语法专题二十 定语从句

第一讲：定语从句真题自测【2013北京】27.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where【2013福建】27.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_______liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which【2013湖南】21.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whom B.who C.what D.which【2013江苏】32.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when【2013江西】33. Hewrotealetter______heexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident. A.what B.which C.where D.how【2013辽宁】34.Hemaywinthecompetition,_____heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhatcaseD.inwhosecase【2013山东】31.Thereisnosimpleanswer,_____isoftenthecaseinscience.

A.as B.that C.when D.where【2013山东】35.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.when B.where C.which D.whom【2013陕西】16.isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As【2013四川】9.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment______theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where二．考点讲义 （一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、关系副词：when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（关系代词who在从句中作主语） ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。 SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected. Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.考点强化【2013天津】6.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what【2013新课标II卷】4.WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse_Iwouldbestaying.A.what B.when C.where D.which【2013新课标I卷】33.”Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”. A.asthesayinggoesold B.goesastheoldsayingC.astheoldsayinggoes D.goesasoldthesaying【2013浙江】5.Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom【2013浙江】13.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform______visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why【2013重庆】24.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofarefamilymembers.AthemB.thatC.whichD.whom【2013安徽】29.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,madeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which2012年高考全国英语试题语法-定语性从句【2012全国卷II】⒏Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate. A.that B.which C.what D.when【2012安徽】29.Ａlotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this【2012重庆】29.Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【2012北京】26.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.that B.which C.where D.when【2012福建】23.Theairqualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what【2012陕西】14.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what【2012山东】23.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof___havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what【2012湖南】34.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.whatB.inwhatC.whichD.inwhich【2012天津】7.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which【2012江西】28.By16:30,____wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that【2012四川】13.Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem【2012浙江】9.Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich【2012浙江】17.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom【2012江苏】22.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what2011定语从句1.（2011·天津卷）10.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which2.（2011·江西卷）34.Sheshowedhevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction______hastakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich3.（2011·四川卷）17.Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where4.（2011·北京卷）26.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that5.（2011·陕西卷）11.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelakeA.whichB.whereC.whoD.that6.（2011·全国II）7.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which7.（2011·江苏卷）24．Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,__________theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A．When B．Where C．that D．which8.（2011·全国新课标卷）31．Theprizewillgotothewriterstoryshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what9.（2011·浙江卷）8.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof____usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those10.（2011·浙江卷）10.Abankistheplace____theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there四．句子翻译练习我喜欢在森林里漫步和亲近自然的感觉。(get

close

to)法国以其精美的食品和葡萄酒驰名。(be

famous

for)

你应该提前定火车票，这样你就可以节省一些钱。(

in

advance；so)学校为学生提供了现代化的教学设施。(provide

sth.

for

sb.;

teaching

facilities)维护我们的环境其实要比修复它更加的经济也更加容易。(preserve)不论发生什么事情，我将永远都不会放弃。

(No

matter…)他因为迟到向老师道歉，老师一句话没说就接受了他的道歉。（make

an

apology

to

sb

for…;

without

doing

…）莎士比亚不仅是个有名的剧作家也是个非常优秀的演员。（Not

only句首…but

also…）有些学生喜欢和朋友一起学习，其他学生喜欢独自学习。（some…,

others

…

）

他的工作时间表如此繁忙，难怪他这么疲惫。（with

+

名词作状语，it

is

no

wonder(主句)五．完成句子11.__________________________(是传统风俗)tosing“AuldLangSyne”onNewYear’sEveinthewestcountries.（tradition）12.Sometimes_________________________________（几句安慰的话）tosomeonewhohasjustfailedmayencouragehimtostandupandeventrytomakeacomeback.(comfortable)13.______________________(除非控制不了),acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandchallenge.(control)14.Theforestguardsoftenfindcampfiresthat________________________.(没有完全熄灭)(put)15.Ihavebeenworkingforothersforalltheseyears.I’mhoping

(自己创业)someday.(set)16.Afterheretiredfromoffice,Roger_____________________________(画了一段时间的画),butsoonlostinterest.(take)17.Wedidn’tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit__________________________________(结果却非常好).(work)18.She_______________________(对外公开)thatshewasgoingtobemarriednextmonth.(give)19.Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwe’vedecided_________________________________(保留)it.Itmightbevaluable.(hold)20.Heaccidently_____________________(泄漏)thathehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadn’tbeenhomeforacoupleofweeks.(let)六．单词拼写1.You’llstartedtolearna_________________(高等)mathematicswhenyougotocollege.Theboyisinterestedinb_________________(生物),isn’the?Lucyissaidtobeagirlofafirmc________________(性格).Weshoulde_________________(鼓励)astudentwhenhemeetswithdifficulties.Shegotupanddrewthec________________(窗帘)aside.–What’syourf________________sport?--Football,ofcourse.Thepartycaresforusy_________________,asweallknow.Decemberisthet_______________monthoftheyear.Withoutquantitytherecanbenoq_______________.Isthatso?Thestudentssawlotsofworksofartatthee__________________.词汇回顾重点单词1. majoradj.较大的;较多的;主要的2. majorityn.3. localadj.地方的;当地的;乡土的4. representn.代表;表现;描绘5. curiousadj.好奇的;求知的;古怪的6. curiosityn.7. Introducev.介绍;引进8. Introductionn.9. approachv.接近;靠近n.接近;方法;途径10. Strangerv.陌生人;门外人11. Spoken12. express13. action14. likely15. nod16. general17. avoid18. comedy19. misunderstand20. Similar21. agreement22. adult23. punishpunishment重点短语1. Belikelyto很可能…2. Atease舒适3. Neithernor既不…也不…4. Upanddown上上下下5. Tendto趋向6. Closeto7. Looksbintheeyes8. Watchout9. Preventfrom..10. Introduce…to…11. Besimilarto12. Takeaction13. Showrespectfor14. Bewillingtodo八．写作文明礼仪话题作文请根据下列提示用英语在校园网站上报道该校即将举行的一次主题演讲活动。主题：文明校园，我的责任时间：本周六上午地点：学校操场演讲者：各年级演讲前两名获胜者出席人员：全体师生主要内容：不乱扔废弃物，保持校园清洁;爱护花草、树木，让校园充满绿色;不追逐打闹，文明举止;关爱他人，让校园充满爱。参考词汇：文明civilizeTherewillbeaspeechonourschoolpl