湖南省师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（含解析）

2024师大附中高二下期中考试英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWomenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionstoStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912—1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld’sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparityinphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu’scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914—2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918—2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson’scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”.TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria.Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.1.Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________.A.composer B.producer C.actress D.mathematician2.WhatisTuYouyou’sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A.Shetreatedpeopleforcancer. B.SheisthefirstChineseNobelwinner.C.Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions. D.Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.3.Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A.Theysharedthesameinterest. B.Theyeachconstructedatheory.C.TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize. D.Theyallmadeadifferencetotheworld.BItwasnearNewYear2014,andDavidFajgenbaum,whowasbattlingCastlemandisease,wasrushedtoaCTscaninanArkansashospital.Tearsstreameddownhisface.Hethoughtaboutthefirstpatientwho’ddiedunderhiscareandhowherbrainhadbledinasimilarwayfromastroke(中风).Buthesurvived.Also,thisexperienceledDavidtocomplete“theundertaking”surprisinghisdoctors.“Youlearnalotbyalmostdying,”theysaid.Itwasin2010thatDavidgotverysickandwashospitalizedforfivemonths.HewaslearningtobecomeadoctorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainmemoryofhismotherwhodiedofcancer.Theexaminationshoweditwasidiopathicmulti-centricCastlemandisease(MCD).Firstdescribedin1954,Castlemanpresentspartlylikeanautoimmune(自身免疫的)conditionandpartlylikecancer.Itdoesn’thappenveryoften—there’reonlyaround7,000newcaseseachyearintheUnitedStates,soaverylimitednumberofexpertsareonit.Inhishospitalbed,Davidfeltweak.Hisorganswerefailing,andhenoticedcuriousredspotsonhisskin.Heaskeddoctorswhatthe“bloodmoles”meant.Butthey,focusedonsavinghislife,weren’tinterestedinthem.CastlemandiseasestruckDavidfourmoretimesoverthenextthreeyears.Despiteitall,hemanagedtograduateandlaterfoundedtheCastlemanDiseaseCollaborativeNetwork(CDCN)devotedtofightingCastlemandisease.Inlate2013,Castlemanstruckagain,landingDavidinthatArkansashospital.Itmarkedhisclosestbrushwithdeathyet.Afterthistime,Davidsetouttotrytosavehisownlife.Examininghismedicalcharts,hezeroedinonanideathatresearchershadn’texplored.Withconsiderableeffort,hefoundadrugcalledSirolimusmightbebeneficialtohisdiscase.Afterconsultingwithhisdoctors,hepickedupthedrug.Sofar,it’sworking.Davidisinrecoveryanddevotinghismedicalcareertosavingotherpatientslikehim.“Ihopemystoryofferslessonsfarbeyondmedicineaboutwhatpeoplecandowhenthey’reupagainstabrickwall,”saysDavid.4.HowdidDavidfeelwhenhavingtheCTscan?AGrateful. B.Awkward. C.Hopeless. D.Unsure.5.Whatdoes“theundertaking”inparagraph2referto?A.DavidfoundedtheCDCN. B.DavidrecoveredfromCastleman.C.DavidsurvivedtheCTscan. D.Davidfoundawaytotreathisdisease.6.WhatdoweknowaboutCastlemandisease?A.Itisararedisease. B.ItkilledDavid’smother.C.Itisakindofcancer. D.Itinterestedmanyexperts.7WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDavid?A.Selflessandoptimistic. B.Determinedandobservant.C.Ambitiousandconfident. D.Warm-heartedandhardworking.CNoonecansaywhetherhuman-likerobotswillhaveasweetdream,buttheywillalmostcertainlyneedperiodsofrestthatofferbenefitslikewhatsleepprovidestolivingbrains,accordingtonewresearchfromLosAlamosNationalLaboratory(LANL).“Westudyspikingneuralnetworks(尖峰神经网络),whicharesystemsthatlearnmuchaslivingbrainsdo,”saidYijingWatkins,acomputerscientistfromLANL.“Wetrainedaneuromorphic(神经形态的)processorinawayhowhumansandotherbiologicalsystemslearnfromtheirenvironmentduringchildhooddevelopment.”Watkinsandherresearchteamfoundthatthenetworksimulations(模拟)becameunstableaftercontinuousperiodsofunattendedlearning.Whentheyexposedthenetworkstostatesthatareanalogoustowhatlivingbrainsexperienceduringsleep,stabilitywasrecovered.“Itwasasthoughweweregivingtheneuralnetworksagoodnight’srest,”saidWatkins.Thediscoverycameaboutastheresearchteamworkedtodevelopneuralnetworksthatareascloseashowhumansandotherbiologicalsystemslearntosee.Thegroupinitiallystruggledwithstabilizingsimulatedneuralnetworksundergoingunattendeddictionarytraining,whichinvolvesclassifyingobjectswithoutprovidingexamplestocomparethemto.Theresearchersexposethenetworkstoanartificialsimulationofsleepasnearlyafinalefforttostabilizethem.Theyexperimentedwithvarioustypesofnoise.Thebestresultscamewhentheyusedwavesofso-calledGaussiannoise.Thesewavescanmakesurethattheneuralnetworkskeepstable.Thegroup’snextgoalistoapplytheiralgorithm(算法)toIntel’sLoihi,aproductwhichusesspikingneuralnetworkstowork.TheyhopeallowingLoihitosleepfromtimetotimewillenableittostablyprocessinformationfromacamerainrealtime.Ifitcanconfirmtheneedforsleepinartificialbrains,wecanprobablyexpectthesametobetrueofhuman-likerobotsandotherintelligentmachinesthatmaycomeaboutinthefuture.8.WhatdidWatkinsandherresearchteamfind?A.Neuralnetworksarefarfromstable.B.Artificialbrainsmayneedbreakaswell.C.Neuralnetworksareverysensitivetonoise.D.Human-likerobotsneedequalresttohumans.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“analogous”inparagraph2mean?A.Contrary. B.Beneficial. C.Similar. D.Related.10.WhywilltheresearchersapplythealgorithmtoLoihi?A.TobetterupdateLoihi. B.ToenableLoihitorunfaster.C.Tofurtherconfirmtheirdiscovery. D.TomakesureLoihigetenoughsleep.11.Inwhichsectioncanweprobablyfindthisarticle?A.Mind&Brain. B.Business&Industry.C.Medicine&Care. D.Computer&Science.DSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou.”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds.authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimateChoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,Greywrites.”“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.12.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.13WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.14.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable B.Tolerant C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cultureshockreferstotheanxietyandfeelings(ofsurprise,uncertainty,confusion,etc.)feltwhenpeoplehavetooperatewithinadifferentandunknownculturalorsocialenvironment,suchasaforeigncountry.Generallyspeaking,wecouldsaythattherearefourstagesofcultureshock.Thefirststageiscalled“thehoneymoon”.Inthisstage,youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace.____16____Thenextstageis“thehostilitystage”.Inthisstage,youbegintonoticenoteverythingisasgoodasyouoriginallythoughtitwas.____17____Moreover,peopledon’ttreatyoulikeaguestanymore.Thenyoucometothethirdstagecalled“recovery”.____18____Youhavelearnedenoughtounderstandthenewculture.Thewholesituationstartstobecomemorefavorableandyoubegintolearntoadaptyourselftoit.Thelaststageofcultureshockiscalled“adjustment”.Inthisstage,youhavereachedapointwhereyouactuallyfeelgood.____19____Thethingsthatoriginallymadeyoufeeluncomfortableorstrangearenowthingsthatyoufinallyunderstand.Nowyouhaveadjustedtothenewcultureandyoufeelcomfortable.Notallindividualsvisitinganothercountrywillexperienceallthesefourstages.____20____Italsooccurswithinculturesasindividualsmovefromplacetoplaceorfromonesettingtoanother(e.g.,fromhighschooltocollege).A.Inthisstage,youstarttofeelmoredepressed.B.Andyoutrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingyoudon’tunderstand.C.Inaddition,cultureshockisnotlimitedtotheoverseasvisitor.D.Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture.E.Inthisstage,youstarttofeelmorepositive.F.Youbegintounderstandyouneedtotravelalot.G.Andeverythingseemstobemarvelousandeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou.第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分45分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen____21____topaylawyers’fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed(诊断)withaseriousdisease.Therewasno____22____,onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea____23____journey,astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand____24____recovery.WhenleavinghomeRaynorandMothhadjust£320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe____25____lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withtheoccasionalhamburgershoptreat.Wildcampingis____26____inEngland.TheWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorningtoavoidbeingcaught.Theysoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot____27____thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor____28____alloveranddesiredabath.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitialstruggle,foundhissymptomswerestrangely____29____bytheirdailytiringjourney._____30_____,thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad_____31_____forever.“Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout,nailsbroken,clothes_____32_____toathread,butwewerealive.”Duringthejourney,Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites,“_____33_____hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageattheendofa(n)_____34_____writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmeachoice,eithertoleavethatpage_____35_____ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope.”21.A.tornapart B.usedup C.givenaway D.setaside22.A.cure B.fortune C.demand D.promise23.A.bus B.train C.walking D.cycling24.A.predicted B.upsetting C.frightening D.unexpected25.A.schedule B.budget C.routine D.income26.A.illegal B.practical C.attractive D.unpopular27.A.funnier B.easier C.cheaper D.tougher28.A.rolled B.bled C.ached D.trembled29.A.developed B.relieved C.controlled D.recognized30.A.Finally B.Hopefully C.Casually D.Slowly31.A.gained B.kept C.recovered D.lost32.A.sewn B.washed C.ironed D.worn33.A.Doctors B.Wilderness C.Homelessness D.Lawyers34.A.well B.neatly C.partly D.initially35.A.lose B.blank C.full D.available第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sustainabletourism,whichisbecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays,isnotjustaboutseeingthesights—itisalsoaboutconnectingwithpeopleandtheircultures,____36____(make)apositiveimpactontheplaceswevisitandenhancingopportunitiesforthefuture.So,____37____canwebesustainabletourists?Itisimportanttotravelin____38____environmentallyfriendlymanner.Gettingtoatouristdestinationbyairplane,whichgreatly____39____(increase)ourcarbonfootprint,hasahugeimpactontheglobalenvironment.Whileavoidingflyingisnotalways____40____(practice),wecanhelpimprovetheenvironmentbytravellingonlocalpublictransportorevenonfootwhereverpossible.Whenatthehotel,wecanreduceourimpactbycuttingbackonwaterconsumptionandnothavingourbeddingandtowels____41____(wash)everyday.Wealsoneedtoprotectthelocalculture.Whenvisitingtemplesorchurches,____42____astrictdresscodemay____43____(require),weshoulddressappropriately.Whiletravelling,weshouldrespecttherighttoprivacy.Wemustaskfor____44____(permit)beforetakingpicturesofthelocalpeople,whoarehumanbeingsandnot_____45_____display.Insummary,beingasustainabletouristcomesdowntorespect—fornature,cultureandpeople.第三节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)请用括号内单词的正确形式填空。46.I________(delete)thefilebyaccident.I’mterriblysorryaboutthat.(所给词的适当形式填空)47.Thetrainwasdelayeddueto________(normal)weatherconditions.(所给词的适当形式填空)48.Ithinkwhatweneedtogainatthemomentis________(practice)experience.(所给词的适当形式填空)49.Doyouthinkthathehasthe________(capable)tomeetthedeadline?(所给词的适当形式填空)50.Wewouldliketoseestudentsparticipateinafter-schoolactivitiesmore________(dynamic).(所给词的适当形式填空)51.Theoilwellextendedseveralhundredsoffeetin________(deep).(所给词的适当形式填空)52.TheWorldCupFinalbetweenFranceandCroatiareceivedglobalmedia________(cover).(所给词的适当形式填空)53.Roadaccidentshavedecreasedin________(frequent)inthisregionduringthepastdecade.(所给词的适当形式填空)54.Wedidnotreceiveanynewsduringhislong________(absent).(所给词的适当形式填空)55.Pleasefillintheformbelowwithyourname,ageand________(occupy).(所给词的适当形式填空)第四部分写作(满分25分)56.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Thebusranalongthewindingmountainroad.Tryingnottolookattheroad,Istaredoutthelargewindowatthetropicalgreenery(绿色植物)thatcoveredthemountain.Nexttome,mymotherwasasabsorbedbytheviewasIwas.ShehadwonthetriptoCostaRicaasanawardforherhighperformanceatherjob.Shehaddecidedtotakemewithhersothatwecouldhavesome“girltime”togetherinanewplace,andIcouldn’tbehappiertobeinsuchabeautifulplace.Ourbuscametoasmallparkinglotsurroundedbyforest.Ourguidehadtoldthetourgroupthatitwasacloudforestwewerevisiting.Peoplestartedtorisefromtheirseatsandmovedtowardthedoor.MymomandIpickedupourbagsandstarteddownthenarrowpassage,excitedtofinallygettogoonahikeafterthehour-longbusride.Whentheentiregrouphadgatheredoutside,theguidesmiledatus.“Thisisanactivevolcanowearestandingontopofnow,”hesaid.“Youhavetheopportunitytoexplorewithoutaguide.Therearetwopathsyoucanfollowwhenwegetintothewoods:thefirstisashorterloop(环线)andwilltakeyoubackhereinfortyminutesorso;thesecondwilltakeyoualongerway,andyoushouldbebackhereinanhourandtwentyminutes.Thelongerloopisverysteep,butcertainlydoable.Allofyoushouldbebackhereintwohours,whichshouldgiveyouplentyoftimetoadmirethebeautifulwildlifeofCostaRica!Goaheadandgetstarted!”Momlookedatmeuncertainly.“Iassumeyouwouldliketodothelongerloop,”shesaidafteramoment.Inodded.Weonlyhadfivedayshere,andIwantedtoseeasmuchasIcouldduringthattime.Momfinallyagreed.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Wesetoutonthetrailthatledfurtherintothedarkcloudforest.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Graduallybothofusrealizedtheroadgotsteeperandsteeper________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2024师大附中高二下期中考试英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWomenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionstoStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912—1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld’sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparityinphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu’scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914—2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918—2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson’scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”.TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria.Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.1.Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________.A.composer B.producer C.actress D.mathematician2.WhatisTuYouyou’sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A.Shetreatedpeopleforcancer. B.SheisthefirstChineseNobelwinner.C.Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions. D.Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.3.Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A.Theysharedthesameinterest. B.Theyeachconstructedatheory.C.TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize. D.Theyallmadeadifferencetotheworld.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4名改变世界的女性科学家。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据HedyLamarr(1914—2000)中的“Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.(奥地利出生的拉玛出演了许多好莱坞电影，并取得了巨大的成功。她还非常聪明，是一个自学成才的发明家)”可知，除了是一个发明家，海蒂·拉玛也是一个女演员。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TuYouyou(1930—)中的“Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.(她的工作拯救了全世界数百万人的生命)”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.(下面是四位打破界限、改变世界的人)”可知，这四位女科学家共同之处是她们都对世界产生了影响。故选D。BItwasnearNewYear2014,andDavidFajgenbaum,whowasbattlingCastlemandisease,wasrushedtoaCTscaninanArkansashospital.Tearsstreameddownhisface.Hethoughtaboutthefirstpatientwho’ddiedunderhiscareandhowherbrainhadbledinasimilarwayfromastroke(中风).Buthesurvived.Also,thisexperienceledDavidtocomplete“theundertaking”surprisinghisdoctors.“Youlearnalotbyalmostdying,”theysaid.Itwasin2010thatDavidgotverysickandwashospitalizedforfivemonths.HewaslearningtobecomeadoctorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainmemoryofhismotherwhodiedofcancer.Theexaminationshoweditwasidiopathicmulti-centricCastlemandisease(MCD).Firstdescribedin1954,Castlemanpresentspartlylikeanautoimmune(自身免疫的)conditionandpartlylikecancer.Itdoesn’thappenveryoften—there’reonlyaround7,000newcaseseachyearintheUnitedStates,soaverylimitednumberofexpertsareonit.Inhishospitalbed,Davidfeltweak.Hisorganswerefailing,andhenoticedcuriousredspotsonhisskin.Heaskeddoctorswhatthe“bloodmoles”meant.Butthey,focusedonsavinghislife,weren’tinterestedinthem.CastlemandiseasestruckDavidfourmoretimesoverthenextthreeyears.Despiteitall,hemanagedtograduateandlaterfoundedtheCastlemanDiseaseCollaborativeNetwork(CDCN)devotedtofightingCastlemandisease.Inlate2013,Castlemanstruckagain,landingDavidinthatArkansashospital.Itmarkedhisclosestbrushwithdeathyet.Afterthistime,Davidsetouttotrytosavehisownlife.Examininghismedicalcharts,hezeroedinonanideathatresearchershadn’texplored.Withconsiderableeffort,hefoundadrugcalledSirolimusmightbebeneficialtohisdiscase.Afterconsultingwithhisdoctors,hepickedupthedrug.Sofar,it’sworking.Davidisinrecoveryanddevotinghismedicalcareertosavingotherpatientslikehim.“Ihopemystoryofferslessonsfarbeyondmedicineaboutwhatpeoplecandowhenthey’reupagainstabrickwall,”saysDavid.4.HowdidDavidfeelwhenhavingtheCTscan?AGrateful. B.Awkward. C.Hopeless. D.Unsure.5.Whatdoes“theundertaking”inparagraph2referto?A.DavidfoundedtheCDCN. B.DavidrecoveredfromCastleman.C.DavidsurvivedtheCTscan. D.Davidfoundawaytotreathisdisease.6.WhatdoweknowaboutCastlemandisease?A.Itisararedisease. B.ItkilledDavid’smother.C.Itisakindofcancer. D.Itinterestedmanyexperts.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDavid?A.Selflessandoptimistic. B.Determinedandobservant.C.Ambitiousandconfident. D.Warm-heartedandhardworking.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述DavidFajgenbaum在濒临死亡的时候通过敏锐的洞察力和坚定的意志发现了救治自己和他人的方法，最终战胜Castleman病的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ItwasnearNewYear2014,andDavidFajgenbaum,whowasbattlingCastlemandisease,wasrushedtoaCTscaninanArkansashospital.Tearsstreameddownhisface.Hethoughtaboutthefirstpatientwho’ddiedunderhiscareandhowherbrainhadbledinasimilarwayfromastroke(中风).(2014年新年临近，正在与Castleman病作斗争的大卫·法根鲍姆(DavidFajgenbaum)被紧急送往阿肯色州一家医院做CT扫描。眼泪顺着他的脸流下来。他想起了在他的治疗下死去的第一个病人，以及她的大脑是如何因中风而以类似的方式流血的。)”因为想到他的治疗下死去的第一个病人，由此可推断，他当时是非常绝望的，故选C。5题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文““Youlearnalotbyalmostdying,”theysaid.(“濒死可以学到很多东西，”他们说。)”和最后一段“Afterthistime,Davidsetouttotrytosavehisownlife.Examininghismedicalcharts,hezeroedinonanideathatresearchershadn’texplored.Withconsiderableeffort,hefoundadrugcalledSirolimusmightbebeneficialtohiscase.Afterconsultingwithhisdoctors,hepickedupthedrug.Sofar,it’sworking.Davidisinrecoveryanddevotinghismedicalcareertosavingotherpatientslikehim.(在这之后，大卫开始试图挽救自己的生命。在检查他的病历时，他把注意力集中在一个研究人员从未探索过的想法上。经过相当大的努力，他发现一种名为西罗莫司的药物可能对他的疾病有益。在咨询了医生之后，他选择了这种药。到目前为止，它是有效的。大卫正在康复中，他的医疗事业致力于拯救其他和他一样的病人。)”由此可知，大卫在濒临死亡的时候发现救治自己的药物，所以说是这次经历让他完成了自救，故猜测“theundertaking”意思是大卫发现了救治自己的方法，故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Firstdescribedin1954,Castlemanpresentspartlylikeanautoimmune(自身免疫的)conditionandpartlylikecancer.Itdoesn’thappenveryoften—there’reonlyaround7,000newcaseseachyearintheUnitedStates,soaverylimitednumberofexpertsareonit.(首次描述是在1954年，Castleman的表现部分像自身免疫疾病，部分像癌症。这种情况并