初中英语语法定语从句讲解及练习

初中英语语法——定语从句讲解及练习在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whose,whom,which,that,as;引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why;关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.关系副词在定语从句中做状语.一.由who,引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词.例如:Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.Doyouknowthecomradewhospokejustnow?Theboywho//whomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.二.whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词,口语中可以省略.Thedoctor(whom)youarelookingforisintheroom.Theperson(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.(介词后whom不能省略)Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingforareveryhealthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不省略,介词仍放在动词之后)三.whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词.DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary.Passmethedictionarywhosecoverisblack.四.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.Theletter(that//which)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.Ican’tfindtheletterthat//whichcamethismorning.Doyoustillrememberthedays(that//which)wespenttogether?Thisisthemanthat//whohelpedme.Thehouse(that//which)weliveinisnotlarge.=Thehouseinwhichweliveisnotlarge.Thedoctor(that//whom//who)youarelookingforisintheroom.五.which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词.先行词可以是词、短语、句子。Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.Thebuildingwhich//thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)Thehouse(which/that)weliveinisnotlarge.Thisisthewatch(which/that)hewaslookingfor.(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前)六、that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词,但是下列情况只能用that.先行词为不定冠词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等.All(that)youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Thereisn’tmuch(that)Icando.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰时.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时.ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.ThisisthesamebookthatIwanttoread.(同一本书)----ThisisthesamebookasIwanttoread.当主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that引导.Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?⑥先行词既有人又有物时。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecouldremember.⑦time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或last来修饰时，定语从句用that来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last来修饰时，既可用when也可用that来引导。Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallgiveyoualesson.Thefirsttime(that)Isawhimwasin1972.It’stime(that)wegotup.七、as引导的定语从句，as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与thesame…as;such…as,so…as,as…as连用。Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Heisthesameageasyou(are).Hewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyou.Suchstudentsasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.=Studentssuchasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.在thesame…后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：that引出的定语从句，指的是与先行词同一事物；而as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。IwanttousethesametoolthatIusedyesterday.IwanttousethesametoolasIusedyesterday.八、由when引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.(介词＋which可以代替when)I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.[Irememberthedayswhich//thatwespenttogether.]九、由where引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。Thisistheplacewherewelivedforfiveyears.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.(介词＋which可以代替where)[Thisisaplacewhich//thatIwantedtovisit.]十、Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill.=============================================================非限定性定语从句who指人，做主语。YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobeverybusy.whom指人,作宾语.Hehadmanyfriends,manyofwhomhadbeenintheuniversities.whose指人,作定语.TheChairman’sdaughter,whosenameisAnn,gaveTomasmile.which指物,做主语,宾语.Hisspeech,whichboredeveryone,wentonandon.Thespeech,whichhehadwrittenonthepaper,seemedendless.where指地点,作状语.GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh.when指时间,作状语.Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations.as做主语,表语,宾语;先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.As引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经构成固定搭配.AseverybodycanseeaswasusualAscanbeseenasIexpectedAsisknowntoall，asmaybeimaginedasyouknowasisexpectedashasbeensaidbeforeasisreportedasisoftensaidasisannounced限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：限定性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。*******as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的比较：非限定性定语从句位于句未，而且as和which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时可互换。Heisafarmer,as/whichisclearfromhismanner.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whichanybodycansee.2.which引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未，而as引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。放在句首时不能用which替换。Crusoelosthisdog,whichmadehimverysadTaiwanispartofChina,as/whichisknowntoall.Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.3.as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事”，常与see，hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以……”。Cyprus,asyouallknow,isintheMediterranean.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.4.as引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语时，其后面的谓语动词大多数必须是连系动词。如果从句谓语动词是行为动词，则必须用which。Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.Sherefusedtotakethemedicine,whichmadehermotherangry.Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedherfromgoingtoShenyang.Heisabsent,asisoftenthecase.TheendChoosethebestanswers:CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which_______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItThefenceinourgarden,______myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whereThere’sstillmuch______canbeimprovedaboutit.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.whatWhenlostinwork,____heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatBsoC.justlikeD.asMrJohnson’sson,______livesinChicago,isadoctor.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whichWehadtodelaythepartytillnextweek,______weshouldhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.whenB.whichC.atwhichD.inthatWetraveledtogetherasfarasChicago,______wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.whichB.whenC.whyD.whereI’llneverforgettheyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoHearrivedinNewYorkin1896,_______,sometimelater,hebecameawriter.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichShemayhavemissedhertrain,in______caseshewon’tarriveforanotherhour.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.thisHehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichdoIthinkisC.IthinkwhichisD.whichIthinkitisI’llrememberthetime_____wespenttogetherinthecountry.A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich14.Idon’tbelievethereason______hehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whatThereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,______servedasakitchen.A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallofwhichC.thesmallerofthemD.thesmalleroneHelivedinLondonfor3years,during_____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.sameWillyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice.A.xB.inwhichC.thatD.whereAlicehasalargecollectionofphotos,______wastakeninLondon.A.noneofthemB.nooneofwhichC.allofwhichD.noneofwhichHissisterhadbecomeateacher,______waswhathewantedtobe.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.whichNextwinter_____you’llspendinHarbin,I’msure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.whereWiththefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_____villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhichTheboss,_____restaurantIamserving,isakindheartedman.A.inwhichB.inwhoseC.whereD.whichIfellmostangryabouttheway______I’vebeentreated.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.howHewasrudetotheCustomsofficer,_____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.whichThereisamountain_____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.it’sD.thatHehashadthesamelife______hisfatherlived.A.whereB.asC.thatD.whenDorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.whatRecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhoseTheChicagoBullswasmadeupofthebestbasketballplayersintheStates,and____wereblackAmericans.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhomC.mostofthatD.mostofwhich“______breakthelawshouldbepunished,”thejudgeshouted.A.SomeoneB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.ThosewhoIsthereagasstationaround______Icangetsomepetrol.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.thatIsthereanythingelse______yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatThelastplace_______wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itHetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whenTherailwaytunnel,through_____thetraingoeswillbecompletedsoon.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whomThereisnodictionary_______youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthatNextmonth,______you’llspendinyourhometown,iscoming.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereNextmonth,______you’llbeinyourhometown,iscoming.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereHewantedtoknowthetime______heneededtoknow.AthatB.whenC.whereD.whatThereisn’tsomuchnoiseinthecountry_______inbigcities.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.asTheycouldonlyreadsuchstories______hadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.A.thatB.whichC.asDwhatCrusoe’sdogbecameillanddied,_______madehimverylonely.A.asB.whichC.thatD.this_______weknownow,batscomesoutonlyatnight.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.WhatJohngotbeateninthegame,______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who45._______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As46.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,______writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem47.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,________aregirls.A.ofwhomtwo-thirdsB.two-thirdofthemC.two-thirdinthemD.two-thirdsinwhich48.Doyouknowtheman_________?A.whomIspokeB.towhoIspokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke49.Thisisoneofthebestfilms________thisyear.A.havebeenshownB.thathaveshownC.thathavebeenshownD.whichhasbeenshown50.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere51.I’lltellyou_______hetoldmelastmonth.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all52.Istillremembertheday_____shefirstworethatpinkdress.A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich53.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatBxC.whichD.it54.I’vereadallthebooks______wereborrowedfromthelibrary.A.thatB.xC.whichD.they55.Youcantakeanyseat_______isfree.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.inwhich56.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which57.Pleasepassmethedictionary______coverisblack.A.whichB.whichofC.itsD.whose58.Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone59.Hehastwosons,_______workaschemists.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom60.I,______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis61.TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom_____youboughtlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat62.Chinahashundredsofislands,________thelargestisTaiwan.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.ofwhichD.whi