingofbuyingthehousebeforethepricesgoup.

Doitbeforeyouforgetit.

二、before用作介词

before用作介词时,可以指时间“earlierthan在……之前”，也可以指位置“infrontof在……之前”。SeveralweekshadgonebybeforeIrealizedit.在我意识到之前几周已经过去了。

Hewasbroughtbeforethejudge.

他被带到法官面前。

三、before用作副词

before用作副词时，意思是“atanearliertime/inthepast以前”。例如：

I’veseenthefilmTitanicbefore.我以前看过《泰坦尼克》这部电影。

beforelong“很快，不久”各种时态

longbefore“很久以前”一般用在过去时或过去完成时

①Beforelong,hewenttoAmerica.不久他就去了美国。

Ihopetoseeyoubeforelong.我希望不久后再见到你。

②Shesaidshehadreadthenovellong

before.她说她很久以前就读过这部小说。

考点:易混淆句型itis+时间+sincebeforewhenthatItisfiveyears_____hehasfinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyearslater_______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwas5o’clock_____hegothome.Itwasat5o’clock_____hegothome.whenthatsincebeforethat1.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater

___Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that2.Itwasnearlyamonth_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.

before3.Itwasnearly9o’clock_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.

4.Itwasnearlyat9o’clock

_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.

whenthatSince用法一.用作介词，意思是“从……以来，自从”，常与完成时连用。

Ihaven’twrittenhomesinceChristmas自圣诞节以来，我未曾写信回家。二.用作副词，意思是“从那时以后(一直到现在)”，“其后(到现在之间)”;eversince从那以后一直(更加强调since的用法)。Thingshavenotchangedverymuchsince.从那时起，情况并没有太大的改变。Hisfirstbookwasagreatsuccessandhehasbeenfamousasawritereversince.他的第一本书非常畅销，从那时起他就成了一位名作家。2.引导时间状语从句，此用法较复杂。(1)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性动词(如go，come，leave，start，begin等)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作开始的那一时刻起”。Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.自从来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。(2)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的静态动词(如live，stay，study，learn，smoke，be等)的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从该动作或状态的完成或结束时算起”。如：Ihaven'theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.从他离开这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。试翻译比较：HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIfellill.(3)若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词或静态动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻)，其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIhavebeenill.havebeenill表示状态的持续性（理解时注意与⑴区别），时间的起点应从：“开始生病”时算起。因此此句可理解为：“自从我生病以来，他经常给我写信。”

试比较翻译：I'vewrittenher20letterssinceIhavebeenhere.(从开始算起)I'vewrittenher20letterssinceIwashere.(从结束算起)

(4)Itis+段时间+since.../Ithasbeen+段时间+since...表示“从……起已有多长时间了”。用法注意：since从句中常用一般过去时，若从句中是持续性动词的一般过去时，则表示该动作结束有多长时间了。Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他不吸烟已有3年了。

Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Once作连词时，也相当于assoonas，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。everytime,eachtime每次whenever每当Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.bythetime

bythetime也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到…时为止”，主句一般要用完成时态。Ishallhavefinishedmyworkbythetimeyoureturn.在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。（从句为一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。）Nosoonerthan---一……就……Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanhewentawayagain.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain..nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…1. It was quiet ___ those big trucks started coming through the town.A.when  B. after C. until  D. unless2. It seemed only seconds ____ the boy finished washing his face.  A. when  B. before C. after D.if3. Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrain B.rainsC.rained D.israined4. _____ you begin, I think you must continue.A. When  B. Whenever C. Once   D. Even if 5. I recognized you ______ I saw you at the airport.  A. the moment B. while C. after  D. once 6. He was about to go to bed ________ the doorbell rang.  A. while  B. as C. before  D. when7.________I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.  A. Every time B. When C. While 

D. Until 8. __ John was watchingTV, his wife was cooking. A. As 

B. As soon as C. While 

D. Till  9.The thieves ran away ___ they caught sight of the police. A. while  B. as soonasC. before  D. when  10.It was not _____ he took off his glasses that I recognized him. A. as  B. when C. while  D. until二、地点状语从句地点状语从句主要用于回答Where?的问题，可以由where(在…的地方)，wherever(无论什么地方)，anywhere(无论何处)以及everywhere(到处)等连词来引导。地点状语从句一般置于主句之后

Sitwhereveryoulike.你爱坐哪儿都可以。Keepitwhereyoucanseeit.把它放在你看得见的地方。Heliveswheretheclimateismild.他住在一个气候温暖的地方。根据强调的需要，anywhere,everywhere和wherever也可以(where则一般不可以)放在句首Anywhereshegoes,hegoestoo.不论她去哪儿，他也去哪儿。WhereverIamlwillbethinkingofyou.我不论在哪儿，都会想你的。where一般表示一个确定的但非特指的地点。如：ThechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaRomantemple.教堂建在曾一度是罗马神庙的地方NexttimeIhopeyou’llgowhereItellyouto.下次我希望你去我告诉你去的地方wherever,anywhere和everywhere表示“任何地方”。Withaspecialtrainticketyoucantravelwherever/anywhere/everywhereyoulikeinEuropeforjustover￡100.你如持有专车票，仅花一百多一点英镑，就可以到欧洲各地旅行。1.When

you

read

the

book,

you’d

better

make

a

mark

___

you

have

any

questions.A.

at

which

B.

at

whereC.

the

place

where

D.

where

2.She

found

her

wallet

_____

she

lost

it.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that3.The

school

was

built

____

there

had

once

been

a

church.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that

4.You

should

let

your

children

play

____

you

can

see

them.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that

5.You

should

make

it

a

rule

to

leave

things

____you

can

find

them

again.A.

when

B.

where

C.

then

D.

there6.Now

he

works

in

the

factory

____

his

father

used

to

work.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

in

which

D.

that

8.

—Mom,whatdidthedoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where9.

Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp____thereishumansuffering.A.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever10.Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where三、原因状语从句原因状语从句，常用的引导连词有

because(因为),as(由于)和since(既然)。(1)because:语气最强，回答why时用because，所表示的是直接理由，因果关系不能同so连用。because的从句常放在主句之后—Whydidyougo？—IwentbecauseTomtoldmetogo.(2)

since:“既然…..”表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Sinceyoufeelill,you'dbetternotgotowork.(3)

as:“由于….”语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。Asitwasraininghard,wehadtobeindoors.

because和for的区别。for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。

【误】Forhedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.【正】Becausehedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.because,since,as的区别1.because语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构Itis/was…that原因状语从句中，宜用because。另外，because还常和副词just，merely等连用。2.since往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。3.as表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。As从句通常放在主句前。Youshouldn’tgetangryonlybecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。Sinceyouarenotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouaboutit.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。Asyouareunabletoanswerperhapsweshouldasksomeoneelse.因为你不能回答，也许我们该问一问别的人。注意：because等词不能与so连用。Becausehewascareless,sohefailedintheexam.×Becausehewascareless,hefailedintheexam.√Hewascareless,sohefailedintheexam.√词组引导原因状语从句1.nowthat意为“既然”，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。Nowthatyou’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.既然你有了机会，你要充分利用它。2.seeingthat,consideringthat和inthat引导原因状语从句这几个连词同since,as近义，都有“鉴于某个事实，原因”是之意。Consideringthathe'sonlybeenlearningEnglishayear,hespeaksitverywell.Seeingthathewasill,theysentforthedoctor.3.notthat…butthat…引导原因状语从句这是一种加强语气的表示原因的结构，意为“不是因为，而是因为”NotthatIdon'tlikethefilm,butthatIhavenotimeforit.Thesoldier'sessentialhonorwasnotthathekilledhisenemy,butthathewaswillingtodie.1.Themancan’tgetonthebus______thereisnoroomonit.A.thoughB.becauseC.until

Dsothat2.____herdaughterhadn’tcomeback,_____shelookedworried.A.Because,/B.Because,soC.Though,butD.Though,/3._______you’vegotachance,youmightmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas4.Hefounditdifficulttoread,_______hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or5.Amancannotsmilelikeachild,________achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.A.soB.butC.andD.for引导目的状语从句的从属连词有sothat,inorderthat(为了，以便)；四、目的状语从句Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchensothathecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。Thesemenrisktheirlivesinorderthatwemaylivemoresafely.这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。辨析：inorderthat引导的状语从句可以放在句首、与句尾，而sothat引导的只能放在句尾；如果从句主语与主句主语一致都可转换成不定式。*lest,forfearthat和incase引导目的状语从句这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。forfearthat和incase从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。incase---万一Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Pleasetakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.Lest---以防万一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.Themanageroftheworkshopaskedhisstafftoworkovertimelesttheywouldn’tfinishthetaskontime.1.Heleftin___ahurry___heforgottolockthedoor.A.such,thatB.so,that

C.such,as

D.so,when2.Youmustimproveyourstudymethod_____youmaymakeprogressinyourstudies.A.soastoB.inordertoC.so

D.inorderthat3.ThePrimeMinistergottotheplatformandsatdown,____toanswerthe

questions.A.preparingB.beingpreparingC.preparedD.toprepare4.Theydemandedariseintheirwages___upforthe____costofliving.A.tomake,increaseB.made,increasedC.tobemade,increasingD.making,increasing5.---Whydidyoumovethetableoverthere?---____thenewsofa.A.TomakeroomforB.ShareroomwithC.GivenroomtoD.

Savingroomfor6.Myparentsliveinasmallvillage.Theyalwayskeepcandlesinthehouse____thereisapowerout.A.if

B.unlessC.incase

D.sothat7.I’dliketoarrive20minutesearly_____Icanhavetime

foracupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresult

C.incaseD.sothat8.You’dbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor____youhavetowait.A.evenif

B.asifC.incase

D.inorderthat10.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn

B.tolearnC.learned

D.learning五、结果状语从句1、sothat，so…that,such…that引导结果状语从句Heworkedhardsothathepassedtheexam.他学习很努力，结果通过了考试。Hespokeforsuchalongtimethatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他讲了那么长时间，人们开始打起瞌睡了。2、so…that与such…that的区别这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。（1）单数名词such+a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。Sheissuchagoodteacherthatallofusloveher.=Sheissogoodateacherthatallofusloveher.（2）不可数名词或复数可数名词如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。HemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglish.(不可数名词)Theyaresuchinterestingbooksthatweallwanttoreadthem.(复数可数名词)（3）如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。Georgehadsolittlemoneythathehadtogetajob.(不可数名词)3、but,butthat和butwhat

如果主句中含有never,neverso,notso,notsuch等否定词，可用but,butthat和butwhat引导结果状语从句，构成双重否定，相当于that...not或unless，可以译成“没有.....不”。Shenevercomesbutsheborrows.=Shenevercomesunlesssheborrows.她不借东西不来。3、如何判断sothat引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句（1）当表达的含义是“为了”、“以便”时，为目的状语从句；当表达的是“以至于”、“因此”含义时，为结果状语从句。Ifyoudoknow,answerinaloudenoughvoicesothatalltheclassmayhear.(目的状语从句)Itrainedhardthedaybeforeyesterday,sothat

shehadtostayathome.(结果状语从句)（2）当从句的谓语动词有情态动词can,could,may,might等时，是目的状语从句；当从句里没有情态动词，且谓语动词是一般现在时（过去时）、现在完成时等时态时，是结果状语从句。WestoppedatSaltLakeCitysothat

wecould

(might)

visitthemonumenttoseagulls.(目的状语从句)Theyhavewalkedalongway,sothat

wearealltired.(结果状语从句)。（3）当从句之前的sothat可用inorderthat代替时，是目的状语从句；反之，是结果状语从句。Wenowstudyhardsothatwemayworkwellinthefuture.(=Wenowstudyhardinorderthatwemayworkwellinthefuture.(目的状语从句)(4)当sothat之前有逗号时，是结果状语从句；反之，是目的状语从句Thestoryisveryinteresting,sothat

Ilikeitverymuch.(结果状语从句)1.Theteachertoldus____funnystory____wealllaughed.A.sucha,thatB.such,thatC.soa,thatD.so,that2.Theheadmasterspokeslowly_____wecouldunderstandhim.A.suchthatB.becauseC.sothat

D.when3.Theworkerswork____

hard___

theydon’thaveadayoffevenontheweekend.A.too,thatB.such,thatC.so,thatD.as,that4.Heworkedsoquietly_______nooneknowshewasthere.A.which

B.afterC.as

D.that5.Afterwakingforfourhours,hewas_____tired_____moveon.A.as,asB.too,toC.sothatD.not,enough6.Jimdidn’trun_____tocatchupwithotherrunners.A.enoughfastB.sofastC.fastenoughD.fastlyenough7.Thereis____muchbirdfood_____

itcanlastfortwomonths.A.such,that

B.so,thatC.sucha,thatD.so,to

8.Shewas____welldressedthatsheattractedeveryone’sattentionattheparty.

A.so

B.quite

C.too

D.very9.Whenthefirebrokeout,manypeoplewereso_______thattheyran_______.A.frightening;wildB.frightened;wildC.frightened;wildlyD.frightening;wildly10.Itwas___musicthatIlostmyselfinit.A.suchabeautiful

B.sobeautifula

C.sobeautiful

D.suchbeautiful11.Ilikethepopstar_______thatInevermisshisconcert.A.verymuch

B.toomuch

C.quitemuch

D.somuch12.Wearrived______latethattherewerenoseatsleft.

A.much

B.too

C.so

D.very比较状语从句常用than或as…as引导。than表示两者的比较，as…as表示程度相同。如：I’mtallerthanTomis.我比Tom高。HerunsasfastasIdo.他和我跑得一样快。六、比较状语从句than后面的人称代词用主格？什么情况下用宾格？一、如果主句谓语是不及物动词，than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格均可，且意义无区别。ShedrawsbetterthanI(me).

要注意如果人称代词后面有all时，人称代词一般用宾格。Shedrawsbetterthanthemall.二、如果谓语是及物动词，且than后面的名词或代词又与动词连用时，than后面的人称代词只能用主格。Helovesthedogmorethanhiswifedoes.三、如果主句谓语是连系动词be,than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格均可，但意义无区别。HeistallerthanI(me).他比我长得高。四，如果主句谓语是及物动词，than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格均可，但句意不同。Iliketheboybetterthanshe.=Iliketheboybetterthanshelikestheboy.我比她更喜欢那个男孩。Iliketheboybetterthanher.=IliketheboybetterthanIlikeher.我喜欢那个男孩胜过喜欢她。必背：常见的比较句型。

Ournewschoolisthreetimesbiggerthantheoldone.

我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。

Ournewschoolisfourtimesasbigastheoldne.

我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。

Ournewschoolisfourtimesthesizeoftheoldone.

我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。七、让步状语从句1、evenif,eventhough,although，though引导的让步状语从句

evenif和eventhough带有较强的意味，都不能和but连用，但可以和yet,still或nevertheless连用。evenif，eventhough所接的句子常用虚拟语气。Wewon'tgiveupevenifweshouldfailtentimes.

Hewentouteventhoughitwasraining.2、as或though引导让步状语从句（1）由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序Proudasthesenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.（2）如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词12-year-oldgirlassheis,shehashadagoodcommandofEnglish.Childasheis，heknowsalot.(3)如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前TryasImight，Icouldn'tliftthestone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。Praisedashewas,heremainedmodest.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。（4）如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词(原形)放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do,does,did或will。Tortureherastheydid,theenemygotnothingoutofher.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。Failashedid,hewouldnevergiveup.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。注:但是，如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。Againandagainashefailed,hedidn'tloseheart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon'tthinkheactedwisely.我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。3、由nomatter+wh词和由疑问词＋ever引导让步状语从句由nomatter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however，whenever，wherever等,他们相当于nomatter+what（which，who，how，when，where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。We'llhavetofinishthejob,however(nomatterhow)longittakes.不管需要多长时间，我们都一定完成这项工作。Nomatterwhat(Whatever)youdo,don‘ttellhimthatItoldyouthis.无论你做什么，别告诉他我对你说过这件事。4、由whether．．．or引导让步状语从句由whether．．．or引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。Ishallgo,whetheryoucomewithmeorstayathome.Whetherwelikeaparticularpieceofnewsornot,allwehavetodoissitinfrontofthetubeand“letithappen”.Although,though---虽然although和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Althoughitwasraining,theplanemanagedtotakeoff.Althoughitwasnothisfault,hetookalltheblame.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.Childthoughhewas,hedidquitewell.Evenif/eventhough---即使Evenifyoudon’tlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.Evenifyouarenotfondofflowers,youshouldn’tmissthechrysanthemumexhibition.EventhoughImightbewrong,Iwillgomyway.Eventhoughhisdeandidn’tmeanit,hestillfeltembarrassed.However---不论，however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装Hecouldn’tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.Thefathercouldn’tmakehisdaughtersmilehoweverhardhetried.Nomatter(what,when,where,how)---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）Theoldmanwouldn’tbelieveanythingnomatterwhatyousaid.Pleasetellmetheresultnomatterwhenyougetit.Hewouldn’tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.Iwillfindyounomatterwhereyouhide.Whatever---不管Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewon’tchangehermind.Whateveryoudo,itwon’taffectourplan.While---尽管Whileit’snoneofmybusiness,Iwillwatchyou.WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Ican’thelpyou.Whether---不管，常与ornot连用Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad.Whetherhisproposalispracticalornot,thedepartmentplanstoadopt.1Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit____theseason.Awhatever

BwhereverCwhenever

Dhowever2Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,____theyknewittobevaluable.Aasif

BnowthatCeventhough

Dsothat3____Ireallydon'tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.AAs

BSince

CIf

DWhile4____hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.ASince

BUnless

CAsDAlthough5____Ihavesomesympathyforthem,Idon'tthinktheyarerighttodoso.AAs

BIf

CWhileDWhen7Whatatightvolleyballgame!Welostit____wealltriedourbest.Abecause

BthoughCuntil

Dunless8Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I'llbuyit,____.AhowmuchmayitcostBnomatterhowitmaycostChowevermuchitmaycostDhowmayitcost9Allpeople,____theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.Aevenif

BwhetherCnomatter

Dhowever10Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,____theyaredifferentfromyourown.Auntil

BevenifCunless

Dasthough11____wellpreparedyouare,you

stillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.AHowever

BWhateverCNomatter

DAlthough12____hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.AWhatever

BWheneverCWherever

DHowever13____theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.AIf

BWhileCBecause

DAs14____youdecidetospendyourholidays,onethingiscertain,youwillgettoyourdestination,freshandsafe.AWhatever

BWhoeverCWherever

DWhichever15____,Icouldnotmemorizethetext.

AHoweverharddidItryBHoweverhardItriedCHoweverItriedhardDHoweverIhadtriedhard16____thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthimAAlthough

BAslongasCIfonly

DAssoonas17____Iadmitthatproblemsaredifficult,IamsureIcanworkthemout.AWhile

BAsCSince

DBecause18---Mywatchstoppedagain.

---Youshouldhaveitrepaired,____it'sworkingnow.

Aaslongas