高考英语培优增分一轮人教经典版培优讲义选修85Unit5Meetingyourancestors

话题素材——古代文化[话题词汇]1．historiann.历史学家2．primitiveadj.原始的3．ancientadj.古代的4．civilizedadj.文明的5．hardshipn.苦难6．culturalgap文化差距7．originatefrom起源于8．eintobeing形成；产生；出现9．historicrelics历史遗产10．datebackto/datefrom追溯到11．inmemoryof为了纪念12．passdown传递；使流传13．lookbackathistory回顾历史14．settlein定居；安顿下来15．ancientsociety古代社会[经典佳句]1．Inthecourseofhistory,everyeventwillexertitsinfluenceonthe_pastandthe_present.在历史的发展进程中，每一事件都会对当时和过去产生影响。2．Lifeconsists_of_not_onlysunshinebut_alsohardtimes.生活充满的不仅仅是阳光，还有艰苦岁月。3．Thisisthe_site_ofUpperCaveman,whereourancestorsoncelived.这就是山顶洞人的遗址，我们祖先在远古生活的地方。精美语篇TothesouthwestofBeijingliesZhoukoudian,wherePekingManarebelievedtohavelived.Theylivedinthecaves,regardlessofthecold.Theydidn'thavemats,blanketsorquilts.Buttheymadefirestocookthefood,scarewildbeastsawayandkeepwarm.PekingMandidn'tgrowtheirowncropsbutpickedfruitwhenitripenedandhuntedanimalswithaspear.Theyusedthesharpenedstonetoolstocutupanimalsandremovetheirskin,ontowhichtheyrubbedanampleamountofsalttomakeitsoft.Theyusedaneedle,whichwasatmostthreecentimeterslong,tomakeclotheswhosematerialsaretheskinsoftheanimals.Theyevenworeaprimitivenecklace,whichwasmadeofseashells.PekingMansufferedfromcold,starvationanddiseases.However,thediscoveryofthecaveisofgreatsignificancetothestudyofhumanhistory.◆高频单词1．alternative(n.)可能的选择(adj.)供选择的；其他的2．starvation(n.)挨饿；饿死→starve(vi.)挨饿；饿死3．accuracy(n.)精确；准确→accurate(adj.)准确的；精确的4．interrupt(vt.&vi.)打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止5．acute(adj.)有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的6．assume(vt.)假定；设想；承担→assumption(n.)假定；承担7．sharpen(vi.&vt.)(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp(adj.)锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener(n.)磨具；削具8．messy(adj.)凌乱的；脏的→mess(n.)凌乱；脏9．analysis(n.)(pl.analyses)分析→analyse(vt.)分析；分解10．ripen(vt.&vi.)使……成熟；成熟→ripe(adj.)成熟的11．significance(n.)意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant(adj.)重要的12．somehow(adv.)以……方式；不知怎么地13．systematic(adj.)有系统的；有计划的；有条理的→system(n.)系统；体系14．delete(vt.)删；删除15．receptionist(n.)接待员；招待员→receive(v.)收到；接待→reception(n.)接待处；欢迎16．division(n.)分割；划分；分配；分界线→divide(vt.)划分；隔开；分割17．applaud(vi.&vt.)鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause(n.)鼓掌18．accelerate(vi.&vt.)加速；促进→acceleration(n.)加速19．arrest(vt.)逮捕；吸引(n.)逮捕；拘留→arresting(adj.)引人注意的；很有吸引力的◆重点短语1．havenoalternativebuttodo...别无选择；只好……2．regardless_of不管；不顾3．keep_out阻止进入4．at_most至多；最多5．cut_up切碎6．fedupwith受够了；饱受；厌烦7．lookahead向前看；为将来打算8．arrestsb.for...因……而逮捕某人9．withrelief欣慰地；轻松地10．datebackto追溯到；始于◆热点句型1．Itseems(tosb.)that...“(对某人来说)似乎……”It_seems_that(看起来似乎)theyusedthesharpenedstonetoolstocutupanimalsandremovetheirskin.(教材P38)2．as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”Yes,indeed,as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us(正如植物学的分析结果已经向我们展示的),allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.(教材P39)3．ifonly常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句，表示“要是……就好了”If_only(要是……就好了)itcouldbejustlikelastyear！(教材P43)4．“had＋过去分词...when...”表示“刚刚……这时……”Shehad_almost_reached(就要到达)herdestinationwhen(这时)adelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.(教材P43)5．onlytodo表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却……”Abruptlyshesatdown,only_to_be_scooped_up(结果却被……搂了起来)byherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.(教材P43)◆同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,________areinterestedinarchaeology.答案：who2．Youmustbeawarethatit'shere________wefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld.答案：that3．Sowethinkitisreasonable________(assume)theylivedinthesecaves,regardless________thecold.答案：toassume;of4．Theycouldn'thavemats,blanketsorquiltslikewedo.Itmust________(be)veryunfortable.答案：havebeen5．Theymighthavekeptthefire________(burn)allwinter.答案：burning6．Wehaven'tfoundanydoorsbutwethinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeep________thecoldduringthefreezingwinter.答案：out7．Weknowthattheymovedaround,________(follow)theherdsofanimals.答案：following8．That's________theyarecalledhuntersandgatherers.答案：why9．Hehadalarge,squareface,________stronglypronouncedeyebrowsandcheekbones.答案：with10．LalasmiledandhandedsomestonescrapersovertoDahu,________smiledandwentoutsidethecavetobeginhistask.答案：who1alternativeadj.供选择的；其他的n．可能的选择；选择对象教材原句Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？(P37)你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？(1)havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做某事的选择there'snoalternative...……别无选择analternativeto...……的替代品(2)alternativelyadv.可供选择地①I'mafraidIhave_no_alternative_but_to_reportyoutothepolice.恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我别无选择了。②Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhave_the_alternative_of_bringingyourown.要是你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以选择自己带饭。[联想]“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式a．havenochoicebuttodosth.b．cannotbutdosth.c．candonothingbutdosth.d．cannothelp/choosebutdosth.2interruptvt.&vi.打断……讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔教材原句I'msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere？(P38)对不起，打断了你的讲话，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？(1)interruptsb./sth.(withsth.)(因某事)打断某人/某事(2)interruptionn.打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物withoutinterruption连续地；不断地；不受打扰①Theywere_interruptedbyasuddenandurgentknockatthedoor.他们被突然而急促的敲门声打断了。②Let'sgosomewherewherewecantalkwithout_interruption.我们去个说话不受打扰的地方吧。3assumevt.假定；设想；承担教材原句Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.(P38)所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(1)assumesb./sth.tobe假定/假设某人/某事为……Itisassumedthat...……被认为……(2)assumptionn.假定；假设makeanassumption认为；假定ontheassumptionthat...假定……(3)assuming(that)conj.假设，假定(4)类似assuming引导条件状语从句时，用法相似的表达有：①supposing(that)conj.假设；假如②provided/providing(that)conj.只要；如果③giventhatconj.鉴于；考虑到④consideringprep.&conj.鉴于；考虑到①Weassumed_him_to_bethebestwriterofourtime.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。②It_isgenerallyassumed_thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍认为，压力是由于工作过多导致。③Assuming/Supposing(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假如下雨的话，我们该怎么办？4somehowadv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地教材原句SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoalternativemeansoftransport.(P40)不管怎样他都会骑车去三十英里之外的布莱克博士那儿，因为没有其他可供选择的交通方式。somehow常用于陈述句、否定句，可置于句首或句尾，修饰全句。①Bothmentators,somehow,_aremissingthepoint.不知怎么地，两位评论员都跑题了。②Don'tworry,we'llgetthemoneybacksomehow.别担心，我们总会把那些钱设法拿回来的。③Asweallknow,mostofusmiddleschoolstudentsfeelsomehownervouswheneverwe'retakinganimportantexam.众所周知，我们大多数中学生在要参加重要考试时，都会紧张。[易混辨析]anyhow＝anyway，意为“无论如何”somehow意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因；不知怎么地”somewhat意为“有点；稍微”④用anyhow,somehow,somewhat的适当形式填空a．IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow,_butIhadnoideahowtodothat.b．ThepricewassomewhathigherthanI'dexpected.c．Itmayrain,butanyhowIshallgoout.Idon'tmindtherain.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theriverformsthe________(divide)betweentheoldandnewpartsofthecity.答案：division由空格前的the可知，此处应填名词形式。名词division，意为“分界线”。2．Bloodsamplesweresenttothelaboratoryfor________(analyse)．答案：analysis句意：血样已被送往实验室进行血液分析。由空格前的介词for可知，此处应填名词形式。3．HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehis________(assume)?答案：assumption句意：Ebbesmeyer是如何证明他的假定的？由句意及his均可判定，设空处应填名词形式。4．Whileworkingouttheproblem,youshouldpaymoreattentiontothe________(accurate)．答案：accuracy句意：在解决问题的时候，你应该多注意准确性。由空格前的冠词the可知，此处填名词形式。5．They________(sharp)chopsticksandusethemasweapons.答案：sharpen句意：他们把筷子削尖用作武器。该句缺少谓语动词，and连接并列谓语，由use的时态可知此处填sharpen。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Ihadnoalternativebutreporthimtotheheadteacher.________________________________________________________答案：report前加to2．Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butanyhowhefellbehind.________________________________________________________答案：anyhow→somehow3．Imanagedtoworkfortwohourswithoutinterrupt.________________________________________________________答案：interrupt→interruption4．Theplantobecarriedoutisofgreatsignificanttopeople'slivesthere.________________________________________________________答案：significant→significance5．Afriendhasbeenarrestedofpossessionofguns.________________________________________________________答案：第一个of→forregardlessof不管；不顾教材原句Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves，regardlessofthecold.P38所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。(1)regardlessofthefactthat...不管/不顾……(2)inspiteof＝despite不顾/虽然/尽管……(3)asregards＝regarding＝in/withregardto关于；至于(4)regard...as...把……看作……①Ourclubisopentoeveryoneregardless_ofage,sexoreducationalbackground.我们的俱乐部对每一个人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。②In_spite_of/Despitehisage,hestillleadsanactivelife.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。datebackto(＝datefrom)追溯到……教材原句AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.(P44)所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址的同一挖掘现场，它们可追溯到3,000至5,000年前。datebackto＝datefrom追溯到；始于uptodate时髦的outofdate过时的①Thechurchdates_from/dates_back_tothe13thcentury.这座教堂建于13世纪。②Accordingtotheexpert,thetemplehasahistorydating_backtotheearlyTangDynasty.那位专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。③Thisisanoldbuildingdating_back_to/dating_fromthe14thcentury.这是一座始于14世纪的古老建筑。Ⅰ.选词填空lookahead;atmost;havenoalternativebuttodo;arrest...for;withrelief1．I________turntomyparentsforhelp.答案：havenoalternativebutto2．Thereisonlytenmetersfromhere________.答案：atmost3．He'stryingto________atwhatmighthappenandbereadytohandleit.答案：lookahead4．She________drug­relatedoffences.答案：wasarrestedfor5．Hewatched________asthegirlnodded.答案：withreliefⅡ.完成句子1．______________________________________，wehavetofollowhisdecisions.无论他是对还是错，我们得服从他的决定。答案：Regardlessofwhetherheisrightorwrong2．ThemodernhistoryofItaly____________________1860.意大利的现代史可以追溯到1860年。答案：datesbackto/datesfrom3．—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I________________________peppersforthelastfiveminutes.——托尼，你的眼睛为什么是红的？——那是因为近5分钟以来我一直在切辣椒。答案：havebeencuttingup4．____________________thehouseworkallthetime,shehashiredacleaner.厌倦了一直做家务，她请了一名清洁工。答案：Fedupwithdoing5．Please____________________theroom.It'stoodirtyandnoisy.请别让狗进屋，它太脏太吵了。答案：keepthedogoutofeq\a\vs4\al(Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear！P43,要是能跟去年那样该多好啊！)ifonly“但愿……；要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。(1)“ifonly...could/would/might＋do...”表示对将来事情的愿望。(2)“ifonly...did...”表示对与现在事实相反的愿望。(3)“ifonly...haddone...”表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。①If_onlythewholefamilycould_beunitedduringtheSpringFestival!今年春节全家能团圆就好了！②IfonlyI_hadenoughmoneytobuyaniPhone!如果我有足够的钱买一部iPhone，那该多好啊！③IfonlyI_had_rememberedtolockthedoor!要是我没忘记锁门就好了！[易混辨析]ifonly用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气onlyif由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”；“only＋if状语”位于句首时，引起主句部分倒装④用ifonly,onlyif的适当形式填空a．If_onlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages.b．Only_ifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIe.Abruptlyshesatdown，onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing，shoutingsister，Luna.P43突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。(1)onlytodosth.“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。(2)现在分词作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果。①Hecamebackinthelateafternoononly_to_discoverthathissuitcasewasgone.下午晚些时候他回来，结果却发现手提箱不见了。②Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathingthemountainingoldenlight.太阳开始升上天空，使大山沐浴在金色的阳光中。③HehasgotmarriedandsettledinAustralia,thusleavinghisfamilyinHongKong.他结婚定居在澳洲，因此把他的家人留在了香港。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Tomtookataxitotheairport,only________(find)hisplanehighupinthesky.答案：tofind固定句式“only＋todo”表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。此处不定式用作结果状语。2．Hisparentsdiedtwoyearsago,________(leave)himanorphan.答案：leaving现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。3．Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thus________(cause)thedelay.答案：causing此处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词。句意：公共汽车被暴风雪所阻，因而造成了延误。Ⅱ.完成句子1．LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI__________________________.看看，我陷入麻烦了！要是我听了你的建议就好了。答案：hadfollowedyouradvice2．IfonlyI______________anewCDbutI____________enoughmoneythen.要是当时我买了一张新的唱片多好啊，可是钱不够。答案：hadbought;didn'thave动词时态：现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，其动作是否持续下去，则由上下文决定。1．叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与for,since,allmorning/day/week等状语连用。①Thetelephonehasbeenringingforalmostaminute.Whydoesn'tsomeoneanswerit?响了几乎一分钟，为什么没有人接呢？2．表示重复的动作。有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续的重复。②—We'vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well,itisn'tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelativeshavebeeningaroundallthetime.——最近我们花了太多的钱。——好啦，这不惊奇。我们的朋友和亲戚一直来访。3．表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。③Shehasbeensweepingthestreetallday.Sheistootired.她整天在打扫街道，她太累了。4．带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。④Oh,you'veeatlast!Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwolonghours.哦，你终于来了！我一直等了你两小时。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．We________(wait)hereformorethantwohours.答案：havebeenwaiting句意：我们已经在这里等了两个多小时。指动作从过去持续至今仍在继续，故用现在完成进行时。2．Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we________(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.答案：havebeentrying句意：自从人类开始园艺劳动以来，我们一直在设法使我们的环境变得更加美丽。由句意可知，应用现在完成进行时。时间状语sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening也是提示。3．—WhereisPeter?Ican'tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand________(write)hisessaythereeversince.答案：hasbeenwriting由时间状语eversince可知，write这一动作从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在，故用现在完成进行时。4．Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand________(take)badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.答案：hasbeentaking句意：那个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年中，她每周参加两次羽毛球课程。由时间状语overthelastthreeyears及句意可知，谓语动词应用现在完成进行时。5．Marty________(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.答案：hasbeenworking句意：马蒂一直在努力写他的书，他想他在周五前会完成它。根据句中的byFriday可判断出，work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，并将继续下去，故用现在完成进行时。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Tomhasbeendiginthegarden.I'vebeenhelpinghim.________________________________________________________答案：dig→digging2．Josephhadbeengoingtoeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan'tsay“What'syourname？”inRussian.________________________________________________________答案：had→has3．Themanagerhasbeentoldtheworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.________________________________________________________答案：told→tellingⅠ.阅读理解A[2016·四川高考]InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“lawlessness”intheworld.ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears，”saysGin.“I'vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife，”continuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”Hisblack－and－whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself－supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，题材为社会生活类。文章主要介绍了居住在法属圭亚那热带雨林深处的土著居民。由于居住地偏远，他们过着一种未开化的生活，但同时也受到了现代法国生活方式的影响。1．WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?A．TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.B．TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.C．Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.D．TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，这些人主要按照他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活，很少遵守法国法律。故答案为A项。2．GinintroducesthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas________.A．atourguide B．ageographerC．afilmdirector D．aphotographer答案：D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“aphotographicrecord”可知，Gin是以摄影师的身份来向人们介绍这些土著居民的。故答案为D项。3．WhatisGin'sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及最后两句的描述“我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界，而是一片自由的乐土。”可推断出，摄影师Gin很欣赏他们的生活方式。故选D项。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B．Theself－supportinghunting.C．Theuncivilizedworld.D．TheFrenchRepublic.答案：A指代判断题。根据画线词后的内容可知，随之而来的不仅有必要的社会福利，还有酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀，这些变化是与传统的自给自足的狩猎生活方式不同的现代的法国生活方式所导致的，故it应指“现代的法国生活方式”。故选A项。BInancientEgypt,ashopkeeperdiscoveredthathecouldattractcustomerstohisshopsimplybymakingchangestoitsenvironment.Modernbusinesseshavebeenfollowinghislead,withmoretactics(策略)．Onetacticinvolveswheretodisplaythegoods.Forexample,storesplacefruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection.Theyknowthatcustomerswhobuythehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywillbuymorejunkfoodlaterintheirtrip.Indepartmentstores,thewomen'sshoesectionisgenerallynexttothewomen'scosmetics(化妆品)section:whiletheshopassistantisgoingbacktofindtherightsizeshoe,boredcustomersarelikelytowanderovercosmeticstheymightwanttotrylater.Besides,businessesseektoappealtocustomers'senses.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoodsencouragesshopping,sotheymaketheirownbreadeachmorningandthenfanthebreadsmellintothestorethroughouttheday.Musicsellsgoods,too.ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenFrenchmusicwasplayed,salesofFrenchwinewentup.Whenitestothesellingofhouses,businessesalsousehighlyrewardingtactics.Theyfindthatcustomersmakedecisioninthefirstfewsecondsuponwalkinginthedoor,andturnitintoabusinessopportunity.ACaliforniabuilderdesignedthestructureofitshousessmartly.Whenenteringthehouse,thecustomerwouldseethePacificOceanthroughthewindows,andthenthepoolthroughanopenstairwayleadingtothelowerlevel.Theinstantviewofwateronbothlevelshelpedsellthese$10millionhouses.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。你知道现在的商家是如何吸引顾客的吗？他们效仿古埃及店主的做法，通过对购物环境做一些改变及其他更多策略来吸引顾客。5．Whydostoresusuallydisplayfruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection?A．Tosavecustomers'time.B．Toshowtheyarehighqualityfoods.C．Tohelpselljunkfood.D．Tosellthematdiscountprices.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，此举目的是为了能够使顾客在情绪高兴的情况下不知不觉选购一些垃圾食品。故选C项。6．AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingencouragescustomerstobuy?A．Openingthestoreearlyinthemorning.B．DisplayingBritishwinesnexttoFrenchones.C．Invitingcustomerstoplaymusic.D．Fillingthestorewiththesmelloffreshbread.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，烤面包的味道能促进顾客购物，因此他们让面包味充满着整个商店。故选D项。7．WhatistheCaliforniabuilder'sstoryintendedtoprove?A．Thehousestructureisakeyfactorcustomersconsider.B．Themorecostlythehouseis,thebetteritsells.C．Anoceanviewismuchtothecustomers'taste.D．Agoodfirstimpressionincreasessales.答案：D推理判断题。最后一段主要是说顾客在进门的头几秒钟就会作出是否购买的决定，由此可推知，良好的第一印象会有助于增加销量。故选D项。8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainhowbusinessesturnpeopleintotheircustomers.B．Tointroducehowbusinesseshavegrownfromthepast.C．Toreportresearchesoncustomerbehavior.D．Toshowdishonestbusinesspractices.答案：A推理判断题。文章的第一段就点明了主题。本文主要介绍的是商家是通过哪些手段促使人们购物，从而把人们变成顾客的。故选A项。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2018·成都诊断]SomepeopledescribeAmericansocietyasasaladbowlwhileothersthinkofitasameltingpot.Inabowlofsalad,alltheingredientsaremixedtogether.__1__Together,however,theingredientsmakeupaunity.Alltheingredientsofasaladcontributetothefinishedproduct.Theymaybecoveredwiththesamedressing(调味酱),butthegreenvegetables,tomatoesandcookedcorncanallbeseenforwhattheyare.Fromthispointofview,Americaisverymuchlikeasaladbowlwhereindividualethnicgroupsmixtogether,yetmaintaintheirculturaluniqueness.Peoplemayworktogetherduringthedayatsimilarjobsandinthesamepanies,butatnighttheymayreturntotheirethnicgroupswheretheirownindividualculturedirectstheirwayoflife.__2__Eachethnicgrouphasitsownspecialcustoms,language,foodandtraditionstoprotectanddefend.Thisideaofthesaladbowlisreferredtoasculturaldiversity;thatis,Americansocietyisacollectionofvariouscultureslivingtogetherinharmonywithinonecountry.__3__Here,societyislikeonelargepotofsoup.Allculturalaspectsaremixedtogether,sacrificingtheiroriginalidentityandkeepingabitofwhattheyweretobeeanewreality.Thelongerthesoupiscooked,thebetterthetasteandthemorelikelyitwillbeforthemixturetodissolve.Inthissense,Americacansurelybeseenasameltingpotwherepeoplefromallovertheworldetoliveandworktogetherformingonenation.Therearedozensofsharedsymbols.__4__Insuchaculture,symbolsliketheflagandthenation'sofficialsongservetobreakdownthewallswhichseparateethnicgroups.Whetherasaladbowlorameltingpot,Americacanbebestdescribedasamixtureofboth.__5__A．Botharecorrectdependingonone'spointofview.B．Theyneverlosetheirshapes,colorsortastes.C．ThisiswhythereissomuchdiversitywithinAmerica.D．Inotherwords,Americaisanationwherethereisunityindiversity.E．Thus,oneneedstoabandonone'sculturetobeconsid­ered“American”．F．TheyservetodevelopthevariousethnicgroupstocreateanewAmericanculture.G．Theothertheory,whichisalsousedtodescribeAmericansociety,isthemeltingpot.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章用沙拉碗以及大熔炉作比喻，形象地说明了美国社会的特点和特质。1．B根据上下文可知在沙拉碗里，各种沙拉的成分混合在一起，但它们还都保持各自的形状，颜色及口味，所以答案是B。2．C根据上下文可知，这就是为什么在美国有如此多样性的原因，每一个民族都有自己的语言及风俗习惯等，C项起到了过渡句的作用，承上启下，所以答案是C。3．G下文主要讲述了美国社会被称为大熔炉的原因，所以答案是G。4．F根据上下文可知，来自世界不同地方的人来美国定居、工作，他们融合在一起创造出一种新的美国文化，所以答案是F。5．D根据上文可知，美国是沙拉碗还是大熔炉，美国最好可以被称为两者的混合物。也就是说，美国是一个具有多样性统一的国家，所以答案是D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。[2018·安徽蚌埠一模]Inrecentyears,Internetvotinghasbeeincreasingly__1__(popularity)inChina.Peoplenotonlycastonlinevotes__2__(them),butalsourgeotherstovotefor__3__(pete)like“theMostBeautifulTeacher”and“theCutestBaby”．LinYue,ahighschoolstudent,isinvitedtovotein“theBestPoliceOfficer”，__4__(organize)bythelocalgovernmenttoletthepublichave__5__betterunderstandingofpoliceofficers'dailywork.LinYuevisitsthewebsiteandreadsallthestories.Heis