2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期5月适应性考试英语质量检测试题（含答案）

2024届广东省深圳市高三下学期5月适应性考试英语质量检测试题注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWithsuchastrongartisticheritage,it’snosurprisethatEnglandknocksitoutoftheparkwhenitcomestoworld-classartgalleries.Thesearethegalleriesyouneedtoaddtoyourmust-visitlist.RoyalAcademyofArts(RA),LondonNotyourstandardgallery,theRoyalAcademyofArtsisledbyartiststopromotenotjusttheappreciationofart,butitspractice.Itisworld-famousforhostingsomeexhibitionsthatgeteveryonetalking.Besides,whatsetstheRAapartisitsengagementwiththepublicthroughparticipatoryexperiences,allowingvisitorstonotonlyviewartbutbecomepartofitininnovativeways.SainsburyCentreforVisualArts,NorwichSittingontheedgeoftheUniversityofEastAnglia’scampus,theSainsburyCentreholdsacollectionofremarkableworksofartnningover2,000years.InsidetheseminalNormanFosterbuilding,you’llfindartworksfromaroundtheworld,includingsomestunningpiecesofEuropeanmodernartbyDegas,FrancisBacon,andAlbertoGiacometti.YorkshireSculpturePark,WestYorkshireTearinguptherulebookwhenitcomestohowwetraditionallyviewart,theYorkshireSculptureParkstrivestobreakdownbarriersbyshowingworksfromBritishandinternationalartistsintheopenair.SetinhundredsofacresofWestYorkshireparkland,you’llseesculpturesbysomeoftheleadingartistsofthe20thcentury.Whitworth,ManchesterAfterasky-high£15milliondevelopment,theWhitworthisbecomingoneofthepremiergalleriesinthenorthofEngland.Makingfulluseofitspicturesqueparksetting,thegalleryhasabeautifulartgardenandasculptureterrace(露台),allwaitingtobeexplored.Insidethegallery,youcanviewanexcitingprogrammeofever-changingexhibitions.21.WhatisspecialabouttheRoyalAcademyofArts?A.Itoffersinteractiveexperiences.B.Itdisplaysworksbyseniorartists.C.Itoccupiesavastceinthemuseum.D.Itstagesexhibitionsinatraditionalway.22.WhatdoYorkshireSculptureParkandWhitworthhaveincommon?A.Theyaresmallinscale.B.Theyofferoutdoorsettings.C.Theyfeaturelong-standingworks.D.Theyhostexhibitionsonanannualbasis.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Anarttextbook.B.Apersonaltravelblog.C.Atravelguidebook.D.Anartstudent’spaper.BItwasnotuntilphotographerRitaNanninileftNewYorkthatshegrewfascinatedbythecity’ssubways.WhilelivinginManhattanforsome15yearsinthe1980sandearly1990s,Nanninionlycommuted(通勤)ontheonetrain—giventhesubwaysystem’sbadreputation.ButafterrelocatingtoNewJerseyforseveralyearswheresubwayisnotanoption,Nanninifoundthatabsencedidmaketheheartgrowfonder—maybeevenforpizzarats.DuringhervisitbacktoNewYork,Nannininodded,noticingimprovementsinthesubway’sfacilities.WhileNanniniwaswaitingforatrain,abenchontheplatformoppositecaughtherattentionduetotheever-changingfacesandcharacters.Theywerepeopleofdifferentaccents,colorsandbeliefs.Theywerefromallwalksoflife,adiversemixofNewYorkersalltherefortheirowndifferentreasons.Havinglearnedtheteenagers’popular“EndoftheLine”challenge—boardingtrainsatrandomandridingthemuntiltheirfinaldestination,NanninidecidedtovisiteveryfirstandlaststopacrosstheNYsubway’slineswithherbelovedcamera.Nannini’s“EndoftheLine”experiencesawhertravelingsome665milesacross26routesinNewYorkcity.Shetookover8,000photosofthefinalstations,aswellasthecommunitiestheyserved.Inmanycases,sherodetheroutestwoorthreetimesovertoensureshegot“theshot”.“Theprojectreallyshowsmehowimportantthesubwayis,andhowsustainableitmakesourlives,”shesaid.“It’softensaidthatmyphotosshowtheendofthelines—thelaststops,”shesaid.“Buttheendofthelineisindeedthestartforsomanypeople.Thatmademethinkaboutwhothepeopleandthecommunitiesthatliveatthetwoendsareandwhatitisthatthesubwaymeanstothem.”Nanniniwasproudofhersetofimagesdirectlychallengingthetraditionsofstorytelling,whichechoedboththeboredomandexcitementoftravelontracks.Nanninienjoyedtakinghertime,startingherchallengein2013andonlyshootingthefinalphotoslastyear.HerfirstmonographontheterminalsoftheNYsubwaywasreleasedinApril2023.“Whenyoudriveinthesuburbs,youdon’thavethoseencounters,”shecontinued.“Peopleenteryourlifeonthesubway.That’swhatstrikesmemostonmyjourneyontracks.”24.HowdidNanninifindtheNewYorksubwayduringherrevisit?A.Itturnedoutfine.B.Itwasdepressing.C.Itstillheldthesamebadreputation.D.Itwouldbeheronlycommutingoption.25.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThediversityofNewYorkers’dailylife.B.TheinspirationforNannini’ssubwayshots.C.Thepopularityof“EndoftheLine”challenge.D.ThechallengesofNannini’sjobasaphotographer.26.WhatcanweinferfromNannini’s“EndoftheLine”experience?A.Herwayoftellingstoriesistraditional.B.Sheexpressedsympathyforthesubwayriders.C.Herphotographyishighlyexpectedbytheencounters.D.Shefoundlifeontrackswasmoreinterestingthanlifeonwheels.27.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.“EndoftheLine”Challenge:ANewTrendinNYSubwaysB.TheRoadHome:RitaNannini’sRecordofherSubwayRideC.LastStoptoNewStart:APhotographer’sRediscoveryofNYSubwaysD.NewYorkers’Routine:ASurprisingMixtureofBoredomandExcitementCPickupanypackagedprocessedfood,andthere’sadecentchancethatoneofitslistedingredientswillbe“naturalflavor”.Theingredientsoundsgood,particularlyincontrastto“artificialflavor”.Butwhatexactlydoesnaturalflavormean?Itreferstoextracts(提取物)gotfromnaturalsourceslikeplants,meatorseafood.Whenconsumerssee“naturalflavor”onalabel,theyareunlikelytoassumethatsomeoneissqueezingthejuicefromorangesintotheirbottles.Theyknoweventhoughnaturalflavormustcomefromnaturalsources,itneedn’tallcomefromtheplantormeat.Forexample,orangeflavormightcontainnotonlyorangeextracts,butalsoextractsfrombarkandgrass.Noristhecommonbelieftruethatingredientsextractedfromnaturearenecessarilysaferthansomethingartificiallymade.Soifflavorslikeorangeareneeded,whynotjustuseoranges?Theanswercomesdownto“availability,costandsustainability”,accordingtoflavorchemistGaryReinecciusoftheUniversityofMinnesota.“Ifyou’regoingtouseallyourgrapesongrapesoda,”Reinecciussays,“youdon’thaveanygrapesforwinemaking;theproductsaregoingtobeexorbitant;besides,whatdoyoudowiththeby-productsyoucreateafteryou’vesqueezedallthejuiceoutofthegrape?”Actually,whilechemistsmakenaturalflavorsbyextractingchemicalsfromnaturalingredients,artificialflavorsaremadebycreatingthesamechemicalsartificially.Thereasonwhycompaniesbothertousenaturalflavorsratherthanartificialflavorsissimple:marketing.“Manyoftheseproductshavehealthtitles,”saysPlatkin,professorfromHunterCollege.“Consumersmaybetalkedtobelieveproductswithnaturalflavorsarehealthier,thoughthey’renutritionallynodifferentfromthosewithartificialflavors.Naturalflavorsmayinvolvemoreforestclear-cuttingandcarbonemissionsfromtransportthanflavorscreatedinthelab.”Platkinsuggestsgettingmoretranrentlabelingonpackagingthatdescribesexactlywhatthenaturalorartificialflavorsare,soconsumersarenotmisledintobuyingoneproductoveranotherbecauseof“naturalflavors”.Reinecciusalsoofferssomesimpleguidance:“Don’tbuyanythingbecauseitsays‘naturalflavors’.Buyitbecauseyoulikeit.”28.Whichisamisunderstandingaboutthe“naturalflavor”juiceaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itcomesfrom100%originalfruit.B.Itisnothingbutadvertisingtricks.C.Itcertainlycontainsextractsmadeinthelab.D.Itisabsolutelysaferthanjuicewithartificialflavors.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exorbitant”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Popular.B.Expensive.C.Durable.D.Innovative.30.Whydocompaniesusenaturalflavorsintheirproducts?A.Tocutthecosts.B.Topromotethesales.C.Toadvocateahealthydiet.D.Toavoidfoodsafetyissues.31.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.GaryandPlatkinholdoppositeperspectives.B.Naturalflavorsaremoreenvironmentally-friendly.C.Naturalandartificialflavorsaremorealikethanyouthink.D.Customersaremisledforignoringlabelsonpackaging.DAnewstudyrevealsthatpigeons(鸽子)cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificialintelligence,enablingthemtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorizedthatpigeonsemployaproblem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartotheapproachusedinAImodelsbutdiffersfromhumans’relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,BrandonTurner,apsychologyprofessorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenewstudy.Inthestudy,thepigeonswerepresentedwithvariousvisualimages,includinglinesofdifferentwidthsandangles,anddifferenttypesofrings.Thepigeonshadtopeck(啄)abuttonontherightorlefttoindicatethecategorytowhichtheimagebelonged.Iftheygotitcorrect,theyreceivedfood;iftheywerewrong,theyreceivednothing.Resultsshowedthat,throughtrialanderror,thepigeonsimprovedtheiraccuracyincategorizationtasks,increasingtheircorrectchoicesfromabout55%to95%.Researchersbelievedpigeonsusedassociativelearning,whichislinkingtwophenomenawitheachother.Forexample,itiseasytounderstandthelinkbetween“water”and“wet”.“Associativelearningisfrequentlyassumedtobefartooprimitivetoexplaincomplexvisualcategorizationlikewhatwesawthepigeonsdo,”Turnersaid.Butthat’sexactlywhattheresearchersfound.Theresearchers’AImodeltackledthesametasksusingjustthetwosimplemechanismsthatpigeonswereassumedtouse:associativelearninganderrorcorrection.And,likethepigeons,theAImodellearnedtomaketherightpredictionstosignificantlyincreasethenumberofcorrectanswers.Forhumans,thechallengewhengiventaskslikethosegiventopigeonsisthattheywouldtrytocomeupwithrulesthatcouldmakethetaskeasier.Butinthiscase,therewerenorules,whichupsetshumans.“What’sinteresting,though,isthatpigeonsusethismethodoflearningthatisverysimilartoAIdesignedbyhumans,”Turnersaid.“Wecelebratehowsmartwearethatwedesignedartificialintelligence;atthesametime,weregardpigeonsasnotcleveranimals,”hesaid.32．Whatisthepurposeofthenewstudy?A.Totestatheory.B.Toevaluateamodel.C.Toemployastrategy.D.Tointroduceanapproach.33．Whatwerethepigeonsexpectedtodointheexperiment?A.Drawcircles.B.Correcterrors.C.Copygestures.D.Identifyimages.34．WhatdopigeonsandAIhaveincommonaccordingtothestudy?A.Theyareofequalintelligence.B.Theyaregoodatmakingrules.C.Theyrespondrapidlytoordersfromhumans.D.Theyemploysimplewaystogetthingsdone.35．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Pigeons’trial-and-errormethodisrevealedB.PigeonsoutperformhumansintoughtasksC.“Notsmart”pigeonsmaybeassmartasAID.AImodelsafterpigeons’learningapproach第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。RisksofOvertrainingGettingintoshapeandtrainingforaneventsuchasamarathonrequireslong-lastingandintensephysicalcommitment.36Butthetruthis,sometimestheveryactswedotogethealthycanactuallypushuspastourphysicallimits.Specifically,overtrainingisasetofsignsthatoccurwhenyourbodyisnotabletorecoversufficientlybeforegoingintoyournextworkout.37Peopletendtoignorethem.Overtime,thecycleofstartingthenexttrainingsessionbeforeallowingrecoverycausesbreakdownoftheverypartsofthebodythatyouworksohardtobuildup.Thestructuresandsystemsofyourbodyadapttothedemandsyouhaveplacedonthembeforetheresttime.Ifyourworkoutslightlygoesbeyondyourcurrentability,itwilladapttowardwhatyoudidinapositiveway.38.Twomainfactorsarenecessaryinrecovery:nutritionandrest.Goodnutrition,includingwaterandproteinintake,isextremelyimportant,especiallywithin40minutesofyourworkout.39Yourbodyusesthenutrientsyouhavegivenitduringtheresttimeespeciallysleep,tostrengthen.Oneofthebestwaystopreventovertrainingistofocusonyourmorningrestingheartrate.40Generally,youwilldetectanincreaseinyourheartratebeforetheothersignsshowup.Trackingitinalogcanbeagreatwaytomonitoryourrecovery.A．It’seasytomeasureandtrack.B．Allowingtimeforrecoveryisalsoessential.C．Theproblemisthattheyshowupverygradually.D．Belowarethesignsandsymptomsofovertraining.E．Listeningtoyourbodywillassureyouofyourfitnessgoals.F．Iffarbeyond,it’lltakelongertoadaptandmaycauseinjury.G．Wegenerallyassumeregularintenseexercisegoodforourhealth.第三部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasasunnySundayafternoon.Myhusbandwastakingcareofourbabygirlsothatmysix-year-oldsonandIcoulddosomeyardwork,justthetwoofus.Itwassuretobe41.Butsoon,thecloudsofmosquitosseemed42toourbugspray(喷雾).Iwassweating,itchy,andarguingwithmysonabouthowtopullweeds.Ihadtoldhimthe“right”way—gettingthoseweedsoutfromthebottom,bytheroots,43thementirely.However,mysonwentaboutthingsinhisownway.Hepulledthe44oftheweedsoff,movingquicklydownthelineashelefttheremainingpartstillinthesoil.Somehow,Ifoundthistobeincredibly45.Whycouldn’thedoitinmywayandsavemethetimeofhavingto46hisportion(部分)?Whydidhedoitatallifhewasn’tgoingtodoitproperly?“Ifyoudoastold,we’dbedoneearlierand47alongerperiodbeforewewouldhavetoreturnandpullweedsnexttime,”Isaid,tryingtokeepmytone48.Hewentbacktohiswork,shakingdirtfromhishandfulofgrowingthingsandthrowing49stemsintooursharedbasket.“Peopledothings…50,Mom,”hesaidinnocently.Myfiresoonfaded,replacedbythe51realizationthatI’djustreceivedavaluable52fromthepersonthatIwassupposedtobeteaching.Whiletryingto53mybabygirl,mykindergartener,andtheyardwork,54wasalifelineforme.Butmywaywas,perhaps,notthebestwayafterall.Histimeshouldn’tbe55.Hisjobwastobeakidandtakehistime,foraslongashewasable.41.A.relaxingB.disturbingC.urgentD.tough42.A.sensitiveB.resistantC.harmfulD.addicted43.A.removingB.packingC.coveringD.preserving44.A.rootsB.fibresC.topsD.points45.A.amazingB.boringC.annoyingD.confusing46.A.recycleB.redoC.identifyD.ignore47.A.clarifiedB.launchedC.repeatedD.promised48.A.nervousB.mysteriousC.lightD.loud49.A.longB.brokenC.dryD.useful50.A.differentlyB.separatelyC.hurriedlyD.honestly51.A.satisfyingB.correspondingC.depressingD.humbling52.A.behaviorB.warningC.reminderD.review53.A.raiseB.landC.teachD.balance54.A.efficiencyB.concentrationC.disciplineD.quality55.A.runoutofB.setlimitstoC.madeupforD.keptpacewith第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。EveryLunarNewYear,Chinaintroducesazodiac(生肖)signfromacycleof12luckyanimals.Thisyear,it’stheYearoftheDragon,ormore56(accurate),“theYearoftheLoong”.Thenwhat’sthedifference?TheWestern57(describe)ofdragonsas“fire-breathingwingedcreatures”wasinspiredbyliteraturesuchasBeowulf—anOldEnglishepicaboutaScandinavianhero58contributionwaskillingmonsters,includingadragon.Greekfairytalesalsopresenteddragons59violentseamonstersorguardsofvaluable60(possession).Bycontrast,“loong”,aword61(create)inthe19thcentury,remindspeopleofstrengthandfortune,andshould62(distinguish)fromitsWesterncousin.InShiji,632,000-year-oldChinesehistorybook,theemperor’smotherdreamedofadragonlyingonherbody,64(predict)thebirthofafutureemperor.Exactlyforthisreason,Chinesepeopleproudlyclaimtheyare“descendantsoftheLoong”.Therefore,somecultureexpertshavebeencallingforaswitchto“loong”65(tell)theChinesedragonfromthefrighteningmonstersofWesterntales.ThecallisalsoinlinewiththepushforculturalconfidencetochoosethepreferredtranslationoftheMandarinwordforacreaturelongrespectedinChineseculture.第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你校交换生Mike准备参加“厉害了，中国”(AmazingChina)短视频大赛，特发邮件向你征询视频创意。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．提出建议；2．阐明理由。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式作答。DearMike,_____________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Mikelickedthelastofthemintchocolatechipicecream.Itwasalmosttimetoleave.HejumpedintothecarwithhisparentsandheadedofftotheOlympic-sizedpoolforthebigswimmeet.Whenhisracecameup,Mikewasconfident.Hewasstrongandswift.Mikeclimbedoutthepool,smiling.Hehadjustwonfirstplace,makinghimthefastestboyinhisagegroup.“Congratulations,son,“hisfathersaid.Hismomgavehimahug,eventhoughhewassoakingwet.Aweeklater,itwastimeforanotherswimmeet.Likebefore,Mikedecidedtoenjoyhisfavoriteicecreamflavor.Mikerememberedthatthelasttimehehadwonarace,healsoatemintchocolatechipicecreamfirst.Maybehe’dwinagain.Hetookfirstplaceagaininhisrace.Mikewasfeelingprettygood.Asitturnedout,Mikedecidedtohavemintchocolatechipicecreambeforeeveryoneofthenextfewswimmeets.Hebegantothinkofitashisluckycharm.Afterseveralmonthsofplacinginthetoppositionsofeveryraceheswam,Mikewasfeelingunbeatable.Andhewouldn’tadmitit,butallthaticecreamwasaddingafewpoundstohisathleticswimmer’sbuild.Itdidn’ttakelongafterthatforMiketostartcominginsecondplace—andthenthird—andthenlastplaceinhisraces.Theluckymintchocolatechipicecreamhadlostitsmagic.Onthedayofhisnextswimmeet,hismothersatdownatthetablewithhim.“Mike,weallloveicecream,butit’snothealthyforyourbodytoeatsomuchofit.Maybeit’stimetoquitthesweettreatsforawhile,especiallybeforeyougoswimming.”Mikeunwillinglyagreed.Hewenttotheswimmeet,anddidn’tperformwell.Hisfatherofferedtogorunningwithhimafewdaysaweektohelphimfeelbetterandstrengthenhismuscles.Theextraweightsoondisappeared,andMikefoundhimselfbreathingeasieratswimpractices.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Paragraph1:Itwasthelastmeetoftheseason,andMikewasn’tsurewhattoexpect._____________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Finallycametheendoftherace._____________________________________________________________________英语试题