重庆市2021-2022学年高一年级下册期末英语试题 含解析

重庆八中2021-2022学年高一（下）期末

英语试题

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatisthemanreading?

A.Amagazine.B.Anewspaper.C.Anovel.

2Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Anykindofbookscanbeborrowed.

B.Thereferencebooksaren'tavailable.

C.Thereferencebookscan'tbeborrowed.

3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Atasupermarket.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atatheater.

4.Whowillhandinthereport?

A.Neither.B.Theman.C.Thewoman.

5.Whydidn'tthemanfinishhissciencehomework?

A.Hedidn'thaveenoughtime.

B.Heforgotitcompletely.

C.Hefounditdifficult.

第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。

6.Whatiswrongwiththeshower?

A.Ithasnohotwater.

B.Itcan'tbetunedoffcompletely.

C.Itcan'tbeturnedonatall.

7.Whatisthemangoodatrepairing?

A.Washers.B.Showerheads.C.TVs.

听下面一段对话，回答下列小题。

8.Whendidthemangetareplytohisapplication?

A.Lastmonth.B.ThisFriday.C.Lastweek.

9.WhyisthemangoingtoParis?

A.Towork.B.Tostudy.C.Totravel.

听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。

lO.What'sthewoman'sattitudetowardshertrying?

A.Confident.B.Disappointed.C.Interested.

11.Whichofthefollowinghasbeentried?

A.Doingexercise.B.Writingbooks.C.Goingondiets.

12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?

A.Improveherhealth.

B.Keepherlifestyle.

C.Saveherenergy.

听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。

13.WhoisJulie?

A.Thewoman'scolleague.

B.Thewoman'sschoolmate.

C.Thewoman'srelative.

14.Whydidn'tthewomanwanttodomagictricksattheparty?

A.Shedidn'tbringwhatsheneeded.

B.Shedidn'tknowhowtodoitatall.

C.Shehasn'tpractiseditforalongtime.

15.Howdidthewomanfeelattheparty?

A.Embarrassed.B.Tired.C.Excited.

16.Whatdoesthewomanplantodo?

A.Practicemagictricksattimes.

B.AvoidmeetingJulieagain.

C.Giveupplayingmagictricks.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

17.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Atriptothefuture.

B.Ajourneybackintime.

C.Aspacevoyage.

18.Inwhichyearcanthelistenersseethefirstpersoninspace?

A.In1961.B.In1880.C.In1903.

19.Whatcanthelistenersseeonthescreensintheyear1450?

A.Thefirstsailingship.

B.Thefirstbooks.

C.Thefirstelectriclightbulb.

20.Whatwillthelistenersdonext?

A.Enjoythefirstplaneflight.

B.SeethefirstOlympicGames.

C.Visitthepeople4000yearsago.

第二部分单项选择(共10题，满分10分)

1.Wehadtopackeverythingupinadvancethatnightbecausethetrainat5thenextmorning.

A.willleaveB.wasleaving

C.wasabouttoleaveD.left

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们那天晚上必须提前打包好所有的东西，因为火车第二天早上五点

开。结合前句hadtopack的一般过去时态可知，空处表示过去的第二天，即过去将来，排除A、D项；C

项beaboutto意为"马上”，不符合句意；B项wasleaving为bedoing表将来，符合时态和句意。故选B

项。

2.1sincerelyrequestedthatIofthelatestsituation.

A.informedB.wasinformedC.beinformedD.inform

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真诚地请求告知我最新的情况。requested等表示建议、命令、要求的

词后接宾语从句，从句中常用should+do的形式，且should可以省略；结合句意，主语I和动词inform

为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态bedone的形式，故空处应填(should)beinformed。故选C项。

3.Unlessto,youmustnotcomeintomyoffice.

A.permittedB.arepermitted

C.beingpermittedD.permitting

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查省略句。句意：除非允许了，不然你就不能进我的办公室。在状语从句的省略中，当主句

的主语和从句的主语一致，且从句谓语有带be动词的结构时，从句可以省略主语+be动词的形式；从句

中主语为you,与下文一致，且主语和动词permit为动宾结构，故需要用被动语态，还原从句为Unless

youarepermitted,省略youare。故选A项。

4.HemustcomefromChina,fromhisaccent.

A.havingjudgedB.judgedC.tojudgeD.judging

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他的口音判断，他一定来自中国。空前有谓语动词mustcomefrom,

故空处需要填非谓语的形式；固定短语judgingfrom意为“根据某事判断”，需要用现在分词的形式，为

固定用法。故选D项。

5.Allthegroceries,Johnleftthestoreimmediately,rushingtohiscar.

A.tobuyB.wereboughtC.boughtD.tobebought

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：所有的杂货买完了，约翰立即离开商店，急冲冲地走向他的车。分

析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词left,所以buy应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是groceries与buy是被

动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。为独立主格结构。故选C项。

6.WhenIwokeupthatnight,Ifoundmyselfontheground.

A.lieB.belyingC.waslyingD.lying

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:那天晚上我醒来时，发现自己躺在地上。findsb.doingsth.固定搭配，意

为“发现某人正在做某事”，此处应用现在分词作宾语补足语，故选D。

7.Hehasadvancedmanytheories,noneofhasbeenproved.

A.whichB.thatC.themD.what

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他提出了许多理论，但没有一个得到证实。分析句子结构可知，空处引

导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故需要用关系代词代指前文的事物manytheories。故选A项。

8.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgram,purposeistorelieveworldwidehunger.

A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.its

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的是减缓解全世界的饥饿

状况。句中先行词为theWorldFoodProgram,在非限定性定语从句中作名词purpose的定语，所以用关

系代词whose引导。故选A。

9.Itwasnotuntil9o'clockIfinallygotonthebus.

A.whenB.thatC.didD.do

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到9点钟我才终于上了公共汽车。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句：it

is+强调部分+that...o故选B项。

10.Neverforschoolthistermsofar.

A.IamlateB.amIlate

C.haveIbeenlateD.Ihavebeenlate

【答案】c

【解析】

【详解】考查时态和倒装结构。句意：到目前为止，我这学期上学从未迟到过。根据时间状语sofar可

知，用现在完成时。否定词Never位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构。故选C。

第三部分阅读理解（共20小题，满分50分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Inthislist,youcanfindsomeofthebestparksinLondon.

ChiswickGardens

ChiswickGardensarguablyinspiredEngland'smostinfluentialculturalexport,secondperhapstothe

Beatles.Inthe1720s,architectanddesignerWilliamKentexperimentedatChiswick,inventingwhatbecame

knownastheEnglishlandscapegarden.Hemadethegardenlessformal,introducingafarmorenaturalfeel-

sweepinggrasslandandlakes,classicaltemplesandmonuments.Thestylesoonbecamethemodelforpublic

parksacrosstheglobe.Anditallstartedhere.

Website:chiswickhouseandgardens.org.uk

Openingtimes:opendaily,7a.m.一dusk

OsterleyPark

Theessentialdignityofthisoldcountryestatedoesnotseemtobeaffectedbythemodernworld.The

stillnessofitslakeisoccasionallybrokenbyalineofpassingswans.Acycle-friendlytrailcirclesthepark,perfect

forchildren(bikehireavailable)-andifyoudon'tmindpaying,thebeautifulgardensareamust.

Website:nationaltrust,org.uk

Openingtimes:opendaily,7a.m.-7:30p.m.

RichmondPark

Deerhavebeenwanderingaroundthisraregrasslandhabitatsinceatleast1637,whenCharlesIenclosedit.

IfsLondon'slargestnaturereserve.Awayfromtheroadsandcycletracks,fewplacesinLondonfeelsoopenand

wild.Thelandscapeisn'talllefttothedeer:theIsabellaPlantationisasizeablewoodlandgardenfullofflowers

thatlooktheirbestinmid-spring.

Website:.uk

Openingtimes:open24hours,exceptNovandFeb

VictoriaPark

Regularwinnerofthenation'smostpopularparkawards,thisparkcontinuestoattractnewgenerationstoits

enormousbandofdevotedfans.Theparkissimplyamazingforyoungpeople.Aplaygroundfeaturesthebest

slidesintownandahostofotheroriginalswingingandclimbingequipment.Meanwhile,olderkidsgettop-grade

musicfestivals,amouth-wateringSundaymarketandanexcellentcafeineachofitstwoparts.Andthafswithout

mentioningthelakes,gardensandeverythingelse!

Website:towerhamlets.gov.uk

Openingtimes:opendaily,7a.m.——dusk

11.WhatisspecialaboutChiswickGardens?

A.ItisEngland'smostinfluentialbuilding.B.ItwaslovedbythefamousbandtheBeatles.

C.Itsnaturalstylewasamodelforpublicparks.D.Ithasahistoryofnearlyfourhundredyears.

12.WhatcanvisitorsseeiftheygotoRichmondPark?

A.Classicaltemplesandmonuments.B.Deerongrasslandandbeautifulflowers.

C.Aplaygroundwiththebestslidesintown.D.Busyroadsandcycletrackscirclingthepark.

13.Whichparkwillyouchooseifyouwanttoenjoyamusicfestival?

A.ChiswickGardens.B.OsterleyPark.C.RichmondPark.D.VictoriaPark.

【答案】1LC12.B13.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个伦敦最好的公园的情况。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据ChiswickGardens部分中“Hemadethegardenlessformal,introducingafarmorenatural

feel-sweepinggrasslandandlakes,classicaltemplesandmonuments.Thestylesoonbecamethemodelfor

publicparksacrosstheglobe.Anditallstartedhere.（他让花园变得不那么正式，引入了一种更加自然的感觉

——大片的草地和湖泊，古典的庙宇和纪念碑。这种风格很快成为全球公园的典范。一切都从这里开

始）”可知，奇斯威克花园的特别之处是它的自然风格是公园的典范。故选C。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据RichmondPark部分中“Deerhavebeenwanderingaroundthisraregrasslandhabitatsince

atleast1637,whenCharlesIenclosedit.IfsLondon'slargestnaturereserve.Awayfromtheroadsandcycle

tracks,fewplacesinLondonfeelsoopenandwild.Thelandscapeisn'talllefttothedeer:theIsabellaPlantation

isasizeablewoodlandgardenfullofflowersthatlooktheirbestinmid-spring.（至少从1637年查理一世将这片

罕见的草原栖息地围起来开始，鹿就一直在这里游荡。它是伦敦最大的自然保护区。除了公路和自行车

道，伦敦很少有地方能像这里一样开阔和狂野。这里的风景并不是全留给了鹿群：伊莎贝拉种植园是一

个相当大的林地花园，鲜花盛开，在仲春时节最美）”可知，游客去里士满公园能看到草原上的鹿和美丽

的花朵。故选B。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据VictoriaPark部分中“Meanwhile,olderkidsgettop-grademusicfestivals,amouth­

wateringSundaymarketandanexcellentcafeineachofitstwoparts.（与此同时，年龄稍大一些的孩子可以享

受顶级的音乐节，一个令人垂涎的周日市场和一个很棒的咖啡馆）”可知，如果你想参加音乐节，你会选

择维多利亚公园。故选D。

B

Everybodymayhavethatoneneighbor,whojustlooksoutofthewindow,lookingangryateveryoneand

everythingthatcrossesthepath.Andthoughwethinkweknowwhafsgoingoninishead,wecouldbewrong.

Thereissuchapersoninourcommunity.Firstyouseethisbad-temperedoldmanlookingoutofhiswindow,

takingineverythingthatishappeningonhisblock.Helooksannoyedbyjusteverything.Buthisheartissolid

gold.Whenhesawoneneighborshoutingangrilyathersonafterhebrokehercoffeemaker,thisill-temperedold

manwentandboughtheranewone.

Buthedidn'twanthertoknowso,insteadhemadeitlooklikehewasjustthrowingitaway.Andthatone

secretgooddeedwasjustthetipoftheiceberg.Whenhesawanotherneighborwithacryingbabybecauseofthe

heat,hegotafan,tookittohisroomandmadeitlooklikeithadbeensittingforforever.Hethoughthewasbeing

strangeandnoonewouldknowallthekindnesshehadshared.Butaboynextdoorknewthisill-tempered

neighbor'ssecrets.HecarefullydrewapictureoftheoldmandressedasSantaandputitonthewall.

SowhenChristmascame,thislittleboyhadasurprisefortheblock'ssecretSanta.Thispreciousposteris

suchanimportantreminderthattheholidayseasonisaboutgivingoutoflove,evenifnooneknows.Howsweet

thisis!

14.Whatimpressiondoestheoldmanleaveonhisneighbors?

A.Warmhearted.B.Easy-going.

C.Dangerous.D.Unfriendly.

15.Whydidtheoldmanpretendtothrowawayhiscoffeemaker?

A.Tohelpamotherandherson.B.Toshowoffhiswealthylife.

C.Togetridofauselessthing.D.Tocreateapeacefulneighborhood.

16.Whatdoweknowaboutthebad-temperedoldman?

A.Hewantedtoscarehisneighbors.

B.Hedidmanygooddeedssecretly.

C.Hetoldhissecretstothelittleboy.

D.Hewasreallyangrywithallhisneighbors.

17.WhydidthelittleboydrawtheoldmanasaSanta?

A.Toblametheneighbours.

B.Toplayatrickontheoldman.

C.Toshowtheoldman'skindness.

D.Tomaketheoldmanembarrassed.

【答案】14.D15.A16.B17.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位老人总是看着窗外，生气地看着每一个人和每件路过的东西。但他却有

一颗金子般的心，暗地里做了很多好事。

[14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第——段中Everybodymayhavethatoneneighbor,whojustlooksoutofthewindow,looking

angryateveryoneandeverythingthatcrossesthepath.可知，每个人都可能有这样一个邻居，他只是看着窗外,

生气地看着每一个人和每一件穿过小路的东西。由此可知，这位老人只是看着窗外，生气地看着每一个人

和每一件东西，因此给邻居们留下不友好的印象。故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题o根据第二段中Whenhesawoneneighborshoutingangrilyathersonafterhebrokehercoffeemaker,

thisill-temperedoldmanwentandboughtheranewone.（当他看到一个邻居因为儿子打破了她的咖啡壶而生

气地对她大喊大叫时，这个脾气暴躁的老人就去给她买了一个新的）和第三段的第一句Buthedidn5twant

hertoknowso,insteadhemadeitlooklikehewasjustthrowingitaway.（但他不想让她知道，相反，他让她觉

得他只是把它扔了）可知，老人假装扔掉他的咖啡壶，是为了帮助这对母子。因为儿子打碎了咖啡壶，母亲

冲他大喊大叫。故选A。

【16题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句Andthatonesecretgooddeedwasjustthetipoftheiceberg.可知，那件秘

密的好事只是冰山一角。由此可知，这位老人偷偷地做了很多好事。故选B。

【17题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句Butaboynextdoorknewthisill-temperedneighbor'ssecrets.Hecarefully

drewapictureoftheoldmandressedasSantaandputitonthewall.可知，但是隔壁的一个男孩知道这个坏脾

气的邻居的秘密。他小心翼翼地画了一幅老人装扮成圣诞老人的画像，并把它挂在了墙上。由此可知，圣

诞老人是秘密做好事的，画这幅画是为了表示老人的善良。故选C。

C

Peoplecanexperiencelonelinessformanyreasonsandmanylifeeventsmaycauseit,likethelackof

friendshiprelationsduringchildhoodandadolescence,orthephysicalabsenceofmeaningfulpeoplearounda

person.Atthesametime,lonelinessmaybeasymptomofanothersocialorpsychologicalproblem,suchas

chronicdepression.

Manypeopleexperiencelonelinessforthefirsttimewhentheyareleftaloneasinfants.Itisalsoavery

common,thoughnormallytemporary,consequenceofabreakup,divorce,orlossofanyimportantlong-term

relationship.Inthesecases,itmayresultbothfromthelossofaspecificpersonandfromthewithdrawalfrom

socialcirclescausedbytheeventortheassociatedsadness.

Thelossofasignificantpersoninone'slifewilltypicallystartasadnessresponse;inthissituation,one

mightfeellonely,evenwhileinthecompanyofothers.Lonelinessmayalsooccurafterthebirthofachild,after

marriage,orfollowinganyothersociallydisruptiveevent,suchasmovingfromone'shometownintoan

unfamiliarcommunityleadingtohomesickness.Lonelinesscanoccurwithinunstablemarriagesorotherclose

relationshipsinasimilarnature,inwhichfeelingspresentmayincludeangerorbitterness,orinwhichthefeeling

oflovecannotbegivenorreceived.

Lonelinessmayrepresentadysfunctionofcommunication,andcanalsoresultfromplaceswithlow

populationdensitiesinwhichtherearecomparativelyfewpeopletointeractwith.Sometimes,lonelinessis

capableofspreadinglikeadisease.Whenonepersoninagroupbeginstofeellonely,thisfeelingcanspreadto

others,increasingeverybody'sriskforfeelingsofloneliness.Peoplecanfeellonelywhenthey5resurroundedby

otherlonelypeople.

18.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theinfluenceofaspecificpersoninlife.B.Theharmcausedbyloneliness.

C.Thereasonsforloneliness.D.Theimportanceofmentalhealth.

19.Whichofthefollowingmaynotcauseloneliness?

A.Theregularattendanceatsocialevents.B.Thephysicalabsenceofmeaningfulpeople.

C.Thebreakupofamarriage.D.Thelackoffriendshiprelations.

20.Theunderlinedphrase"disruptiveevenf,inparagraph3refertothingsthat.

A.bringtoafamilyextraunexpectedfinancialburdens

B.preventone'slifefromcontinuinginanormalway

C.makepeopletooexcitedtocontroltheirfeelings

D.replacethefeelingoflovewithangerandbitterness

21.Whatcanwelearnaboutlonelinessfromthelastparagraph?

A.Lonelinesscanhaveacertainsocialeffect.

B.Lonelinesswon'toccurincrowdedplaces.

C.Lonelinessisadiseasespreadingamongpeople.

D.Lonelinesscanbetheresultoflosingimportantrelation.

【答案】18.C19.A20.B21.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们感到孤独的原因以及孤独对人的影响。

【18题详解】

主旨大意题。|艮据第——段uPeoplecanexperiencelonelinessformanyreasonsandmanylifeeventsmaycause

it,likethelackoffriendshiprelationsduringchildhoodandadolescence,orthephysicalabsenceofmeaningful

peoplearoundaperson.（人们感到孤独的原因有很多，生活中的许多事件可能会导致孤独，比如童年和青少

年时期缺乏友谊关系，或者一个人身边缺少有意义的人）”结合文章主要说明了人们感到孤独的原因以及

孤独对人的影响。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是孤独的原因。故选C。

【19题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inthesecases,itmayresultbothfromthelossofaspecificpersonandfromthe

withdrawalfromsocialcirclescausedbytheeventortheassociatedsadness.（在这些情况下，它可能是由于失

去了一个特定的人，也可能是由于事件或相关的悲伤导致的社交圈的退出）”可知，经常参加社交活动不

会导致孤独。故选A。

【20题详解】

推理判断题。根据画线词上文“Lonelinessmayalsooccurafterthebirthofachild,aftermarriage,or

followinganyothersocially,,以及后文“suchasmovingfromone'shometownintoanunfamiliarcommunity

leadingtohomesickness^可推知，从家乡搬到一个不熟悉的社区，导致乡愁，说明了孤独也可能发生在孩

子出生后，结婚后，或在任何其他社会破坏性事件之后，阻止某人的生活以正常的方式继续生活，画线

词指的是“阻止某人的生活以正常的方式继续”。故选B。

[21题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后——段uLonelinessmayrepresentadysfunctionofcommunication,andcanalsoresult

fromplaceswithlowpopulationdensitiesinwhichtherearecomparativelyfewpeopletointeractwith.

Sometimes,lonelinessiscapableofspreadinglikeadisease.Whenonepersoninagroupbeginstofeellonely,

thisfeelingcanspreadtoothers,increasingeverybody'sriskforfeelingsofloneliness.Peoplecanfeellonely

whenthey'resurroundedbyotherlonelypeople.（孤独可能代表着沟通障碍，也可能来自人口密度较低的地

方，那里有相对较少的人可以互动。有时候，孤独会像疾病一样蔓延。当群体中的一个人开始感到孤独

时，这种感觉会蔓延到其他人，增加每个人感到孤独的风险。当周围都是孤独的人时，人们会感到孤

独）”可知，孤独可以产生一定的社会影响。故选A。

D

Studieswithfinancialtiestothesugar-sweetenedbeverage（drinks）industryaremuchlesslikelythan

independentstudiestofindalinkbetweensippingsugarydrinksanddevelopingobesityordiabetes,accordingto

anAnnalsofInternalMedicineReportpublishedMonday.

Researchersreviewed60studiespublishedbetweenJanuary2001andJuly2016thatinvestigatedconsuming

drinkswithaddedsugarandthesediseases.Theyalsoidentifiedwhetherthereportswereindependentlyfunded,or

iftheywerebackedby-ortheauthorshadfinancialconflictswith——thesugar-sweetenedbeverageindustry.

Everyoneofthe26studiesthatfoundnoconnectionbetweensugarydrinksanddiabetesorobesitywere

industry-funded.Butofthe34studiesthatdidfindaconnectionbetweensugarandillness,onlyonehadtiesto

sugar-sweetenedbeverages.

“Thisindustryseemstobemanipulatingcontemporaryscientificprocessestocreatecontroversyandadvance

theirbusinessinterestsattheexpenseofthepublic'shealth/concludedthereport.

ThelatestreportcomesamonthafteraJAMAInternalMedicineinvestigationfoundthattheSugarResearch

FoundationpaidthreeHarvardscientistsabout$50,000inthe1960stopublishresearchthatblamedfatand

cholesterol（胆固醇）forcausingheartdisease,anddownplayedtheroleofsweeteners.

Dr.MarkHyman,directoroftheClevelandClinicCenterforFunctionalMedicinehaslongbeenskeptical

aboutthesweetstuff.

“Thesugarindustryandsodacompaniesarefollowingthesameplaybookasthetobaccoindustrydidtryingto

defendtobacco,hetoldtheNews.t4Theydestroythesciencebyfinancingscientistswhoareactuallypushingtheir

agendaanddesigningflawedtrialsthatshowthere'snoharm.Theyswaypublicopinion,andtheylobbypoliticians.^^

Headvisedconsumersconfusedaboutwhatresearchtobelieveto"followthemoney.9,“IfabunchofHarvard

scientistssayonething,andCoca-Colasaysanotherthing,youshouldwonderaboutwhothemessengeris,and

wherethemoneytofundthestudyiscomingfrom,"hesaid.

22.WhatdoestheAnnalsofInternalMedicineReportmainlyfocuson?

AThesugarindustry5sinfluenceonscientificstudies.

B.Theconnectionbetweensugarydrinksandillnesses.

C.Therealreasontoblameforcausingheartdisease.

D.Thefinancialsupportforsciencefromthesugarindustry.

23.Whichisafactortheresearcherstookintoconsiderationwhenreviewingthestudiespublished?

A.Theirtotalnumber.B.Theirvaluetoscience.

C.Theirfinancialsource.D.Theirsocialinfluence.

24.WhydidtheSugarResearchFoundationpaythreeHarvardscientistsabout$50,000inthe1960s?

A.Tosupportthedevelopmentofscience.

B.Tocomparewiththetobaccoindustry.

C.Toinfluencecertainscientificresults.

D.Topromotethepublic'shealthconditions.

25.HowtounderstandDr.MarkHyman's"followthemoney^^principle?

A.Peoplewhopayforproductsshouldknowwheretheirmoneygo.

B.Consumershavetopayfortherealresultsofscientificresearches.

C.Moremoneyshouldbepaidtopromotethepublic'sawarenessofscience.

D.Themoneytofundthestudydeterminesitsreliabilitytosomeextent.

【答案】22.A23.C24.C25.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了研究报告的资金来源是如何影响报告结果的。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Studieswithfinancialtiestothesugar-sweetenedbeverage（drinks）industry

aremuchlesslikelythanindependentstudiestofindalinkbetweensippingsugarydrinksanddevelopingobesity

ordiabetes,accordingtoanAnnalsofInternalMedicineReportpublishedMonday.（周一发表的《内科医学年

报》报告称，与独立研究相比，与含糖饮料行业有经济关系的研究发现喝含糖饮料与肥胖或糖尿病之间

存在联系的可能性要小得多。）”可知，独立研究更容易报道喝含糖饮料与肥胖或糖尿病之间存在关系，

故《内科医学年报》主要关注了制糖业对科学研究结果的影响。故选A项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Theyalsoidentifiedwhetherthereportswereindependentlyfunded,orifthey

werebackedby-ortheauthorshadfinancialconflictswith-thesugar-sweetenedbeverageindustry.（他们还确

定了这些报告是否得到了独立资助，或者是否得到了含糖饮料行业的支持，或者作者是否与该行业存在

经济冲突。）”可知，研究人员在回顾研究时考虑了资金来源。故选C项。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第五段"ThelatestreportcomesamonthafteraJAMAInternalMedicineinvestigation

foundthattheSugarResearchFoundationpaidthreeHarvardscientistsabout$50,000inthe1960stopublish

researchthatblamedfatandcholesterol（胆固醇）forcausingheartdisease,anddownplayedtheroleof

sweeteners.（一个月前，《美国医学会内科杂志》的一项调查发现，糖研究基金会在20世纪60年代向三位

哈佛科学家支付了约5万美元，让他们发表研究报告，指责脂肪和胆固醇导致心脏病，并淡化甜味剂的

作用。）”可知，糖研究基金会向哈佛科学家付款五万美金是为了影响科学结果。故选C项。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段""IfabunchofHarvardscientistssayonething,andCoca-Colasaysanother

thing,youshouldwonderaboutwhothemessengeris,andwherethemoneytofundthestudyiscomingfrom,he

said.（他建议那些对研究结果感到困惑的消费者“跟着钱走”。他说：“如果一群哈佛科学家说一件事，可

口可乐说另一件事，你应该想知道信使是谁，资助这项研究的资金从哪里来。“）”可知，马克博士认

为，研究的资金来源会影响这项研究的结果，即资助这项研究的资金在某种程度上决定了它的可靠性。

故选D项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Travellingwithfriendscanbeanabsolutelyamazingexperiencewhereyoucouldmakelifelongmemoriesor

itcouldendupruiningyourfriendship.26Herearesomerulesyoushouldfollowtomakesureyournext

tripwithfriendsgoesassmoothlyaspossible.

27Sure,youandyourfriendsprobablyhavesomesimilarinterests,butthafsnotalwaysthecase.

Inanefforttokeepeveryonehappy,goovertravelplansandexpectationsaheadoftime.Haveeachperson

categorizeactivitiesorsightsinto“mustsee""wanttosee"and"wouldgoifwehavetime”.Planaccordinglyand

makesureeveryonecanseesomeoftheirtopattractions.

Communicateandrespecteachother.Everyonehaspersonalpreferencewhentravelling.Butsometimesthings

don'tgoasyoulike.Inthiscase,shareyourrequirementsdirectlywithyourtravellingcompanions.28

Haveaconversationwhenproblemsarise,forcommunicationisthekey.

Don'tdisappear.Whentravellingwithagroup-orevenjustoneotherperson-youmaywanttobealone

sometimes.Thafscompletelyfine,butmakesureyourfriendsknowwhereyouareandhaveawayofcontacting

you.29

Getoffyourphone.Ofcourse,yourfriendswillunderstandifyouneedtotakeacallfromafamilymember,

orintheeventofaworkemergency,butotherthanthat,trytostayoffyourphone.30Afterall,theappeal

ofthistypeoftripistospendtimewithfriends.Justenjoyit!

A.Includeatleastoneactivityforeveryone.

B.Giveeachothersomespace.

C.Atthesametime,listentotheirconcernsandberespectfulofthem.

D.Andrememberthatconsiderationandrespectgoalongway.

E.Ifsespeciallytrueoftravellinginforeigncountriesorunfamiliarplaces.

F.Soit'simportanttomakesureyouandyourfriendsareonthesamepage.

G.Don'trespondtonon-urgentworkcontactorsendmessagesfrequently.

【答案】26.F27.A28.C29.E30.G

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了和朋友一起旅行绝对是一种美妙的经历，你可以留下一生的

回忆，但也可以毁掉你的友谊。就此作者给出了一些建议。

【26题详解】

上文uTravellingwithfriendscanbeanabsolutelyamazingexperiencewhereyoucouldmakelifelongmemories

oritcouldendupruiningyourfriendship.（和朋友一起旅行绝对是一种美妙的经历，你可能会留下一辈子的

记忆，也可能会毁掉你们的友谊。）”提到，和朋友旅行有好有坏，是一把双刃剑；F项“所以确保你和

你的朋友达成共识是很重要的。”与上文构成因果关系，符合文意。故选F项。

[27题详解】

下文“Planaccordinglyandmakesureeveryonecanseesomeoftheirtopattractions.（对照着安排