2023-2024学年河南省部分市高三下学期第二次质量预测英语试题(解析版)

高中名校英语试卷PAGEPAGE2河南省部分市2023-2024学年高三下学期第二次质量预测英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesMikeplantodotonight?A.Watchamovie.B.Attendameeting.C.Workonhispresentation.〖答案〗C〖解析〗W:Mike,wouldyoulovetogooutforamoviewithustonight?M:I’dloveto,butIhaveanimportantmeetingtomorrow,soIhavetopreparemypresentationalldaytoday.2.HowwillthewomancontactJohn?A.Byphone. B.Byemail. C.Inperson.〖答案〗B〖解析〗W:Hello,thisisMargaretShawspeaking.CanyouputmethroughtoJohnplease?M:I’msorrybuthehasjustlefttheoffice.Heshouldbeintomorrowifyouwanttocallback.Wouldyouliketoleaveamessageforhim?W:No,that’sokay.Iwillemailhiminstead.3.WhenwillthespeakersmeetonThursday?A.At3:30p.m. B.At4:00p.m. C.At4:10p.m.〖答案〗C〖解析〗W:ProfessorReed,Ihavesomequestionsaboutthefinalexam.AreyouavailableatthreethirtyonThursdayafternoon?M:Iwillbeatameetingthenanditwon’tfinishuntilfouro’clock.TheearliesttimeIcanmeetyouisfourten.Wouldthatworkforyou?W:Yes.Iwillseeyouthen.4.WhywillKathycallAnne?A.Toexpressthanks. B.Tolookforahelper. C.Togivesomeinformation.〖答案〗B〖解析〗M:Kathy,wehavethreelargegroupscominginfordinneratseveno'clockandMeganisinhospital.Doyouknowifanyisavailabletonighttocomeinandwaittables?W:I'mnotsure,butIcancallherandfindout.5.Wherewilltheconferenceprobablybeheld?A.InPittsburgh. B.InAtlanta. C.InKansasCity.〖答案〗A〖解析〗M:Haveyoudecidedwheretoholdtheconference?W:Notyet,butwehaveonlythreechoices.Pittsburghisthecheapest.KansasCityismorecentral.AndAtlantahasbetterweatheratthattimeofyear.M:Thatistrue.Butatthemomentweshouldfocusonkeepingcostsdown.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whataretheyprobablydoing?A.Takingadrivingtest.B.Doingsomeshopping.C.Playingacomputergame.7.Whatdidthewomanthinkofwhatthemandid?A.Itwasuseless. B.Itwasnotcorrect. C.Itwasunimportant.〖答案〗6.C7.B〖解析〗M:Whereareyou?W:Ihavejustcrossedthebridge.M:Ah.I’mfarahead.W:Butyouarenotcollectingthecoinsasyougoalong,soscoreisgoingtobemuchlowerthantheotherteams.Wearestillnotgoingtomakeittothenextlevel.M:Whocares?Ijustwantustowintherace.Ohno,Ihaverunoutofpetrol.W:Youdidn’tstoptofillthetank.Youdidthisallwrong.YouareluckyweareonthesameteamsoIcangiveyouabitofmine.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whathasthewomandecidedtodo?A.Tryfilmmaking. B.Learnalanguage. C.Studyphotography.9.Whydoesthewomanwanttodevelopanewskill?A.Totravel. B.Tofindajob. C.Togetpromoted.10.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodofirst?A.Buysomecoffee. B.Eatdinner. C.Watchaperformance.〖答案〗8.B9.A10.B〖解析〗W:Ihavedecidedtogotonightschooltolearnanewskill.IhavebeendoingthesamejobforyearsandIneedanewchallenge.M:Youtookphotographyupforawhilebutsoonlostinterest.Areyougoingtotryfilmmakingthistime?W:No.WhatIwasthinkingwastolearnanotherlanguage.MaybeSpanishorFrench.ThenIcanusemynewlanguageskillstodosometravellingwhenIgoonholiday.Ineedtoseemoreoftheworld.M:Enoughdreamingofholidays.Weneedtogetgoingorwewillbelatefortheperformance.Butfirst,let’sgetsomethingtoeat.Bytheway,Ihavebookedatableattherestaurant.W:OK,Iwilljustfinishmycoffee.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Ahost. B.Ateacher. C.Awriter.12.WhatdoesBobsayaboutlifeadministration?A.Itispleasing. B.Itistiring. C.Itisboring.13.WhatdidElizabethadvisethe“administrationavoiders”todo?A.Makeato-dolist.B.Donecessarytasksfirst.C.Avoidmeaninglesstasks.〖答案〗11.A12.C13.A〖解析〗W:Bob,intoday’sprogram,wewilltalkaboutlifeadministration.Lifeadministrationiswhatyouhavetodotomakeyourliferunsmoothly,likedoinghouseworkandpayingabill.M:Well,astudyshowspeoplespendaquarteroftheirdayscarryingoutnecessarytasks,likewaitingforpackagestobedeliveredanddoinghousework.Butinmyopinion,itisnotinterestingatallandcanmakepeoplefeelimpatient.W:Nowexpertshavestudiedhowwecanmakeitlessboring.OneofthemisElizabethEmens,theauthorofTheArtofLifeAdministration:HowtoDoLess,DoItBetter,andLiveMore.M:MyproblemisthatIalwaysputoffdoingthings,probablybecauseIdonotwanttodothem.W:YouarewhatElizabethcallsanadministrationavoider.Shesuggestedhavingawrittenrecordoftasksthatcanbesatisfyingtocrossoffasyoudothem.Shealsomentionedthatweneedtofindthemeaningofdoingthemsowecanseethebenefitofcompletingourtodolist.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatkeepsthegroupgoing?A.Theloveforcreatingartworks.B.Thepleasureofhelpingothers.C.Thewishtoimprovethecommunity.15.Howhasthelocalgovernmenthelpedthegroup?A.Byrentingaroom. B.Byprovidingmoney. C.Bybuildingawebsite.16.Wherecanpeoplebuythebottlesnow?A.Fromthetownhall. B.Intheshops. C.OntheInternet.17.Howmanymembersdoesthegrouphaveatpresent?A.Three. B.Five. C.Eight.〖答案〗14.B15.B16.A17.C〖解析〗M:Rosa,whatdoesyourgroupdo?W:Weworkonoldbottlesandmakeeachbottleintoanindividualworkofartsotheycanbesold.Allthemoneywemakegoestocharity.Itisthejoyofhelpingpeoplethatkeepsusgoing.M:That’ssuchacreativewayofgivingbacktothecommunity.W:Youareright.Weareprovidedmoneybythelocalgovernmentaspartoftheirrecyclingproject.TheyhavejusttoldusthatwewillbegivenanextraroomtoworkinfromSeptember.M:Youhavejusthadyourownwebsitemade.Canpeoplebuybottlesonline?W:I’mafraidnot.Youcanjustseepicturesthere.Thetownhallhasanexhibitionofourstuffwhichisonsalethere.Wehopetosellinsomeshops,butthathasnothappenedyet.M:Howmanypeopleareinvolvedinyourgroup?W:Well,therewerefiveofusatthestart.Asithasbeensuchasuccess,threemorepeoplejoinedlatertoorganizeeverything.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whywilltheshoppingmallmakeachangetothecafe?A.Tooffermoredishes.B.Tomakeitmorecomfortable.C.Toprovideroomformorecustomers.19.Howshouldshoppersbookthe"personalshopper"service?A.Byfillinginaformonline.B.Bygoingandvisitingthestore.C.Bycallingtheinformationdesk.20.Whatisthesecondcookingclassabout?A.Keepingfoodfresh.B.Makinginstantmeals.C.Learningaboutsafetyrules.〖答案〗18.C19.A20.B〖解析〗Thanksforstayingbehindafterwork.Iwilltellyouaboutsomechangestotheservicesourshoppingmallprovidestocustomers.Onemajorchangewillbetoourcafe.We’regoingtomakeitlargersothatmoreshopperscansitdownandhaveacupofcoffeewhenthey’retired.We’realsointroducingapersonalshopperserviceforladiesonly.Wehavealreadyhadquiteafewphonecallsaboutthisservice,soIthinkitwillbeabighit.Customerswillbeabletobooktimewithapersonalshopperbycompletinganonlineform.Theywillhavetogivesomebasicinformationabouttheirsizes,shapesandpreferredstylesandselectapaymentoption.Andstartingnextmonth,wearegoingtorunaseriesofcookingclasses.Wewillstartoffbycoveringthebasicssothefirstclassisonkeepingfoodsafe.Thefollowingclassonquickdinnersshouldbepopularforthosewhoworklonghours.Soarethereanyquestions?第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A※BrownGirlDreamingByJacquelineWoodsonAsawinneroftheNationalBookAward,theCorettaScottKingAward,andaNewberryHonorBook,inherbook,BrownGirlDreaming,theauthorusespoetrytotellhertruestoryofgrowingupasablackwomaninthe1960sand1970s.Woodson’sbeautifullanguageexploresbigideaswhiledescribingherfamily,hergrowingawarenessofraceandthecivilrightsmovement,andherlifeinSouthCarolinaandNewYorkCity.※WhenYouWereEverythingByAshleyWoodfolkCleoandLaylahavebeenbestfriendsforyears.Butintheirsecondyearofmiddleschool,everythingchanges.Laylastartshangingoutwithhernewfriends,andthetwogirls’friendshipslowlyends.Cleoisstilltryingtomakesenseofwhathappenedasshetriestomakenewfriends.Toldacrosstwotimelines,Cleo’sstoryofsadnesssurroundingalostfriendshipwillberelevantformany8thgraderstryingtodealwithpastmiddleschoolfrienddramaandlookingforwardtohighschool.※TheHoundoftheBaskervillesByArthurConanDoyleThefamousdetectiveSherlockHolmesandhisfriendWatsonsetouttolookintoanewcaseinDartmoor,England.Amanisdead,withmanydogpawprintsleadingtohisbody.HolmesandWatsonarriveinDartmoortofindseveralunexplainableeventsandclues.Together,theystarttofigureoutapuzzlethathasdefinedmysteryanddetectivefictioneversince.※TheHobbitByJ.R.R.TolkienThisstoryisanopenertothelongerandmorechallengingTheLordoftheRingstrilogy.It’sanadventurestorysetinafantasyworld.Withdwarves(小矮人),hobbits,swordfights,wizardsanddragons,thebook’splotandhumorhavestoodthetestoftime.21.HowisBrownGirlDreamingdifferentfromtheotherbooks?A.Itfocusesoncitylife. B.Itusesclearlanguage.C.Ithaswonmanyawards. D.Ittellshumorousstories.22.WhatisWhenYouWereEverythingmainlyabout?A.Friendshipandgrowth. B.Lostloveandgainedhope.C.Learningtobemoreindependent. D.Dealingwithpressurefromschoolwork.23.Whichbooksuitswhoeverwantstoreadaboutadventures?A.TheHobbit B.BrownGirlDreamingC.WhenYouWereEverything D.TheHoundoftheBaskervilles【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍4本书。〖答案〗21.C22.A23.A【21题详析】细节理解题。根据BrownGirlDreaming部分“AsawinneroftheNationalBookAward,theCorettaScottKingAward,andaNewberryHonorBook(作为国家图书奖、科瑞塔·斯科特·金奖和纽伯里荣誉书的得主)”可知，BrownGirlDreaming赢了很多的奖项。故选C。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据WhenYouWereEverything部分“CleoandLaylahavebeenbestfriendsforyears.Butintheirsecondyearofmiddleschool,everythingchanges.Laylastartshangingoutwithhernewfriends,andthetwogirls’friendshipslowlyends.Cleoisstilltryingtomakesenseofwhathappenedasshetriestomakenewfriends.Toldacrosstwotimelines,Cleo’sstoryofsadnesssurroundingalostfriendshipwillberelevantformany8thgraderstryingtodealwithpastmiddleschoolfrienddramaandlookingforwardtohighschool.(克莱奥和蕾拉是多年来最好的朋友。但到了中学二年级，一切都变了。蕾拉开始和她的新朋友们一起玩，两个女孩的友谊慢慢结束了。克莱奥在努力结交新朋友的同时，仍在努力理解所发生的事情。跨越两个时间线讲述，克莱奥关于失去友谊的悲伤故事将与许多试图处理过去的中学朋友戏剧并期待高中的八年级学生有关。)”可知，这本书讲述的是关于友谊和成长的故事。故选A。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据TheHobbit部分“ThisstoryisanopenertothelongerandmorechallengingTheLordoftheRingstrilogy.It’sanadventurestorysetinafantasyworld.(这个故事开启了更长、更具挑战性的《指环王》三部曲。这是一个以幻想世界为背景的冒险故事。)”可知，TheHobbit是一个以幻想世界为背景的冒险故事，适合想要阅读冒险故事的人。故选A。BItwasacoldMaymorningwhenIreceivedanemailfromanoldfriendinvitingmetojoina10-dayall-girlssurftrip.IknewIhadtosayyes.Thetripseemedsimpleenough.10womenaged30to45,allcompletestrangers,weretomeetonthecoastofPortugaltotrysomethingnew:surfingintheAtlanticOcean.Ihavealwayslovedtraveling,soIeagerlysentanemailtomybossaskingfortimeofftomakethetrip.Ifthere’sonethingI’velearnedovermypast33years,it’sthatadultstypicallyspendtheirdaysmasteringthethingsthey’vedonebefore.Itseemslikeweprideourselvesonbecomingexpertsinwhateverfieldwe’vefalleninto,knowingmoreaboutless.Now,intheory,thisisagreatstrategy,asitallowsyoutobecomereallygoodatoneparticularthing,butitalsokindofendsupleavingsomeskillslacking.ImetmynewsurfingcompanionsonthegrassofthehotellawninasmallsurftowncalledEriceira.Despiteourdifferentpersonalitiesandbackgrounds,wewereallunitedinastrongdesiretochallengeourselves,learn,tackleandgrow.TheshoresatEriceira,wherethebeginnerslearntosurf,areshallowandcoveredwithslipperyrocks.Theymakeforsofterwavesbutaredifficulttoride.Guidedbyouramazingcoaches,together,wefacedthewaves.Sometimes,itpouredwithrain,andthewavescrashedaroundus,butwewerestilloutthere.Andwitheveryslipandfall,wordsofencouragementfilledtheair.Honestly,Iprobablyspentmostofmydaysfrozentothebone,butthatdidn’tmatterbecauseanewlevelofgenuinejoyandpersonalachievementhadbeenunlocked.Learninganewskilltaughtmethehumility(谦虚)thatcancomefromdoingbadlyatsomethingnew,andthepridethatdevelopswhenyoufinallymanagetograspsomethingyou’vebeenworkingon.Whilesurfingmightnotbemylifelongpassion,tryingitoutinspiredmetotakemorerisksinlife.Youneverknowwhatyou’recapableofifyoudon’tgooutthereandtry.24.Whatinspiredtheauthortojointhesurftrip?A.Herloveforseashoresurfing. B.Herdesiretomakenewfriends.C.Herneedtotakeabreakfromwork. D.Herpassionforexploringsomethingnew.25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofadults’focusingonmasteringonefield?A.Ithurtsone’spride. B.Itnarrowsone’spotential.C.Itpromotesone’scareersuccess. D.Itbroadensone’sviewoftheworld.26.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor’ssurfingexperience?A.Relaxingbutdangerous. B.Toughanduninteresting.C.Challengingbutrewarding. D.Surprisingandunforgettable.27.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor?A.Sheusedtolackconfidenceinherself.B.Shedeterminedtobecomeanexpertsurfer.C.Shediscoveredherlifelongpassionafterthetrip.D.Shewasmorewillingtotrynewexperiencesinlife.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过葡萄牙的冲浪之旅，感悟到了突破极限和尝试新事物的价值。〖答案〗24.D25.B26.C27.D【24题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“10womenaged30to45,allcompletestrangers,weretomeetonthecoastofPortugaltotrysomethingnew:surfingintheAtlanticOcean.(10名年龄在30到45岁之间、素不相识的女性将在葡萄牙海岸见面，尝试一项新事物：在大西洋冲浪。)”和文章最后一段“Learninganewskilltaughtmethehumility(谦虚)thatcancomefromdoingbadlyatsomethingnew(学习一项新技能教会了我在新事物上做得不好时的谦卑)”可知，对探索新事物的热情激发了作者加入冲浪之旅。故选D。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Now,intheory,thisisagreatstrategy,asitallowsyoutobecomereallygoodatoneparticularthing,butitalsokindofendsupleavingsomeskillslacking.(现在，从理论上讲，这是一个很好的策略，因为它可以让你变得非常擅长某一件事，但最终也会让你缺乏一些技能。)”可推知，作者认为，成年人专注于掌握一个领域会限制自己的潜力。故选B。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Guidedbyouramazingcoaches,together,wefacedthewaves.Sometimes,itpouredwithrain,andthewavescrashedaroundus,butwewerestilloutthere.Andwitheveryslipandfall,wordsofencouragementfilledtheair.Honestly,Iprobablyspentmostofmydaysfrozentothebone,butthatdidn’tmatterbecauseanewlevelofgenuinejoyandpersonalachievementhadbeenunlocked.(在我们出色的教练的带领下，我们一起面对海浪。有时，下着大雨，海浪在我们周围拍打，但我们仍然在那里。每一次滑倒，空气中都充满了鼓励的话语。老实说，我可能大部分时间都僵在骨头上，但这并不重要，因为真正的快乐和个人成就的新水平已经被解锁了。)”和文章最后一段“Learninganewskilltaughtmethehumility(谦虚)thatcancomefromdoingbadlyatsomethingnew,andthepridethatdevelopswhenyoufinallymanagetograspsomethingyou’vebeenworkingon.(学习一项新技能教会了我在新事物上做得不好时的谦卑，以及当你最终掌握了你一直在做的事情时产生的自豪感。)”可知，作者的冲浪之旅是充满挑战的，但却是值得的。故选C。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whilesurfingmightnotbemylifelongpassion,tryingitoutinspiredmetotakemorerisksinlife.Youneverknowwhatyou’recapableofifyoudon’tgooutthereandtry.(虽然冲浪可能不是我一生的爱好，但尝试它激励我在生活中承担更多的风险。如果你不去尝试，你永远不知道你能做什么。)”可推知，作者变得更愿意尝试新事物了。故选D。CYouhateme.Youdon’tevenknowmeandyouhateme.Beforewe’veevenspoken,youhateme.Atleastthat’showitfeelsonmyendofthecallasafemalecollectionsofficeratacallcenter.IdreadthemomentwhenIhavetologontoourphonesystemfirstthinginthemorningbecauseIneverknowwhoisgoingtobeontheotherendofthatcall.Sometimesit’saneasytask.Thecallerispleasantandhasacceptedpersonalresponsibilityfortheirdebts,andwegetthroughthephonecallwithease.Thentherearetheoneswhocallinlookingforafight,orlookingforsomeonetoblame.Throughtheluckofthephonesystem,thatpersonisme.I’vehadpeoplewhoshoutatme,callmehorriblenames,accusemepersonallyoftakingtheirmoneyandthreatenme.Why?Ithinkit’sbecauseIaminvisible.IthinkIwouldbetreatedwiththesamelevelofdisrespectifwewerefacetoface.Fortunatelyforme,Ihavehadyearsofexperienceincustomerservice,soI’mfairlyrichinnotlettingthenegativeencountersbotherme.Thebiggestandmosteffectiveskillwhenitcomestothejobisempathy(同理心).IcanappreciatethesituationwhichthecallerisinbecauseI’vebeenthere.That’swhyI’mgoodatmyjob—Iunderstandwhatyou’regoingthrough,andI’mheretohelp.Somedaysthough,nomatterhowmuchItrytoleavethestressbehindwhenIhangupthephone,itstayswithme.Imaydosomedeepbreathing,goforaquickwalkorsimplystickmyheadoutsideforaburstoffreshair.IdothissoIdon’tcarrythatnegativityontomynextcall.Thatnextcallmaybeapersonhavingtheworstdayoftheirlife,butIdon’twanttoeverbetheonewhomakesitworse.Weareallhumansjusttryingtogetbyinlife,whichmakesyouandmeequal.Soplease,thenexttimewetalk,rememberthat.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dread”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Enjoy. B.Fear. C.Expect. D.Avoid.29.Whydoestheauthorthinksomecallerstreatherbadly?A.Theygetangrytooeasily. B.Theyblameherfortheirdebts.C.Theydonotseeherasarealperson. D.Theyaccuseheroftakingtheirmoney.30.Whydoestheauthorthinksheisgoodatherjob?A.Shecanoffercallersbestadvice. B.Sheisalwaysrespectedbycallers.C.Shecanputherselfinothers’shoes. D.Sheisn’teasilyinfluencedbynegativity.31.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthistext?A.Tocallforunderstandingofherjob. B.Toexplainwhysheisgoodatherjob.C.Tointroducewhatsheisresponsiblefor. D.Tocomplainaboutherbeingtreatedbadly.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名客服的感悟，并呼吁人们理解她的工作。〖答案〗28.B29.C30.C31.A【28题详析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Youhateme.Youdon’tevenknowmeandyouhateme.Beforewe’veevenspoken,youhateme.Atleastthat’showitfeelsonmyendofthecallasafemalecollectionsofficeratacallcenter.(你恨我。你根本不了解我，还恨我。我们还没说话，你就烦我了。至少这是我作为一个呼叫中心的女催收员在电话里的感觉。)”和下文“...becauseIneverknowwhoisgoingtobeontheotherendofthatcall.(因为我永远不知道电话的另一端是谁。)”可知，作者对于电话另一端的未知感到恐惧，划线词所在的句子意思是：我害怕早上第一件事就是登录我们的电话系统。由此可知，dread意为“害怕”。故选B。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I’vehadpeoplewhoshoutatme,callmehorriblenames,accusemepersonallyoftakingtheirmoneyandthreatenme.Why?Ithinkit’sbecauseIaminvisible.(有人冲我大喊大叫，用难听的名字骂我，指责我拿了他们的钱，还威胁我。为什么？我想那是因为我是看不见的人。)”可推知，作者认为一些打电话的人对她不友好，因为他们没有把她当作一个真实的人。故选C。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Thebiggestandmosteffectiveskillwhenitcomestothejobisempathy(同理心).IcanappreciatethesituationwhichthecallerisinbecauseI’vebeenthere.That’swhyI’mgoodatmyjob—Iunderstandwhatyou’regoingthrough,andI’mheretohelp.(在工作中，最重要也是最有效的技能就是同理心。我能理解打电话的人的处境，因为我也经历过。这就是我擅长这份工作的原因——我理解你的感受，我是来帮你的。)”可推知，作者认为她很擅长自己的工作，是因为她能设身处地地为别人着想。故选C。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Weareallhumansjusttryingtogetbyinlife,whichmakesyouandmeequal.Soplease,thenexttimewetalk,rememberthat.(我们都是人类，只是想努力生活，这让你我平等。所以，下次我们谈话的时候，请记住这一点。)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了呼吁人们理解她的工作。故选A。DWaterwaysareimportantforeverycountryaroundtheworld.Theyprovidenotonlywaterforeverydayusebutalsoroutesfortransport.However,duetoindustrialactivity,manyofthemarenowpolluted.DakotaPerryfromtheUShasexperiencedwaterpollutionfirst-hand.The15-year-oldhighschoolgirltoldAlabamaLocalNewsthatshespendsalotoftimegoingonboatrideswithherdadontheriverbehindtheirhouse.However,theriverhasbecomelitteredwithplasticbags,bottlesandcups.Perrywantedtocleanupthewatersoshecouldcontinuetoenjoytheriver.So,withthehelpofherfather,shedesignedasystemtocollectandremoverubbishinwaterways.InMay,PerryputforwardhersolutionattheRegeneronInternationalScienceandEngineeringFairheldinGeorgia,US,andreceivedaJudge’sAwardfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationforherproject.AccordingtotheScienceNewsforStudentswebsite,hersystemwasinspiredbytheDutchGreatBubble(气泡)BarrierinAmsterdam,whichcreatesaflowofbubblesthattrapwasteanddirectsittoacatchmentsystem.ButPerrytriedtochallengeherselfandmakehersystemmoreenvironment-friendly.Sheplannedtocreateacurtainofbubblesthatstretchedtheriverdiagonally(对角地).Thecurtainwouldstopthefloatingrubbishandthenpushittowardtheshore.Oncethere,aconveyorrunbyasolar-poweredbatterywouldcarrythewastetoadustbin.Inherbackyardpool,Perryusedanaircompressor(压缩机)tosendairthroughapipefullofholestocreateastreamofbubbles.Sheexperimentedwithdifferentamountsofpressuretomakesuretherewouldbeenoughbubblestoformafullcurtain.“Forthebubblesystemtoactuallyworkandcollectrubbish,”sheexplainedtoScienceNewsforStudents,“Ihavetoknowhowmuchpressuretheaircompressorissupposedtopushout.”Aftershetestedhersystemforcollectingrubbish,Perryfoundthatitworkedbetterthanexpected.Next,sheplanstoworkouthowtousethepoweroftherivertoruntheaircompressor.32.WhatmotivatedPerrytodesignarubbish-collectingsystem?A.Herfather’sencouragement.B.Herdesiretoprotectanearbyriver.C.Avisittoascienceandengineeringfair.D.AninventionofaDutchhighschoolstudent.33.Whatcanweknowabouttherubbish-collectingsystem?A.ItwasdesignedbyPerryalone.B.Itmakespowertoruntheaircompressor.C.Itcollectssolarenergytoremoverubbish.D.Itcreatesabubblecurtaintoblockrubbish.34.Whatisthe5thparagraphmainlyabout?A.Advantagesofthesystem. B.Thewayoftestingthesystem.C.Theimprovementonthesystem. D.Challengesinthedesignprocess.35.WhatkindofpersonisPerry?A.Efficientandambitious. B.Helpfulandhardworking.C.Responsibleandcreative. D.Professionalandadventurous.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自美国的达科塔·佩里设计垃圾收集系统来清理河流里的垃圾，文章介绍了系统的工作方式以及是如何接受测试的。〖答案〗32.B33.D34.B35.C【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Perrywantedtocleanupthewatersoshecouldcontinuetoenjoytheriver.So,withthehelpofherfather,shedesignedasystemtocollectandremovetrashinwaterways.(佩里想把河水清理干净，这样她就可以继续享受这条河了。因此，在她父亲的帮助下，她设计了一个收集和清除水道垃圾的系统)”可知，保护附近河流的愿望促使佩里设计了一个垃圾收集系统。故选B。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“AccordingtotheScienceNewsforStudentswebsite,hersystemwasinspiredbytheDutchGreatBubbleBarrierinAmsterdam,whichcreatesaflowofbubblesthattrapwasteanddirectsittoacatchmentsystem.(据“学生科学新闻”网站报道，她的系统受到阿姆斯特丹荷兰大气泡屏障的启发，该屏障产生气泡流，将废物捕获并引导到集水系统)”可知，垃圾收集系统产生一个气泡幕来阻挡垃圾。故选D。【34题详析】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Inherbackyardpool,Perryusedanaircompressor(压缩机)tosendairthroughapipefullofholestocreateastreamofbubbles.Sheexperimentedwithdifferentamountsofpressuretomakesuretherewouldbeenoughbubblestoformafullcurtain.“Forthebubblesystemtoactuallyworkandcollectrubbish,”sheexplainedtoScienceNewsforStudents,“Ihavetoknowhowmuchpressuretheaircompressorissupposedtopushout.”(在她家后院的游泳池里，佩里用一台空气压缩机将空气通过一根满是孔的管道输送出去，形成一股气泡流。她试验了不同的压力，以确保有足够的气泡形成一个完整的帘子。“为了让气泡系统真正工作并收集垃圾，”她向学生科学新闻解释说，“我必须知道空气压缩机应该推出多大的压力。”)”可知，倒数第二段的主要内容是佩里测试她的系统的方式。故选B。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Perrywantedtocleanupthewatersoshecouldcontinuetoenjoytheriver.So,withthehelpofherfather,shedesignedasystemtocollectandremovetrashinwaterways.(佩里想把河水清理干净，这样她就可以继续享受这条河了。因此，在她父亲的帮助下，她设计了一个收集和清除水道垃圾的系统)”以及第四段“AccordingtotheScienceNewsforStudentswebsite,hersystemwasinspiredbytheDutchGreatBubbleBarrierinAmsterdam,whichcreatesaflowofbubblesthattrapwasteanddirectsittoacatchmentsystem.ButPerrytriedtochallengeherselfandmakehersystemmoreenvironment-friendly.(据“学生科学新闻”网站报道，她的系统受到阿姆斯特丹荷兰大气泡屏障的启发，该屏障产生气泡流，将废物捕获并引导到集水系统。但佩里试图挑战自己，让她的系统更环保)”可推知，佩里有责任心，有创造力。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Weallwanttoknowwhathappinessmeansandtrytofindwaystohelpmakeourlifebetter.Happiness—youknowitwhenyouseeit,butit’shardtodefine.Youmightcallitasenseofwell-being,optimismormeaningfulnessinlife,althoughthosecouldalsobetreatedseparately.____36____weknowthatwewantit,andthatisjustsomehowgood.Wealsoknowthatwedon’talwayshavecontroloverourhappiness.Researchsuggeststhatgeneticsmayplayabigroleinourlevelofhappiness,sosomeofusmaystartoutatadisadvantage.Ontopofthat,environmentalfactorscanbringdownmoodanddryupourthirstforliving.____37____.Manystudieshavefoundaconnectionbetweenpsychologicalandphysicalwell-being.A2022reviewofmorethan200studiesfoundaconnectionbetweenpositivepsychologicalfeatures,suchashappiness,optimismandlifesatisfaction,andaloweredriskofheartdisease.____38____.Ifyouhaveagoodsenseofwell-being,it’seasiertomaintaingoodhabits:exercising,eatingabalanceddietandgettingenoughsleep.____39____,andtheydonotprovidehardevidenceofcauseandeffect.Butsomeresearchersbelievethatpositivementalstatesdohaveadirecteffectonthebody,perhapsbyreducingdamagingphysicalprocesses.Forinstance,theyfoundthatoptimismisassociatedwithlowerlevelsofinflammation(炎症).Ifwhatyoumeanbyhappinessisspecifically“enjoymentoflife”,there’snewerevidencetosupportthat,too.AstudyintheCanadianMedicalAssociationJournalfoundthatpeopleaged60andoverwhosaidtheyenjoyedlifelessweremorelikelytodevelopdisabilityoveran8-yearperiod.____40____.Thisstudydoesnotprovethatphysicalproblemsarecausedbylessenjoymentoflife,butsuggestsarelationship.A.Butwhateverhappinessreallyis.B.Itmighttakemoreworkifyourmoodislow.C.Fornowthesestudiescanonlyshowassociations.D.Thatreferstotheperson,andthesituationheorsheisin.E.Beingabletotravelaround