北师大版高中英语必修四第3讲：Unit10-Money-语法篇(学生版)

Unit10Money语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、不定代词。2、不定式。不定代词some/any/no=1\*GB3①some,any作“一些，某个”讲，表示不确定的或未知的数量数目，可用在可数名词和不可数名词前。some通常用于肯定陈述句中，any用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。例：Shepickedsomeflowersfromthegarden.Doyouhaveanymoneywithyou?=2\*GB3②some可用在表示邀请或请求的句子中，表示希望对方给予肯定回答。例：MayIaskyousomequestions?=3\*GB3③any用于肯定句中，表示“任何（一个）的”。例：Youmaycomeatanytime.=4\*GB3④no=nota/notany，作定语，后跟可数名词或不可数名词。例：Ihavenochoice.Alotof/lotsof/plentyof/many/much=1\*GB3①alotof,lotsof,plentyof意为“许多，大量的”，可用于可数名词复数和不可数名词前。例：Alotofpeoplesaythattheylivefornopurpose.Youneedtowearlotsofwarmclothes.Thereisplentyoftime.=2\*GB3②many后跟可数名词复数，much后跟不可数名词。例：HespeakssomeChinese,butnotmuch.Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?all/none;both/neither;either=1\*GB3①all指三个或三个以上的人或事物，both指两个人或物，在句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，同位语或定语。例：Weareallstudents.Allofusshouldworkhard.=2\*GB3②both和all都可直接修饰名词。名词前有限定词时，其前只能用bothof或allof。例：Bothofbrothersareclever.=3\*GB3③neither意为“（两者）都不”；none意为“没有人，一个也没有”；either表示“两者之一”或“（两者中的）任何一个”，用于单数名词，of+宾格人称代词或带限定词的复数名词前，作主语，宾语或定语。例：Neitherofusisadoctor.Noneofthebooksarehelpful.Herearetwobrushes.Useeither.Another/other/theother/theothers=1\*GB3①another表示三者或三者以上中的另一个，意思是“再一，又一”。一般接可数名词单数。例：Lucy,wouldyoulikeanothercake?=2\*GB3②other泛指“其他的，另外的”，可接复数名词；复数形式others表示“另一些”，相当于other+名词。例：Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?Somearecarryingwater,othersarewateringthetree.=3\*GB3③theother指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one…theother…结构；theothers特制一定范围内的“其余的人或物”。例：Mr.andMrs.Shutehavetwochildren.Oneisadaughter,andtheotherisason.Ihavegottenpencils.Twoofthemarered,theothersareblue.不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to+动词原形”，其中to是动词不定时的符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。不定式具有动词的特征，可和后面的名词等构成不定式短语；不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语，补足语，定语，状语。不定式作主语：=1\*GB3①不定式作主语，表示特指的一次性动作。Tosayisonething;todoisanother.=2\*GB3②为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语—动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.不定式作宾语：=1\*GB3①英语中agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等动词后需接不定式作宾语。Thegovernmentdecidedtorebuildthedamagebridge.=2\*GB3②decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。Thedriverwonderedhowtostartthecarinsuchacoldmorning.不定式作表语=1\*GB3①不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。Mywishistojointhearmyaftergraduation.=2\*GB3②如果主语是不定式，表示条件，表语也应用不定式，表示结果。Toseeistobelieve.=3\*GB3③如果主语的中心词是aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,wish等，或是以wish引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对其作补充说明。Hisjobistofeedanimals.不定式作宾语补足语：=1\*GB3①英语中advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,force,forbid,get,order,permit,persuade,require,teach,tell,want,wish,warn等动词后常接不定式作宾语补足语，且不定式符号to不能省略。Sheaskedmetoaccompanyhertotheairport.=2\*GB3②不定式在动词let,make,feel,hear,see,observe等后作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to需省略。Theaccidentmadeusrealizethatsafetycan’tbeignored.=3\*GB3③动词help接动词不定式作宾语不足语时，不定式符号to可省略也可不省略。

Afterthedinnerhehelpedhismother(to)washupthedishes.不定式作定语：不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。=1\*GB3①主谓关系，被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。Weneedsomepeopletohelppickapples.=2\*GB3②动宾关系，被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。Ihavemanythingstodo.同位关系，不定式是对其所修饰的名词作解释说明。We’vemadeaplantospendtheweekend.不定式作状语：不定式作状语，可表示动作的目的，结果，原因，条件和方式。=1\*GB3①todo,inordertodo,soastodo都可表示目的，但todo,inordertodo的位置既可在句首，又可在句末；而soastodo只能放在句末。Ilefthomeatsevensoasto/inordertobethereontime.=2\*GB3②表结果，不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果，不定时的动作一般在句子末尾。=1\*GB2⑴表示终结性的动词find,see,hear,learn,discover的不定式，常表示出乎意料的结果，并且不定式前常有never,only等副词修饰。HearrivedinNewOrleanswithoutapennyinhispocketonlytofindthattherewerenoboatsforSouthAmerica.=2\*GB2⑵在“so+adj./adv.+as+todo”中。Thesceneryissobeautifulastoattractmanypeoplehereeveryyear.=3\*GB2⑶在“adj./adv.+enough+todo”中。HeranfastenoughtocatchupwithLiLei.=4\*GB2⑷在“too+adj./adv.(forsb.)+todo”中。It’stoomuchformetoabsorballatonce.=3\*GB3③表原因，不定式常在形容词afraid,glad,pleased,sad,worried,sorrow,surprised,excited等后面说明主语的某种心情，情感所产生的原因。Theyareverygladtosetfootontheirhomeland.例1.Theydon’tcometothebookclubanymore,for_____reasonsforothers.somealleitherboth例2.Neithersideispreparedtotalkto_____unlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.otherstheotheranotheroneother例3.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_____indailyconversation.usingtousehavingusedused例4.Theenginejustwon’tstart.Sometimesseems_____wrongwithit.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone例5.（2015北京丰台高三一模）Theroad_____nextweekleadstoHighway62.A.buildingB.tobuildC.tobebuiltD.built基础演练一，用some或any填空。—Whenshallwegotolookattheapartment?—Makeit_____dayyoulike;it’sallthesametome.2.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn’tanswer_____ofthem.3.—What’sthat?Itsmellsgreat!—It’smilktea.Wouldyoulike_____?4.Shegave_____ofthemeattothecat.5.Wedidthejobwithout_____difficulty.6.Dropinonmeat_____time.7.Ifhehadread_____ofthosebooks,hewouldhaveknowntheanswer.巩固提高一，单项选择。Hedoesn’thave_____furnitureinhisroom–justanolddesk.any B.many C.some D.muchThetwogirlsaregettingonverywellandshare_____witheachother.little B.much C.some D.noneIt’saneither-orsituation–wecananewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecan’tdo_____.others B.either C.each D.bothI’velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdon’tlike_____ofthemverymuch.either B.any C.each D.another—John,whenshallwemeetagain,ThursdayofFriday?—_____.I’llbeofftoLondonthen.either B.Neither C.Both D.NoneLarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,but_____ofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.either B.any C.neither D.noneYouareateamstar!Workingwith_____isreallyyourcupoftea.both B.either C.others D.theotherIfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn’tface____daylikethat.other B.another C.theother D.others单项选择。It’simportantforthefigures_____regularly.tobeupdated B.tohavebeenupdated C.toupdate D.tohaveupdatedMaryhastroubleinspeaking,whichmakesitdifficult_____herthoughtsandfeelings.express B.expressing C.expressed D.toexpressHetoldmethathisaimwas_____ajobaroundheretosupporthimselfwhilehestudiedintheuniversitythesedays.toget B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglostPassengersarepermitted____onlyonepieceofhardluggageontotheplane.tocarry B.carrying C.tobecarried D.beingcarriedWithsomanyproblems_____,Jacklookslikeacatonahottinroof.solved B.tosolve C.solving D.tobesolvedWithsomanythings_____,Ihavetoworklateintothenight.todealwith B.dealtwith C.dealingwith D.beingdealtwithTheability_____anideaisasimportantastheidesitself.expressing B.expressed C.toexpress D.tobeexpressedWiththeworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew_____withallbyourselveseveryday.deal B.dealt C.todeal D.dealingBird’ssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds_____away.tostay B.staying C.stayed D.stayTheoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_____anythingthathappenedtobeon.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatchedTomtookataxitotheairport,only_____hisplanehighupinthesky.finding B.tofind C.beingfound D.tohavefound（2015北京大兴高三一模）Thetopic_____attomorrow’smeetingisveryimportanttoallofus,soeveryoneshouldbehereontome.discussing B.discussed C.tobediscussed D.discuss（2015北京西城高三第一学期期末）____thetravellingneedsofpassengers,ChinaRailwayCorporationhasdecidedthatpeoplecanbooktickets60daysinadvance.Meet B.Tomeet C.Met D.Meeting（2015北京丰台高三第一学期期末）Peopleplantedtreesonthewastehills_____waterandsoilloss.todecrease B.decreasing C.decreased D.decrease（2015北京石景山高三第一学期期末）Scotlandvotedagainstindependence;morethanhalfofthepeoplechose____partoftheUnitedKingdom.remaining B.remained C.tohaveremained D.toremain__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，完形填空。IsetupaclassroomlibraryofbooksthatIbought1myownmoney.Thelibrarylooksbeautiful,likea2.Andmystudents3itverymuch.Ireadthechildrenastory.Itisaboutagirlwhois4poorthatshewearsthe5dresstoschooleveryday.Butshesaysshehasahundreddress6.Theothergirlslaughatheruntilshegoesaway.7,herclassmatesdiscovershereallyhasahundreddresses–ahundredbeautifuldrawingsofdresses.Oh,God,everychild8whenIclosethebook.9amomenteverythingisquiet.Thenaboy10inmyear,“Ihavetotelltheclasssomething.”HeshowsmethathehashalfafingerIturnhimtowardstheclassandputmy12onhisshoulder.Heisabit13.“I…Ionlyhavenineandahalffingers.”He14hishands.“Pleasedon’tlaughatmeaboutit.”Thestudentsbecome15.Thenoneboycallsout,“16whomakes17ofyou,I’llkickthem.”“Me,too,”says18.Whentheboyseestheclass19united(团结),heisvery20andsmilesatme.1.A.with B.in C.for D.use2.A.fruitshop B.booksh