关于定语从句

关于定语从句一．概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。e.gThegirlwhoisstandingisMary.先行词关系词二．种类：定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。Themanwho/thatcamefirstisMike.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmeteachother.Hismotherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,whichisgoodforherhealth.三．常见关系词的用法：（见下表）关系词关系词所指关系词在句中作用that人/物(仅限定性从句)主、(宾、表)which物主、(宾)、who人主、(宾)whom人(宾)Whose/ofwhich+the+n/the+n.ofwhich人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表when时间时间状语where地点地点状语Why/forwhich原因原因状语四．定语从句的辨认与使用，基本步骤：（1）要判断出先行词（2）要确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分（3）要确定关系代词的人称和数，以确保从句中谓语动词的正确使用以及代词格的正确运用。e.gDoyouknowthosewhowanttoplaytennis?Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.I，whoamyourteacher,willdomybesttohelpyou.五．特殊情况：1在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。（介词后不能跟that，而跟which）下列情况下，只能用that，而不能用which.序数词/最高级/不定代词（all,no,much,every,oneof…）/thesame/very/only+n.+that….序数词/最高级/不定代词(all/much/afew/none/theone/everything/nothing…)+that…Somethingandsomeone+that…以which/who开头或多个定语从句中已有which/who时用that注意：who,that一般可以互换，但是介词后只能用whom,先行词为one(s)/anyone/those时，用who.六．关于as引导的定语从：as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。常见情况：1.thesame/such(+n.)as-clause,so/as+adj.+a/an+n.as-clauseThisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.Suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow.ThisbookisnotsuchasIhope.注意：（1）关于thesame…that与thesame…as…as,that都可以与thesame连用，但是as指同一类，后面常省略谓语that则指同一个，谓语一般不省。e.gShehasthesamebookasyou.她的书和你的一样。Shehasthesamebookthatyoulost.她的书就是你丢的那本。关于such/so…that…与such/so…as…such/so…that引导的是状语从句，such/so…as引导的是定语从句。e.gHereisuchabigstoneasnoonecanlift.(as做宾语)Hereissuchabigstonethatnoonecanliftit.2.as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：as:意为“正如。。。，像。。。”；从句可放主句前、主句后、主句中；从句可为被动;从句为简单宾语。常见使用as句式：asissaidabove,asalreadymentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper.which:意为“这。。。这些。。。”；从句放主句后；从句一般为主动；从句可为复合宾语；从句可为否定句e.gAsisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanweexpected.HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.Shepassedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsveryhappy.七．特殊句式：（1）theway+that/x/inwhich…（2）Isthis/that+n.+theone+关系词+clauseIsthis/that+the+n.+关系词+clauseoneof+n(pl.)+that/who+clause(复数谓语)theonlyoneof+n(pl)+that/who+clause(单数谓语)（4）含有插入语的定语从句，可隐去插入语，分析句子成分。Hemadeanotherdiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.Theperson,whoourheadmasterthinksisfitforthejob,isexcellent.thelast/secondtime/place(that)+clauseIcouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)Ifailed.八．关于介词+关系代词（介词+which/who）中介词的判断：（1）根据从句中的动词搭配判断Therewasnopersontowhomhecouldturnforhelp.（2）根据先行词判断Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhetalks.（3）根据上文判断Thecompanyinwhichheworkedisingoodordernow.九．巩固练习：1,Mr.Johnson’sson,livesinChicago,isadoctor.A,who B,whom C,that D,which2,Thepen,Ipaid2dollars,waslost.A,which B,that C,forwhich D,towhich3,Mr.Jacksonistheonlyforeignerispresentattheparty.A,whom B,that C,who D,which4,InclasstheteacheraskedmemanyquestionsmostofIcouldn’tanswered.A,there B,those C,that D,which5,Idon’tlikesuchapersonoftenliesbeforeyourface.A,what B,that C,as D,which6,Ilikesubjectashedoes.A,as B,so C,like D,thesame7,Hegavememoremoneyneeded.A,than B,that C,which D,as8,ThisisoneofthegreatestmanIhaveheardof.A,which B,that C,where D,who9,Wehadtodelaythepartytillthenextweek,weshouldhavesomethingimportanttodo.A,when B,which C,atwhich D,inthat10.Theoldmanhadfoursons,allofdiedduringtheWar.A.them B.which C.whom D.that11.Thosewanttoseethefilmpleasehandinyourmoneyafterclass.A.who B.that C.which D.whom12.ThisistheveryboyIhavebeenlookingfor.A.which B.that C.who D.whom13.Hehadasonhetookpride.A.inwhom B.inwho C.ofwhom D.ofwho14.WehadatiringmeetingIkeptfallingasleep.A.where B.which C.that D.duringwhich15.Idon’tthinkthenumberofthepeoplethishappenedisverylarge.A.whom B.who C.towhom D.ofwhom16.Hearrivedhalfanhourlater,madeusunhappy.A.that B.as C.when D.which17.Heisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacher.A.were B.was C.have D.has18.Thedaywillsooncomemanwillsetfootonanotherplanet.A.which B.when C.why D.where19.WetraveledtogetherasfarasChicago,wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.which B.when C.why D.where20.AllIwanttosayhasbeensaid.A.thething B.what C.that D.which21.Takecareofthegirlandthedogarecrossingthestreet.A.which B.who C.that D.whom22.Herparentswouldn’tallowhertomarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A.whose B.that C.who D.which23.Ilikethegardenverymuchtherearealotofbeautifulflowers.A.where B.which C.that D.inthat24.Ilovemyfather,isalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.who B.whom C.which D.that25.Idon’tliketheyouspeaktoMother.A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich26.Iamnotinterestedinanybookshere.A.thatyoubroughtit B.whichyoubroughtitC.thatyoubrought D.whichyoubrought27.Shewasrich,unfortunatelyIwasnot.A.that B.which C.who D.whose28.Howlovelythebabyis，issleepinginhermother’sarms.A.which B.that C.who D.whose29.Thepolicefoundtheknifehekilledhiswife.A.withwhich B.which C.bywhich D./30.Tellmeyourreasonyoutoldalietomyface.A.that B.which C.how D.why31.Idon’tknowthereasonhe’scomesolate.A./ B.forwhich C.why D.BandC32.IsleptonthebedIputmyshoes.A.where B.onwhich C.underwhich D.inwhich33.Thisdictionary,thefewpagesaremissing,isofnouse.A.amongwhich B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.towhich34.Thefacthastobefacedthenearestfillingstationisthirtykilometeraway.A.that B.which C.where D.inwhich35.HeexpressedahopehewouldvisitChinaagainthenextyear,andthiswastheveryhopehewouldexpressedassoonashearrivedinthecountry.A.that,that B.which,which C.that,which D.which,that36.Thestudentsgaveaquickanswertothequestiontheydidit,wasraisedbytheforeignvisitors.A.which,which B.why,which C.why,that D.that,thatisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.A.As B.Which C.That D.What38.IwillneverforgettheyearsIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who39.Isawsometreestheleaveswereblackwithdisease.A.where B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.whose40.Thebuildingwindowsarebrightisourschoollibrary.A.where B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.whose41.OnthebusIsawastudentIthoughtwasyourbrother.A.who B.whom C.he D.him42.Heisthestudentyouthinktobeworthyofourpraise.A.who B.whom C.he D.him43.Jackistheonlyoneoftheclassmateswhoinvited.A.has B.have C.is D.are44.IsthisbookIboughtforyouthedaybeforeyesterday?A.which B.that C./ D.theone45.ThehealthclubIamanumbermeetsonceaweek.A.which B.ofwhich C.that D.inwhich46.Thescienceofmedicine,progresshasbeenveryrapidlately,isperhapsthemostimportantofallthescience.A.towhich B.inwhich C.which D.withwhich47.Iwillrememberthetimewespenttogetherinthecountry.A.that B.when C.duringwhich D.atwhich48.Theprofessormadehisfirstspeech__hetalkedaboutsomesubjectsthestudentswereinterested.A.that B.which C.inwhich D.ofwhich49.Ilikethemanhewastenyearsago.A.that B.whom C.who D.whose50.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.that B.who C.whom D.towhom51.IshowedthedoctormylegIfeltpain.A.that B.which C.where D.as52.Idon’tbelievethereasonhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.why B.that C.how D.what53.Thisisthewomanthemusiciansaidwasregardedasthebestpianistinthecountry.A.who B.whom