高中一轮复习英语北师大版选修八Unit22EnvironmentalProtection

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection一、刷黑板——eq\a\vs4\al(词汇全听写先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．*greenhouseeffect 温室效应2．ecologyn. 生态3．botanicaladj. 植物的4．consultantn. 顾问5．breweryn. 啤酒厂6．boycottn. (联合)抵制7．corruptadj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的[第二屏听写]8．conservationn． 保护9．consensusn. 一致的意见10．rayn. 光线11．bouncevi. 反弹12．pin(on)vt. 把责任加在(某人)身上13．*droughtn. 旱灾14．federaladj. 联邦的[第三屏听写]15．cushionn． 坐垫，靠垫16．pancaken. 薄煎饼17．hurricanen. 飓风18．*speciesn. (动植物的)物种19．*habitatn. 栖息地20．tortoisen. (陆)龟21．hookn. 钩子，钩[第四屏听写]22．wrapup 结束23．*Tibetanantelope 藏羚羊24．*Tibet 西藏25．*enforcevt. 实施，执行26．*landsliden. 滑坡，山崩27．*tsunamin. 海啸28．typhoonn. 台风[第五屏听写]29．grandadj. 巨大的30．*scalen. 规模，范围31．thunderstormn. 雷暴，雷雨32．rainfalln. 降雨量33．irrigationn. 灌溉34．offshoreadj. 在近海岸的35．catastrophen. 巨大的灾难[第六屏听写]36．clayn． 黏土37．brickn. 砖，砖块38．slipvi. 滑行39．mountainousadj. 多山的40．howlvi. 咆哮，怒吼41．rollvi. (平稳地)移动，滚动42．plugvt. 塞住43．plugone'sears 塞住耳朵[第七屏听写]44．quiltn． 被褥，被子45．*industrialisationn. 工业化46．*negativeadj. 消极的，负面的47．*soundproofadj. 隔音的48．warehousen. 仓库49．fragileadj. 易毁的；脆弱的50．pestn. 有害的动物51．validadj. 有充分理由的[第八屏听写]52．evolutionn． (生物)进化53．trunkn. 象鼻54．*tuskn. (象等动物的)长牙55．cuben. 立方体56．cubicadj. 立方的57.carvevt.&vi. 雕刻58．quaken. 地震59．mainlandn. 大陆Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第九屏听写]1．*endangervt. 危害2．trapvt. 使困住3．a_number_of 一些4．reserven. 保护区5．principlen. 原则，道德准则6．beyondprep. 超出7．beyond_one's_control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制8．*claimvt. 声称[第十屏听写]9．look_ahead 展望未来10．relevantadj. 有关的11．refer_(to)_ 指，意即12．in_turn_ 依次13．lead_to_ 引起，导致14．agriculturen. 农业15．coincidencen. 巧合16．sacrificevt.&vi. 牺牲；献出[第十一屏听写]17．condemnvt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地18．take_action 采取行动19．advocatevt. 主张，提倡20．recyclevt. 回收利用21．substituten. 代替品，代用品22．threatenvt. 威胁23._ahead_of_ 在……前面24．apart_from 除……以外[第十二屏听写]25．answer_for 对(已产生的不良后果)负责任26．seizevt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取27．call_for_an_end_to_sth._ 要求结束……28．or_else 否则；不然29．behalfn. 代表30．on_somebody's_behalf_ 代表……31．for_good_ 永远32．carry_off_ 掠去，夺走[第十三屏听写]33．all_in_all_ 总的来说34．changeableadj. 多变的35．result_in_ 导致36．roughadj. 艰难的37．separationn. 分离，分开38．meansn. 方法39．earn_one's_living 谋生40．constructvt. 建造[第十四屏听写]41．slidevi. 滑行42．fleevt.&vi. 逃走43．calculatevt. 计算，算出44．adoptvt. 采用45．considerateadj. 想得周到的，体贴的46．all_the_best 祝一切顺利47．politics_n. 政治(活动)48．sum_up 总结，概括[第十五屏听写]49．as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上50．financen. 资金51．allocatevt. 分配，配给52．break_away_from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)53．grandadj. 巨大的54．potentialn. 可能性，潜在性55．dustn. 尘土，灰尘56．armvt. 武装[第十六屏听写]57．carvevt.&vi. 雕刻58．reservationn. 保护59．*extinctadj. 灭绝的，绝种的60．*fashionableadj. 流行的，时髦的61．sharpenern. 卷笔刀62．sharpenvt. 削尖63．consultantn. 顾问二、刷清单——eq\a\vs4\al(热身自盘点再过基本应用关)(一)核心单词阅读单词1.ecologyn．生态2.botanicaladj.植物的3.consultantn._顾问4.corruptadj.贪污受贿的，腐败的5.conservationn.保护6.consensusn.一致的意见7.rayn._光线_8.droughtn.旱灾9.federaladj._联邦的10.hurricanen._飓风11.speciesn.(动植物的)物种12.habitatn.栖息地13.enforcevt.实施，执行14.scalen.规模，范围15.thunderstormn.雷暴，暴雨16.rainfalln.降雨量17.quaken．地震18.offshoreadj.在近海岸的19.evolutionn.(生物)进化20.mountainousadj.多山的21.validadj.有充分理由的22.fragileadj.易毁的；脆弱的23.negativeadj.消极的，负面的24.mainlandn.大陆表达单词1.endangervt.危害2.trapvt.使困住3.principlen.原则，道德准则4.beyondprep.超出5.relevantadj.有关的6.coincidencen.巧合7.condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8.sacrificevt.&vi.牺牲；献出9.advocatevt.主张，提倡10.recyclevt.回收利用11.substituten.代替品，代用品12.seizevt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取13.behalfn.代表14.meansn.方法15.fleev.逃走16.potentialn.可能性，潜在性17.claimvt.声称18.dustn.尘土，灰尘19.armvt.武装20.carvevt.&vi.雕刻[语境活用]1.Ifyoudon'tpayyourdebt,yourpropertywillbeseized(没收)．2.Theyhadbeentrapped(使困住)inthecavefor20daysbeforerescued.3.Whatacoincidence(巧合)thatwewereinNewYorkatthesametime！4.Thereportadvocated(提倡)thatallbuildingsshouldbefittedwithsmokedetectorsinyesterday'snewspaper.5.Inaformalfootballmatch,eachteamcanhavethreeplayerstosubstitute(替代)theirteammateswhennecessary.6.Wewillcondemn(谴责)thosepeoplefortheirmistreatingpets,suchasdogsorcats.7.ItwasnotuntilIpletedtheformthatIrealizedthathalfthequestionswerenotrelevant(有关的)tome.8.Allchildrenshouldbeencouragedtodeveloptheirfullpotential(潜能)．9.Youmustn'tsacrifice(牺牲)environmenttopromoteeconomicgrowth.10.Duringthecivilwarthousandsofpeoplefled(逃离)thecountry.拓展单词1.extinctadj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinctionn．灭绝，绝种2.fashionableadj.流行的，时髦的→fashionn．流行，时尚3.separationn．分离，分开→separateadj.分开的v.分离，分开4.constructvt.建造→constructionn．建造5.considerateadj.想得周到的，体贴的→considervt.考虑→considerationn．考虑→consideringprep.考虑到；鉴于6.adoptvt.采用；收养→adoptionn．收养；采用→adoptedadj.收养的7.reservationn．预订；保留；保护；疑惑→reserven．保护区vt.保留；预订→reservedadj.预订的，保留的8.agriculturen．农业→agriculturaladj.农业的9.changeableadj.多变的→changen.&v．变化10.financen．资金→financialadj.财政的；金融的11.allocatevt.分配，配给→allocationn．分配，配给12.politicsn．政治(活动)→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann．政治家13.sharpenvt.削尖→sharpadj.锋利的→sharpenern．卷笔刀14.calculatevt.计算，算出→calculationn．计算→calculatorn．计算器[语境活用]1.Theoldmanconsidershisdaughter­in­lawconsideratebecauseshealwaystakeseverythingintoconsiderationwhenshedealswithfamilyaffairs.(consider)2.Afteralongseparation,_theybothlivedaseparatelifeandintheendtheyseparatedpeacefully.(separate)3.Anewbridgeisbeingconstructedovertheriveranditsconstructionwillbefinishednextyear.(construct)4.Itisnotsafetoletthechildsharpenhispencilusingthesharpsharpener.(sharp)5.Mr.WhiteistheadoptedsonofMrs.Green,whoadoptedhimwhenhisparentsdied20yearsago.Thankstoheradoption,_Mr.Whitecouldreceiveagoodeducationandbecameanengineer.(adopt)6.Theworldischangeable,_andeverythingischanging.(change)7.Ifnecessary,studentsareallowedtocalculatethevolume(容积)ofthecontainerusingacalculator,_whichwillmakethecalculationsimpler.(calculate)8.Alargesumhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.Theallocationisofgreatimportancetoourschoollibrary'sconstruction.(allocate)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.a_number_of一些2.in_turn依次，轮流；反过来3.take_action采取行动4.lead_to引起，导致5.ahead_of在……前面6.apart_from除……以外7.answer_for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任8.carry_off掠去，夺走9.call_for_an_end_to_sth.要求结束……10.refer_to指，意即11.all_in_all总的来说12.earn_one's_living谋生13.as_a_matter_of_fact实际上14.look_ahead展望未来，向前看15.result_in导致16.on_somebody's_behalf代表……17.break_away_from摆脱；脱离(团体、组织、某种思想体系)18.sum_up总结，概括19.or_else否则，不然20.beyond_one's_control超出……的控制1.Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthis_in_turnaffectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.2.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrolthelecturewascancelled.3.Eatingtoomuchfatcan_lead_toheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.4.Ifwehumanbeingsdon'ttake_actiontoprotecttheearthfromnowon,we'llhavenowheretoliveinthefuture.5.We'llhavetoanswer_for_ourselfishnesssoonerorlater.6.As_a_matter_of_fact,_parentsdon'twanttheirchildrentobeintrouble.7.Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefer_to_thematteragain.8.Apart_frombeingtoolarge,thecolorandthestyleofthedresssuitmewell.9.Iwasencouragedtobreak_away_fromoldformsandrules.10.Youngpeopleoften_look_aheadtothefuturewhiletheelderlylookbackonthepast.11.Jobsearned_his_living_bysellingputerswhenhewas19yearsold.12.A_number_ofworldfamouspaintingsareonshowinthisexhibition.13.Ididn'tknowthathewasacheat;or_elseIwouldn'thavebelievedhim.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，使地球处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。含蓄条件句的虚拟。要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn't_have_won_the_first_placeintheEnglishSpeakingpetition.2.Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。given用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若”。考虑到目前的条件，我认为他已做得相当出色了。Given_the_present_conditions,_Ithinkhehasdoneratherwell.3.Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetoe.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。拟人修辞手法。天安门前的这两只石狮见证了许多重大的历史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tian'anmen_saw/witnessedmanygreathistoricevents.(四)初中考点再回顾高频考查类——记熟文化差异类——辨清易忘易错类——勤览1.rightnow现在2.rushout冲出去3.scarfn.围巾；头巾4.schooltrip学校郊游5.scoopn.勺子；铲子6.sendfor派人取/请1.beat_v．心脏跳动2.give_..._a_lift搭便车；捎一程3.indisbelief难以置信4.servemeacupofcoffee给我端上一杯咖啡5.serveas/for充当；担任6.workouttheanswer解出答案1.flashn．闪光灯2.maybeadv.可能3.maybe可能是4.asenseofdirection方向感5.asenseofhumour幽默感6.gooutofone'swaytodosth.特地做某事一、过重点单词——eq\a\vs4\al(纵引横联超人一点)1．reservevt.储备；保存；保留；预订，预约n.保护区；储备[教材原句]Breweriesareoftenbuiltinnaturereserves.啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区。[练牢基点]写出下列句中reserve的词性及含义①I'dprefertoreservemyjudgementuntilIfindalltheevidence.vt.保留②IcannotgetthebookIwantbutcanIreserveit？vt.预订③Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,istoreservewaterinascientificwayforfutureuse.vt.储备④JiuzhaigouValleyisanaturereservelocatedinChina'sSichuanProvince.n．保护区[系统考点](1)reservesth.forsb./sth. 为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)inreserve 贮存；备用(3)reservationn. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)makeareservation 预订(座位、房间等)withoutreserve/reservation 毫无保留地(4)reservedadj. 预订的，保留的bereservedfor 留作，(专)供……之用[练通重点]单句语法填空⑤—Haveyoureservedatableforusinadvance,Mary?—Oh,IforgottotellyouIhavemadeareservationforyou.Youwillhaveareservedtablewheneveryougetthere.(reserve)完成句子⑥Wealwayskeepsomemoney_in_reserve,_justincase.我们总是存些钱，以防万一。⑦Theyacceptedtheproposal_without_reserve/reservation.他们毫无保留地接受了这个建议。一句多译你必须提前订票吗？⑧Doyouhavetoreserve_ticketsinadvance?(reserve)⑨Doyouhavetomake_a_reservation_of_ticketsinadvance?(reservation)2．seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺取[经典例句]Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.她试图夺他的枪。seizesth.fromsb. 从某人那里夺过某物seizesb.bythe... 抓住某人的……seizeon/upon 抓住，利用seizeachance/anopportunity 抓住机会[多角练透]单句语法填空①Beforehecouldrunaway,sheseizedhimbythecollar.②Theyseizedon/upontheexcusetogetoutofthetrouble.完成句子③Weshouldseize_the__chance/opportunity_to_work_hardtoachieveourgoals.我们应抓住机会努力实现我们的目标。④Tom_seized_the_letter_from_herandbegantoreadoutloud.汤姆从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。3．substitutevt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品[教材原句]Afterall,there'snosubstituteforourEarth.毕竟，没有任何东西可代替地球。(1)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA 用A代替/取代Bsubstitutefor 代替，取代(2)asubstitutefor... ……的替代品[题点全练]完成句子/一句多译①Larrysubstituted_for_the_colleaguewhowassick.拉里代替了那位生病的同事。②InChinamanypeopleuseteaas_a_substitute_for_coffee.在中国，很多人用茶作为咖啡的替代品。在我看来，我们必须用一把新椅子换掉这把坏椅子。③AsfarasI'mconcerned,wemustsubstitute_a_new_chair_for_the_broken_one.④AsfarasI'mconcerned,wemustsubstitute_the_broken_chair_with/by_a_new_one.4．trapvt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套[教材原句]Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect,theEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。[练牢基点]写出下列句中trap的词性及含义①Someminersweretrappedundergroundafterthecollapse.vt.使困住②Wereyoujustgoingtotrapherintomakingsomeadmission?vt.诱骗③Theonlythingthewolfcoulddowasclimbinguptothegroundfromthetrap.n．陷阱④Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.n．圈套[系统考点](1)trapsb.into(doing)sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/gettrappedin 被困在……中(2)fallintoatrap 落入陷阱/圈套fallintothetrapofdoingsth. 落入……的圈套；做某事不明智set/layatrapfor 为……设圈套[练通重点]单句语法填空⑤Theshopkeepertrappedmeintobuying(buy)hispoorqualitymilk.⑥Onceyoufallintoatrap,itwillnotbeeasytogetoutofit.完成句子⑦Theoldmanwas_trapped_in_the_burning_house_atthatmoment.那时候这位老人被困在着火的房子里。⑧Sheistooclevertofall_into_the_trap_of_doing_any_hard_work.她很聪明，不会中圈套去做任何困难的工作。⑨Heset_a_trap_for_herandshewalkedstraightintoit.他给她设了个圈套，她就径直钻了进去。5．threatenvt.威胁，恐吓[经典例句]Theythreatenedtocloseourcreditlinesifwedon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideweproduce.如果我们不降低二氧化碳的排放量，他们威胁说将取消我们的信用额度。(1)threatensb.with... 用……威胁某人threatentodosth. 威胁要做某事threatenthat... 威胁……(2)threatn. 威胁，恐吓athreattosb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁[多角练透]单句语法填空①WillarisingChinabeeathreattoWesterninterests?②Hetiedherupandthreatenedherwithasix­inchknife.③Thosekidnappersthreatenedto_kill(kill)theirsoniftheycouldn'tgetenoughmoney.句式升级④Hewasthreatenedbyterroristsanddidn'tdaretovoteforthepresident.→Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didn't_dare_to_vote_for_the_president.(用过去分词短语作状语)6．advocatevt.主张，提倡n.提倡者，拥护者[教材原句]Expertsadvocatethateachpersonplaytheirpart.专家们主张每一个人都要发挥自己的作用。(1)advocate(doing)sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocatethat... 主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形](2)anadvocateof/for ……的提倡者/拥护者[题点全练]单句语法填空①Headvocatedthatthechildren(should)_take(take)anactivepartinsportsgames.②Manyexpertsadvocatedrewarding(reward)thechildrenforgoodbehavior.③Shehasalwaysbeenanadvocateof/forchangestoEnglishspelling,tomakeiteasiertolearn.7．adoptvt.采用，采纳；收养[高考佳句]Inrecentyears,however,younguppermiddle­classpeopleinLondon,havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents,inordertohidetheirclassorigins.(2015·广东高考阅读D)但是，在最近几年，伦敦中上阶层的年轻人为了掩盖他们的阶级出身，开始采用地方方言。(1)adoptapolicy/habit 采用某项政策/某种习惯adoptone'ssuggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adoptamethod/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施adoptanorphan 收养孤儿(2)adoptedadj. 收养的(3)adoptionn. 收养；采纳[题点全练]单句语法填空/完成句子①It'ssaidthathisadopted(adopt)sonwentabroadlastweek.②Wearguedherintotheadoption(adopt)oftheplan.③Aftermuchconsideration,wealldecidedtoadopt_my_deskmate's_suggestion(采纳我同桌的建议)．[名师指津]adopt与adapt两词词形相近，但意思不同，adapt意为“适应；改编，改写”。④Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedanorphan.Afterafewmonths,thechildcametoadapttohisnewlife.这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月后，这个孩子适应了新生活。8．meansn．方式，方法；手段[经典例句]Thetelephoneisameansofmunication.是一种交流工具。meansof(doing)sth. (做)某事的方法、途径bymeansof 借助……的手段byallmeans 可以，当然行；务必，一定bynomeans 决不(置于句首，句子倒装)bythismeans 用这种方法[多角练透]选词填空(bymeansof;byallmeans;bynomeans;bythismeans)①By_no_means_canteachinginschoolbeseparatedfrompractice.②Wewillby_all_meansachieveourgoalsaslongaswesticktothemandworkhard.③By_means_oftheInternet,wecankeepintouchbysendingemails.④Onlyby_this_meanscanyousolvetheproblem.一句多译各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。⑤Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_butnoneworked.(means为单数名词)⑥All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_butnoneworked.(means为复数名词)9．coincidencen．巧合；同时发生；一致，相符[经典例句]Bycoincidence,Imetthepersonwe'dbeendiscussingthenextday.真是巧了，我在第二天遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。(1)bycoincidence 碰巧，巧合的是Itis/wasacoincidencethat... ……是巧合的Whatacoincidence! 真巧！(2)coincidentadj. 巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的[多角练透]单句语法填空①Bycoincidence,wearrivedhereatthesametime.②Theriseofthenovelwascoincident(coincidence)withthedeclineofstorytelling.完成句子③What_a_coincidence!Iwasn'texpectingtoseeyouhere.太巧了！我没料到会在这里见到你。一句多译当他受伤时，碰巧有辆救护车经过。④It_was_a_coincidence_that_anambulancewaspassingbywhenhegotinjured.⑤By_coincidence,_anambulancewaspassingbywhenhegotinjured.10．considerateadj.体贴的，考虑周到的[经典例句]Sheisalwayspoliteandconsideratetowardsheremployees.她对待雇员总是客客气气、关心体谅。(1)considerationn． 考虑；体谅，关心，体贴underconsideration 在考虑中take...intoconsideration 把……考虑在内；考虑……(2)considerableadj. 相当大的；相当多的(3)consideringprep. 考虑到(4)considerv. 考虑；认为considersb./sth.tobe/as... 认为……是……；把……看作……considerdoingsth. 考虑做某事[多角练透]单句语法填空①Consideringwhatshehasdoneforus,weconsiderhertobeaveryconsiderateperson.(consider)②Women'sDayisaroundthecorner,andI'mconsideringbuying(buy)agiftforMum,onethatistohertaste.③China'snew“BeltandRoad”strategyhasconsiderable(consider)potentialtocreatepositivebenefits.④Everythingtakenintoconsideration(consider),theybelievedthemselvesmorequalifiedforthejob.⑤Theplanheputforwardatthemeetingisunderconsiderationnowandtheresultwillbeputupsoon.句式升级Hetookalltheaspectsintoconsiderationanddesignedagoodpattern.⑥Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_designed_a_good_pattern.(现在分词短语作状语)⑦All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration,_he_designed_a_good_pattern.(独立主格)11．sacrificev．&n．牺牲，献出[高考佳句]ButIwillneverforgetwhattheexperiencehasreallytaughtme.Sacrificespayoffintheend.(2014·天津高考)但我永远不会忘记这次经历真正教会我的东西，牺牲最终会得到回报。(1)sacrifice...for... 为……而牺牲……； 牺牲……而换得……sacrifice...todosth. 为做某事而牺牲……(2)makesacrifices/asacrifice 做出牺牲[多角练透]单句语法填空①LastsummerIsacrificedmyholidayto_help(help)theold.②Heisalwaysreadytosacrificehispersonalinterestforthegroupbenefit.完成句子③Shemade_many_sacrifices_togethersonagoodeducation.为了让儿子接受好的教育，她做出了很多牺牲。④Hesacrificed_a_promising_career_to_look_afterhiskids.他为了照顾孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itisadvisabletokeepsomefoodinreserveincaseofemergency.2．Thescientistsarestudyingtodevelopasubstitute_for_thiskindofmedicine.3．Davidthreatenedto_report(report)hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.4．Weadvocatesolving(solve)theUkraineissuebynegotiations.5．Thebravesoldiersweredeterminedtosaveallthepeopletrapped(trap)intheflood.6．Moststudentswantthatknowledgetoberelevanttotheirfuturecareers.7．Considering(consider)yoursalary,youshouldputasideatleast100dollarsaweek.8．Whatanamazingcoincidence(coincident)!IwasthinkingaboutmycousinLilywhenshephonedme.9．Oursoldiersarewillingtosacrificetheirlivesto_defend(defend)ourcountry.10．Itisreportedthatthenewairportisstillunderconstruction(construct)．11．TheSmithsonlyhaveanadopted(adopt)child.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Theysacrificedtheirlivesintherevolutionarycause.in→for2．Whatcoincidence！Wehappenedtobetravellingonthesametrain.What后加a3．Theyadvocatedthateveryonedonatedsomemoneytotheearthquake­strickenarea.donated→donate4．Everymeansaremeaninglessifyoudon'ttryyourbesttosolvetheproblem.are→is5．Thoughseatsinthelibraryaretight,myfriendTomhasreservedonetome.to→for6．Thepoliceseizedthethiefbyarm.by后加theⅢ.翻译句子1．我要给饭店打个预订以免没有桌位。(makeareservation)I_will_call_the_restaurant_and_make_a_reservation_in_case_there's_none_left.2．如果他当时没有抓住机会从燃烧的大楼里逃出来的话，他很可能就丧生了。(seize，虚拟语气)If_he_hadn't_seized_the_chance_of_escaping_from_the_burning_building,_he_might_have_lost_his_life.3．你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？(advocatedoingsth.)Do_you_advocate_banning_cars_in_the_city_centre?4．你的老师在给你考试评分时会考虑到你最近生病这一情况的。(take...intoconsideration)Your_teachers_will_take_your_recent_illness_into_consideration_when_marking_your_exams.5．我们绝不能以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济。(bynomeans,atthecostof)By_no_means_can_we_develop_economy_at_the_cost_of_the_environment.二、过短语、句式——eq\a\vs4\al(学通学活靓人一眼)1．referto涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅[经典例句]Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.权力是指一个人对其他人的控制程度。[练牢基点]写出下列句中referto的含义①Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomewords,youcanrefertothedictionary.查阅②Yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.参考③Wehavereachedanagreementthatwewillnotrefertothematteragain.提及[系统考点](1)referto...as... 把……称作……refer...to... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)(2)referencen. 提及；参考；查阅in/withreferenceto 关于[练通重点]单句语法填空④Johnsonreferredtothediscoveryasamajorbreakthroughinmedicalscienceyesterday.⑤Thegirlalwaysreferstothereferencebooksashergoodfriendsandhelpers.(refer)完成句子⑥Ihavenothingtosaywith/in_reference_tothatincident.关于那次事件，我无可奉告。⑦Youmayrefer_the_matter_to_himifnecessary.必要的话你可以把这件事委托给他。2．leadto引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向[教材原句]GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,inturn,leadstoclimatechange.地球变暖指的是地球平均温度升高，继而导致气候变化。leadsb.to... 引导某人去……；带领某人通往……leadsb.todosth. 使得某人做某事leada...life 过……生活leadtheway 领路[多角练透]单句语法填空①Asweallknow,successliesinhardworkwhilelazinessleadstofailure.②Iwanttoknowwhatledyouto_take(take)upactingasacareer.完成句子③Thereceptionistled_the_waytotheboardroom.接待员领路来到董事会会议室。④Onlyinpeacefulcountriescanthepeoplelead_a_happy_life.只有在和平的国家，人民才能过上幸福的生活。3．apartfrom除……之外(都)；除……之外(尚有)[教材原句]Apartfromthefewfoundinzoos,pandasliveonlyinthecentralbambooforestsofmainlandChina.除了少数几只在动物园里可以看到的大熊猫之外，它们只生活在中国内地的中心竹园里。take...apart 将……拆开/拆分tell...apart 分辨出……fallapart 破裂；断裂；散开setsb.apart 使某人与众不同[题点全练]完成句子①Apart_from_the_price,_wealsoneedtothinkaboutwhereitissituatedwhenbuyingahouse.买房子时，除了价格外，我们还要考虑房子的位置。②Pleasetake_the_radio_aparttoseewhat'swrongwithit.请拆开收音机看看出了什么毛病。③Youcantell_my_twin_brother_and_me_apartbythismarkonmyface.你可以从我脸上的疤痕分辨出我和我的孪生兄弟。④Hehadadeepvoice,whichset_him_apart_from_othersinoursmalltown.他那深沉的声音把他和我们小镇上的其他人区别开来。⑤Thedealfell_apartwhenwefailedtoagreeontheprice.我们在价格上未能达成一致意见，生意吹了。4．拟人修辞手法The_last_few_years_have_seenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetoe.近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。(1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find,witness,say,experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。①Thelast30yearshave_witnessed/seentherapiddevelopmentofChina.过去的30年见证了中国的快速发展。②TheNationalDayofthisyearwitnessed/sawsomanytrafficjamsontheexpressway.今年的国庆节见证了高速公路上大量的拥堵事件。5．given的用法Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。(1)given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因，后可接that从句，that可省略；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。(2)引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有：①considering(that)... 考虑到，鉴于②seeing(that)... 既然，鉴于③provided/providing(that)... 假定……④assuming(that)... 假设，如果⑤suppose/supposing(that)... 假如，如果①Given(give)thathewasstillaboy,Iforgavehim.考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。②Provided/Providing(provide)thatyoufinishyourwork,youmaygo.假如你完成了自己的工作，你就可以走了。③Considering(consider)thestrengthoftheopposition,wedidverywelltoscoretwogoals.考虑到对方的实力，我们能进两个球就很不错了。④Supposing/Suppose(suppose)thatyouwerefailingintheingexam,whatshouldyoudo?万一你在即将来临的考试中失败，你该怎么办？Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ifyoudrivethiscarwithoutalicence,you'llhavetoanswerfortheconsequences.2．Hisillnessledtohisnot_being(notbe)abletoattendthemeeting.3．Apartfromgoodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.4．Given(give)thatthereisnotrafficdelay,Iwillbehereontime.5．WhenIamfacedwithadifficulty,IusuallychoosetorefertorelevantlearningmaterialsorWebpages.6．Thosepoliciesresultedingreaterinstabilityintheregion.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief'sbecaught.be→being2．Givingthatthey'reinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.Giving→Given3．Thenumberofsmokers,asreported,havedroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.have→has4．ThemanreferringtobyusjustnowisfromAmerica._referring→referred5．Apartwithsomeoldbooks,wealsopreparedalotofclothesandpresentsforthechildren._with→fromⅢ.翻译句子1．考虑到你生病了，我们最好推迟会议。(giventhat...)Given_that_you_are_sick,_we'd_better_put_off_the_meeting.2．要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。(含蓄虚拟语气)But_for/Without_your_help,_we_couldn't_have_succeeded.3．他们代表校长欢迎我们。(onbehalfof)They_gave_us_a_wele_on_behalf_of_headmaster.4．自从改革开放以来，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。(拟人修辞手法)Our_hometown_has_seen/witnessed_great_changes_since_the_reform_and_opening_policies_started.5．所有的工作都完成了之后，他们才匆忙地赶回家吃午饭。(with的复合结构)With_all_the_work_finished,_they_hurried_back_home_for_lunch.三、过语法、写作——eq\a\vs4\al(写对写美高人一筹)(一)单元小语法——转述结构；被动语态Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theofficernearbyorderedthevillagersneverto_go(go)thereagain.2．Moreefforts,asreported,will_be_made(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupplysidestructurereform.3．Hernewalbumsells(sell)wellandsherisestofameovernight.4．Theairportto_be_pleted_(plete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.5．Thelittleboyadmittedbreaking(break)thewindowintheclassroomyesterday.6．Thebuildingbeing_built_(build)nowisourteachingbuilding.7．Thelittletreesrequire_watering/to_be_watered(water)everyday.8．Ourteacherforbadeusto_use_(use)ourdictionariesduringthetest.9．ThemomentIgothome,mywifeaskedmewhether/if_Ihadbeentothehospital.10．Hetoldmethatyouhad_stolen(steal)hismoney.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Havingtoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit._Having后加been2．Shesaidthatherfatherwastwenty­eightyearsolderthanher.was→is3．HeaskedIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.I前加whether/if4．HerlatestbookissaidtohavetranslatedintoChinese.have_后加been5．GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasincetheopeningtooutsideworld.去掉beenⅢ.完成句子1．Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeif/whether_he_was_being_followed.他匆匆忙忙往家赶，再也没有回头看他是否被跟踪。2．Having_been_told_many_times,_hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.被告诉过好多次了，他仍然重复犯同样的错误。3．Thedoctoradvises_us_to_go_outforawalkaftersupper.医生建议我们晚饭后去散步。4．Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswill_be_rewarded_with_success_in_the_end.学生们一直刻苦学习功课，他们的努力将会最终获得成功的回报。5．Theschoolto_be_bulitnextmonthisintendedfordisabledchildren.下个月要建的学校是专为残疾儿童建的。(二)课堂微写作练扩写——让意蕴更丰满[题目要求]假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Bill来信询问你家乡雾霾天气的情况。根据下面的短文，将其扩写成100词左右的作文。[扩写提示]DearBill，I'mgladtoreceiveyourletter.NowI'dliketotellyousomethingaboutthesmog.Smoghasoftenoccurredinourcityinthelastfewyears.Ithasbroughtinconvenienceanddonegreatharmtous.Peoplehaverealizedtheharmandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Nowadayswearetakingmeasurestoreducethesmogweather.Yours，LiHua[答案示例]DearBill，I'mgladtoreceiveyourletter.Thankyouforyourcaringfortheweathe