06- 备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）（解析版）

备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）黄金卷06（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023上·北京·高三校联考开学考试）ItwasanordinarysummerafternoonwhenIfirstfoundoutaboutmygrandpa’s1garden.Thatday,afterschool,insteadofwalkingstraighthome,Idecidedtovisitmygrandpa,wholivedjustafewblocksaway.WhenIgotthere,Isawthefrontdoorwasslightlyopen.Ipusheditopenbutfoundnobody.Curiosityand2mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever3before.Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.Iwalked4,marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle.Suddenly,Iheardarustlingsoundfromanearbybush,followedbyasoftandfamiliarvoice.“Ididn’t5youtofindthisplace,mydear,”mygrandpasaid,emergingfrombehindthegreenleaveswithabroadsmile,holdingawateringcan.6bythebeautyofthegarden,Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview.Afterwhatfeltlikeforever,Iasked,“Grandpa,whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutthisplace?”Heshruggedandreplied,“Iwantedittobea7,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”Sincethatday,wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s8.Thatgarden,whichIdiscovered9,becameourplayground,ahavenofpeaceinthemidstofourbustlingcitylives.Lookingbacknow,IrealizethatthegreatestthingIfoundinthatgardenwasnotthebeautifulscenery,butthepreciousmemoriesand10Ibuiltwithmygrandpa.1．A．tiny B．secret C．romantic D．natural2．A．concern B．relaxation C．delight D．excitement3．A．appreciated B．doubted C．noticed D．recognized4．A．home B．back C．away D．further5．A．expect B．hope C．allow D．tell6．A．Disturbed B．Overwhelmed C．Angered D．Amused7．A．mystery B．gift C．challenge D．wonder8．A．garden B．company C．greeting D．memories9．A．asusual B．inparticular C．onpurpose D．bychance10．A．peace B．balance C．bond D．trust【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．D5．A6．B7．A8．B9．D10．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要写了一个普通夏日午后，主人公和祖父一起在花园里度过了很多美好的时光，这个花园成为了他们的乐园。回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和情感。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次发现爷爷的秘密花园时，那是一个普通的夏日午后。A.tiny微小的；B.secret秘密的；C.romantic浪漫的；D.natural自然的。根据后文“asIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen，leadingtoapathI'dnever3before.”可知，对于作者来说这是个以前没有发现的花园，所以应该是秘密花园。故选B。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我冒险走进去，发现后门大开着，通向一条我从未注意过的小路时，内心交织着好奇和关注。A.concern关心；关注；B.relaxation放松；C.delight高兴；D.excitement兴奋。根据前文Curiosity和下文“I’dnever3before”可知，作者以前没有来过，因此在推开这个门的时候，应该是好奇的和关注的。故选A。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.appreciated欣赏；感激；B.doubted怀疑；C.noticed注意到；D.recognized认出。根据后文“Thereitwas—abreathtakinggarden,filledwithflowersofallshapesandcolors,greenerystretchingoutasfarasmyeyescouldsee.(那是一个令人惊叹的花园，开满了各种形状和颜色的花，绿色植物一直延伸到我的眼睛所能看到的地方)”可知，作者在这之前从来没有注意到这个花园。故选C。4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我继续往前走，惊叹于这美丽的景象。A.home回家；B.back回来；后边；C.away离开；D.further更进一步。根据后文“marvelingatthebeautifulspectacle”可知作者应该是进一步走进花园，所以应该是walkedfurther。故选D。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“亲爱的，我没想到你会发现这个地方，”爷爷说着，拿着一个喷壶，笑容满面地从绿叶后面走了出来。A.expect认为；预料；B.hope希望；C.allow允许；D.tell告诉。根据下文““Iwantedittobea7,somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It’smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?””可知爷爷没有料到作者会发现这个地方。故选A。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被花园的美景迷住了，我只是站在那里欣赏风景。A.Disturbed打扰；B.Overwhelmed征服；C.Angered激怒；D.Amused消遣；娱乐。根据后文“Ijuststoodthere,takingintheview”可知作者突然发现这个园子很美，应是被美景所征服。故选B。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他耸了耸肩，回答说:“我希望它是一个谜，你可以自己发现一些东西。这样更特别，你不觉得吗?”A.mystery神秘；B.gift礼物；C.challenge挑战；D.wonder奇迹。根据后文“somethingyoucoulddiscoveronyourown.It'smorespecialthatway,don’tyouthink?”可知爷爷是想让作者自己去发现这个地方，所以是想让它成为一个谜。故选A。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我们总是会在花园里呆上几个小时，照顾花朵，分享故事，享受彼此的陪伴。A.garden花园；B.company陪伴；C.greeting问候；D.memories记忆。根据前文“wewouldspendhoursinthegarden,tendingtotheflowers,sharingstories,andenjoyingeachother’s.”可知作者和爷爷会在花园里呆上几个小时，照料花朵，分享故事，彼此陪伴。故选B。9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：那座花园是我偶然发现的，后来成了我们的游乐场，成了熙熙攘攘的都市生活中的一个宁静的避风港。A.asusual和平常一样；B.inparticular特别地；C.onpurpose故意地；D.bychance偶然地。根据前文“Curiosityand2mixedwithinmeasIventuredinsideandnoticedthebackdoorwideopen,leadingtoapathI’dnever3before.”可知作者偶然发现的这个园子。故选D。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到我在那个花园里发现的最伟大的东西不是美丽的风景，而是我与爷爷建立的珍贵回忆和纽带。A.peace平安；B.balance平衡；C.bond纽带；联系；D.trust信任。根据下文“Ibuiltwithmygrandpa”可知，回想起来，主人公意识到在花园里最重要的不是美丽的风景，而是与祖父建立的珍贵回忆和互信关系。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）A阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区校考期中）Shakespeare’sbirthplacewasthechildhoodhomeofWilliamShakespeare.Thehousehasbeenexactlyfurnished,andincludesbothoriginalandcopyitemssimilartothosewhichwouldhavebeenthereinthehouse11Shakespearewasachild.Beautifullypaintedclothshangonthewalls,andbrightlycoloredfabrics(织物)filltherooms.Atthebackofthehouseisabeautifulgarden12(contain)manytrees,herbsandflowers13(mention)inShakespeare’splays.【答案】11．when12．containing13．mentioned【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了威廉·莎士比亚童年的家的具体情况。11．考查时间状语从句。句意：这所房子里的家具都很整齐，包括原版和复制品，与莎士比亚小时候家里的家具相似。分析句子结构可知，本空引导时间状语从句，结合句意可知，本空填when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填when。12．考查非谓语动词。句意：房子后面是一个美丽的花园，里面有许多莎士比亚戏剧中提到的树木、草药和鲜花。分析句子结构可知，本句系动词为is，故本空用非谓语动词，且garden与动词contain“包含”为主动关系，故此处使用动词contain的现在分词containing，作定语，修饰名词garden。故填containing。13．考查非谓语动词。句意：房子后面是一个美丽的花园，里面有许多莎士比亚戏剧中提到的树木、草药和鲜花。分析句子结构可知，本句系动词为is，故本空用非谓语动词，且herbsandflowers与动词mention“提到”为被动关系，故此处使用过去分词mentioned，作定语，修饰herbsandflowers。故填mentioned。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.14weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceofdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,15thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also16(know)asaself-drivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisatechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,17(find)itswaywithouthumanintervention.【答案】14．How15．but16．known17．finds【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车技术的快速发展和功能的强大。14．考查主语从句。句意：我们多年前的想象已经跟不上它的发展步伐。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作主句的主语，从句中缺少方式状语，因此应用连接副词how作引导词，且空处位于句首，how的首字母需大写。故填How。15．考查连词。句意：在过去，无人驾驶汽车只是电影的一部分，但这些技术现在正在成功地成为现实。前面说明过去无人驾驶汽车仍属于电影中的场景，还不是现实，后面说明现在这些技术已成为现实，因此前后语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but。故填but。16．考查非谓语动词。句意：无人驾驶汽车，也被称为自动驾驶汽车，可以执行日常驾驶和停车相关的所有功能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作Anautonomouscar的非限制性后置定语，know和Anautonomouscar逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此应用know的过去分词形式。故填known。17．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一种可以感知环境的技术，一旦进入目的地，就可以在没有人为干预的情况下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空处和senses并列，作that引导的定语从句的谓语，时态为一般现在时，find也应用第三人称单数形式。故填finds。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。（2023上·北京·高三校考期中）Asweallknow,themostpopularmartialartstoday18(originate)inAsia.SomeChinesefightingstyleswereinventedover3,000yearsago.Manymartialartswereinvented19peopleneededtodefendthemselvesorprotectothers.Nowadays,peoplelearnmartialartsasaway20(keep)fitorasacompetitivesport,buttheyarestillveryusefulforself-defence.【答案】18．originated19．because20．tokeep【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了武术的分类、来源以及中国武术对世界的影响。18．考查时态。句意：众所周知，当今最流行的武术起源于亚洲。分析句子结构可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且主语themostpopularmartialarts与originate“起源于”为主动关系，故用过去式形式originated，作谓语。故填originated。19．考查原因状语从句。句意：许多武术的发明是因为人们需要自卫或保护他人。空后“peopleneededtodefendthemselvesorprotectothers(人们需要自卫或保护他人)”是空前“Manymartialartswereinvented(许多武术被发明)”的原因，故此处使用从属连词because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。20．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，人们学习武术是为了保持健康或作为一项竞技运动，但它们对自卫仍然非常有用。awaytodosth.意为“做某事的方法”，故keep“保持”用不定式形式tokeep，作way的定语。故填tokeep。第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023·北京海淀·三模）StudentsapplyingtocollegesthatusetheCommonApplicationshouldhandinanessayof650words.Thatincludestheessaytitle,notes,andanyothertextthatyouincludeintheessay.WhatCanYouAccomplishin650Words?Evenifyoutakeadvantageofthefulllengthavailabletoyou,keepinmindthat650wordsisnotalongessay.It’sroughlytheequivalentofatwo,double-spacedessay.Mostessaystendtobebetweenthreeandeightparagraphsdependingontheapplicant’swritingstyleandessaystrategy.Asyouplanyouressay,youdefinitelywanttokeepthelengthrequirementinmind.Manyapplicantsattempttodotoomuchwiththeiressaysandthenstruggletoeditthemdownto650words.Realizethepurposeofthepersonalstatementisnottotellyourlifestoryortogiveanexhaustiveoverviewofallofyouraccomplishments.Letyourlistofextracurricularactivities,academicrecord,lettersofrecommendation,andsupplementalessaysandmaterialsshowyourrangeofaccomplishments.Thepersonalstatementisnottheplaceforlonglistsorcatalogsofachievement.Towriteanengagingandeffective650wordorshorteressay,youneedtohaveasharpfocus.Narrateasingleevent,orilluminateasinglepassionortalent.Allowenoughspaceforself-reflectionsothatwhateveryourtopicisyouspendatleastsometimetalkingaboutitssignificancetoyou.Again,usetheessaytonarrateanengagingstory.Makesureithighlightssomethingyoucareaboutdeeply,andbesuretoprovideawindowintoyourinterestsorpersonalitythatisn’talreadyobviousfromtherestofyourapplication.AFinalWordAboutEssayLengthWiththeprimaryCommonApplicationessay,youwillneedtocomeinat650wordsorfewer.However,youwillfindthatmostsupplementalessaysontheCommonApplicationhavedifferentlengthguidelines,andcollegesthatdon’tusetheCommonApplicationwillhavedifferinglengthrequirements.Nomatterwhatthecircumstances,makesureyoufollowtheguidelines.Ifanessayshouldbe350words,don’twrite370.Finally,keepinmindthatwhatyousayandhowyousayitisfarmoreimportantthanwhetheryouhave550wordsor650words.Ifyou’vesaidallyouhavetosayin500words,don’ttrytopadyouressaytomakeitlonger.Regardlessoflength,thebestwritingwilltellacompellingstory,provideinsighttoyourcharacterandinterests,andarewrittenwithcrispandengagingprose.21．Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbearightthingtodowhilewritinganessay?A．Totellsomeinterestinglifestories.B．Tolistallthepossibleachievements.C．Toshowtherangeofaccomplishments.D．Tohighlightthefocusofonesingleevent.22．Asfortheessaylength,theapplicant________.A．shouldfollowtheguidelines.B．cansethisorherownlimitaccordinglyC．shouldmakesureitnolessthan650wordsD．canwritemorethan650wordswhennecessary23．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tostresstheimportanceofessaywriting.B．Tointroducemethodsofwritingagoodessay.C．Toadvertiseawritingcourseforcollegestudents.D．Toremindtheapplicantsofthelengthoftheiressay.【答案】21．C22．A23．D【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了申请大学的论文的650字应该写什么，以及文章的具体长度是什么。21．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Letyourlistofextracurricularactivities,academicrecord,lettersofrecommendation,andsupplementalessaysandmaterialsshowyourrangeofaccomplishments.Thepersonalstatementisnottheplaceforlonglistsorcatalogsofachievement.(让你的课外活动清单、学术记录、推荐信、补充文章和材料显示你的成就范围。)”可知，写论文时，你需要显示出你的成就范围，故选C。22．细节理解题。根据文章AFinalWordAboutEssayLength部分“Nomatterwhatthecircumstances,makesureyoufollowtheguidelines.Ifanessayshouldbe350words,don’twrite370.(不论在什么情况下，都要确保遵守准则。如果一篇文章应该是350字，就不要写370字。)”可知，关于论文的长度，申请者需要遵守准则，故选A。23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“StudentsapplyingtocollegesthatusetheCommonApplicationshouldhandinanessayof650words.(申请使用通用应用程序的大学生应该要提交一篇650字的论文。)”以及后文的两个小标题“WhatCanYouAccomplishin650Words?(在650字内，你应该写什么？)”“AFinalWordAboutEssayLength(论文长度的最终提示。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了论文的长度限制，故文章的目的在于提醒申请者所写论文的长度，故选D。B（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoftenshoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He’dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes.ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingtheincomeintowhathecallsa“loveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcare,hotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum(专辑),realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter’srent.SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有观念)oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersonsays.“Ididn’tknowthatwouldhappen.”24．HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?A．Annoyed. B．Amazed. C．Concerned. D．Confused.25．AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto______.A．payforhisrent B．recordanalbumC．gotoanartschool D．painthisportrait26．HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A．Hefoundedanon-profitorganization. B．Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.C．Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations. D．Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Prejudiceblocksdreams. B．Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.C．Sympathycanbreakstereotypes. D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】24．C25．D26．A27．C【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了艺术家BrianPeterson如何通过肖像画帮助无家可归的人并改变他们的生活的感人故事。24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.(一天，Peterson正在读《爱的力量》，这时他被一个流浪汉打扰了。受到书中富有同情心的信息的启发，Peterson做了一个意想不到的决定：他要出去介绍自己)”可知，Peterson之前一直对流浪汉的存在感到困扰，而读完这本书，他受到了书中同情心理念的影响，决定走出去向流浪汉介绍自己，并最终帮助了流浪汉。由此可知，当Peterson读完书后，他对流浪汉充满担忧。故选C。25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Itwasthestrangestthingtome,”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes(“这对我来说是最奇怪的事情，”Peterson回忆说。“我在一个大概一年都没刮胡子、没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美。但他的故事激励了我。”尽管毕业于艺术学院的Peterson已经有八年没有画过画了，但他还是问能不能画一下Faris的肖像。Faris答应了)”可知，Peterson和Faris交流之后，决定为他画一幅肖像画。故选D。26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.(这段经历促使Peterson成立了“FacesofSantaAna”，这是一个非营利组织，致力于帮助无家可归的人，并为他们画肖像)”可知，为了帮助无家可归的人，Peterson成立了一个非营利组织。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有观念)oroverlooked.(他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到相似之处，往往与他们原本可能刻板印象或忽视的人建立友谊)”以及全文内容可知，通过画肖像，Peterson帮助无家可归的人打破了人们的固有观念，让他们感到被尊重和欣赏。由此推知，这所有的一切都是源于Peterson最初对流浪汉的同情心。故选C。C（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefinesthecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables(clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology),andvirtualreality,they’refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,”saysOguzÖner,anacademicandmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyet,thiskindofindividualfeedback(反馈)aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusingafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity’slatestnoiseactionplan.Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubjectofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheart-ratevariabilitytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.Asdatacollectionaboutpeople’ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarnthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillance(监视)needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplacedbytrendycafes.“Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,”shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyingratherthanwelcoming.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”28．Theunderlinedphrase“blankstares”inParagraph1impliesthat______.A．MontrealislackinginvisualappealB．Montreal’snon-visualinformationisignoredC．thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanismD．therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend29．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.B．Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.C．Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.D．Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.30．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．People’sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.B．Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.C．Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.D．Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.【答案】28．B29．C30．A【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章通过介绍研究者们如何考虑城市中的感官体验来探讨城市规划中的一些新趋势和挑战。同时，文中也引用了多位专家的观点和案例来支持作者的立论。28．词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文“Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.(“他们只知道看的东西，不知道城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，”感官研究主任豪斯说。感官研究是一个不断发展的领域，通常被称为“感官城市主义”)”可知，很多人忽略了城市的其他感官景点，它的声音和气味，因此当我在蒙特利尔当地的旅游办公室停下来，询问他们会推荐游客去哪里闻、尝、听这座城市的声音时，我得到的只是茫然的目光。由此可知，划线词组blankstares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味着“蒙特利尔的非视觉信息被忽略了”。故选B项。29．推理判断题。根据第三段“HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.(多年来，他一直在伊斯坦布尔组织“声音漫步”活动，参与者蒙着眼睛描述他们在不同地点听到的声音。他的研究已经确定了可以建造波浪风琴的地点，以增强海浪的声音，他惊讶地发现，即使在海滨，人们也几乎听不到海浪的声音)”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人们也可能不会注意到声音的吸引力。故选C项。30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.(公平性和包容性的问题也在决定谁的感官体验被纳入规划时发挥了作用。“感官意识不是独立的，也不是简单的生物；我们是否觉得某件事令人愉快，是由文化和社会塑造的，”伦敦布鲁内尔大学(BrunelUniversityLondon)的城市文化社会学家莫妮卡·德根(MonicaDegen)说)”可推知，人们对感官环境的感知是主观的。故选A项。D（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）Wehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(AI)arerightlycausinganxiety.YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywhereintheuniverseiscreatedbytheevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationiscopiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.Theinformationiscalledthereplicator(复制者),andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)—andtheyareselfishtoo.AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicatortakeadvantageofthefirsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth’sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2millionyearsago,justonespecies—ourancestors—startedimitatingsounds,gesturesandwaysofprocessingfood.Theyhadletlooseasecondreplicatorandturnedusintomememachines.Followingthesameprinciple,couldathirdreplicatorappearifsomeobjectwemadestartedcopying,varyingandselectinganewkindofinformation?Itcould,andIbelieveithas.Ourdigitaltechnologycancopy,storeandspreadvastamountsofinformationwithnear-perfectaccuracy.Whilewehadmostlybeentheonesselectingwhattocopyandshare,thatischangingnow.Mindlessalgorithmschoosewhichadsweseeandwhichnewsstoriesthey“think”wewouldlike.Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours.Allisnotlost,though.Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.31．Asforpeople’sattitudetowardAI,theauthoris____________.A．disapproving B．unconcernedC．sympathetic D．tolerant32．Accordingtothepassage,RichardDawkinsmayagreethat____________.A．memesarecomposedofselfishgenes B．thespeedofevolutionisunderestimatedC．replicatorsvarywithhumaninterference D．memesandgenesshareacommonfeature33．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Technologiescanbedouble-edged.B．Collectiveeffortsmakeabetterworld.C．Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D．Pastexperienceisrelevanttofutureaction.34．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thepaceoftechnologicalprogressisunstoppable.B．Theinitiativeofalgorithmshouldbestrengthened.C．Thenewevolutioncanbringaboutnegativeeffects.D．Theartificialintelligencecansatisfyourrealdesires.【答案】31．A32．D33．D34．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中探讨了人工智能的最新发展所带来的焦虑和人类的应对办法。31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.(然而，人们的反应似乎是，人工智能只不过是又一项可怕的新技术，就像曾经的电力或汽车一样。这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”可知，人们认为人工智能与曾经的电力或汽车一样，不会给人类带来威胁，但作者并不赞成这一观点。故选A项。32．推理判断题。根据第三段“Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)—andtheyareselfishtoo.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中强调的那样，基因并不是唯一的复制因子。人们复制习惯、故事、文字、技术和歌曲；我们改变、重组并以更大的变化将它们传递下去。第二种复制因子，进化得比基因快得多，道金斯称之为模因——它们也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯认为基因和模因都很很自私。所以他会赞同“基因和模因有一个共同的特征”这一说法。故选D项。33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontroll