2024届湖南省娄底市高三下学期高考一模英语试题（解析版）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2024届湖南省娄底市高三下学期高考一模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解GettingAroundWashington,DCbyPublicTransportationWashington,DC,isnotaneasycitytodrivein.Ifyou’dratheravoidtheheadacheofdriving,considertakingadvantageofthecity’spublictransportationsystemduringyourvisit.PublictransportationWhenWashingtonianssay“Metro”or“Metrorail”,theymeanthesubway.ThebussystemiscalledMetrobus,andisusuallysimplyreferredtoasthebus.Sixraillines(Red,Yellow,Blue,Silver,Green,andOrange)andanextensivebussystem(morethan15,000stopson400routes)connectDCtoMarylandandVirginia.Railstationentrancesaremarkedwithtowerstoppedwiththeletter“M”.Stripes(线条)ofcolorindicate,thelinestravelingdownbelow.Each,train,displaysthenameofitsfarthestdestination.OperatinghoursMetroOperatingHoursDAYTIMEMonday-Thursday5am-12amFriday5am-1amSaturday7am-1amSunday7am-12amMetrobusschedulesvarybyroute.Freetransfers(转乘)tousewithintwohoursareavailable,andtheyareacceptedonmostlocalbusesinadditiontoMetrobuses.FaresMetrorailfaresrun$1.35to$3.90basedondistancetraveled.A$6.50OneDayPassisvalid(有效的)forunlimitedMetrorailtravelonweekdaysafter9:30amoralldaySaturdaysorSundays.Busfaresare$1.25,and60centsforseniorsandpeoplewithdisabilities,and$3forexpressbuses.TheDCCirculatorprimarilyservesvisitors.Thisbusserviceconnectsmajortouristattractionsandpartsoftown.Eachrideis$1.1．WhatdoesacolorrepresentintheDCMetro?A．Arailline. B．Thesubway. C．Arailstation. D．Adayoftheweek.2．WhataretheMetroschedulessetbasedon?A．Weekdaysandweekends. B．Distancesanddeparturetimes.C．Startingpointsanddestinations. D．Faresandthenumberofpassengers.3．WhencanOneDayPassbeusedonMetroraillinesonSundays?A．From5amto12am. B．From7amto12am.C．From9:30amto1am. D．From5amto1am.【答案】1．A2．A3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿特区地铁的运营时间、票价信息，以及如何购买和使用车票，包括日票和转乘。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sixraillines(Red,Yellow,Blue,Silver,Green,andOrange)andanextensivebussystem(morethan15,000stopson400routes)connectDCtoMarylandandVirginia.(六条地铁线（红、黄、蓝、银、绿和桔黄色）和一个庞大的公共汽车系统（400条线路，15,000多个车站）把华盛顿特区与马里兰和弗吉尼亚连接起来。)”可知在华盛顿特区，颜色代表的是一条地铁线路，故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据“Operatinghours(运营时间)”部分的“Monday-Thursday(周一到周四),5am-12am(上午5点到12点)”、“Friday（周五）5am-1am（上午五点到凌晨一点）”、“Saturday7am-1am(周六，上午七点到凌晨一点)”以及“Sunday7am-12am(周日，上午7点到12点)”可知，地铁时刻表的制定依据是工作日和周末，故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据“Operatinghours(运营时间)”部分的“Sunday7am-12am(周日，上午7点到12点)”以及最后一段“A$6.50OneDayPassisvalid(有效的)forunlimitedMetrorailtravelonweekdaysafter9:30amoralldaySaturdaysorSundays.(6.50美元的一日通票在工作日的上午9:30之后或周六、周日整天内可无限次数乘坐地铁)”可知，星期日地铁线路在上午7点到12点可以使用一日通，故选B项。Thespeedylizard(蜥蜴)wasmovingquicklyacrossthetabletopwhensuddenlyonefoothitaslipperyspot.Itjustmadeasplit-secondadjustmentasitmovedonward.Afterward,itsmovements,recordedwithHollywood-stylemotion-capturetechnology,wereplayedbackinslowmotion.ThisisthelabofToniaHsieh,aTempleUniversitybiologistwhostudieslifeonthemove.Thegoalofthelizardstudyistousetheanimalsasamodelforhumans,tofigureoutbetterwaystopreventfallsamongtheaged.Thescientistsareusingtwospecies—thefrilleddragonandthebrownbasilisk—thatshareanunusualcharacteristicwithhumans:theabilitytorunontwolegs.Ifthescientistscanfigureouthowtheselizardsremainuprightindifferentsituations,theyhopesomeofthelessonscanbeusedtoguidehumantreatment.Thelizardsrunonatabletopcoveredwithsandpaperexceptforoneslipperyspotinthemiddle:asquareofposterboardcoveredwithcontactpaper.Inthelabrecently,thescientistsfilmedoneofthefrilleddragonsinactionandplayeditbackatslowspeedonacomputerscreen,thelizard’smovementsreducedtoaseriesofcoloreddotsonagraybackground.Atthemomentthelizardsteppedonthecontactpaper,itsleftfootslidtotheside,anditsupperbodytwistedintheoppositedirection.Itbarelyseemedtoloseitsbalance.Couldsomeclueinthosecoloreddotsbeusedtoimprovestabilityinolderadults?Everyyear,thousandsofolder,adultsdiefrominjuriessustainedinfalls.Theworkisstillongoing,butearlyindicationsarethat.tendons(肌腱)inthelizards’feetplay.akeyroleinbalance,actingasspringsthatcounteract(抵消)smallchangesinthesurface.It’savaluablefirstlineofdefensethatkicksinevenbeforethebrainhastimetoreact,Hsiehsaid.Ifthescientistscanfigureoutwhatfactorsaremostimportantinkeepingthelizardsupright,perhapssomeonecanworkoutstrategiestoenhancethosefactorsinpeople.“Ithinkthisisagreatfirststep,”saidHsieh.4．Whatmadethescientistsdecidetoconductthelizardstudy?A．Theircuriosityaboutrunninglizards.B．Theirconcernforlizardconservation.C．Thecharacteristicsofdifferentlizards.D．Thesimilaritybetweenlizardsandhumans.5．Whywascontactpaperusedinthelizardstudy?A．Torecordthelizard’smovements. B．Toprovidestabilityforthelizard.C．Tomakethelizardloseitsbalance. D．Tolimitthelizard’srunningspeed.6．HowdoesHsiehfeelaboutthelizardstudy?A．It’simportantforlizards. B．Ithasbeenagreatsuccess.C．Itneedsmoreassistance. D．Itshowsgreatpromise.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．RunninglikeLizards B．LearningfromLizardsC．KeepingYourBalance D．DevelopingYourPotential【答案】4．D5．C6．D7．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蜥蜴在可能跌倒的情况下仍能保持身体的平衡，人类如何防跌倒方面可以从中获得启示和借鉴。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thegoalofthelizardstudyistousetheanimalsasamodelforhumans,tofigureoutbetterwaystopreventfallsamongtheaged.Thescientistsareusingtwospecies—thefrilleddragonandthebrownbasilisk—thatshareanunusualcharacteristicwithhumans:theabilitytorunontwolegs.(蜥蜴研究的目的是用这种动物作为人类的模型，找出更好的方法来防止老年人跌倒。科学家们使用了两种物种——褶边龙和棕色蛇怪——它们与人类有一个不同寻常的特征：用两条腿跑步的能力)”可知，对蜥蜴奔跑的好奇心促使科学家们决定对蜥蜴进行研究。故选D。5．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thelizardsrunonatabletopcoveredwithsandpaperexceptforoneslipperyspotinthemiddle:asquareofposterboardcoveredwithcontactpaper.(蜥蜴在一张铺着砂纸的桌面上奔跑，除了中间有一块光滑的地方：一块贴着接触纸的方形海报板)”可推知，设置一块光滑的地方是为了观看蜥蜴怎样跌倒的。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Ithinkthisisagreatfirststep,”saidHsieh.(“我认为这是伟大的第一步，”Hsieh说)”可推知，Hsieh对蜥蜴的研究抱有很大的希望。故选D。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第三段“Ifthescientistscanfigureouthowtheselizardsremainuprightindifferentsituations,theyhopesomeofthelessonscanbeusedtoguidehumantreatment.(如果科学家们能弄清楚这些蜥蜴是如何在不同的情况下保持直立的，他们希望其中的一些经验教训可以用来指导人类的治疗)”可知，文章介绍蜥蜴在可能跌倒的情况下仍能保持身体的平衡，人类可以在防跌倒方面获得启示和借鉴。由此可知，B选项“向蜥蜴学习”符合文章大意题，适合作标题。故选B。Thehumaneyecanperceiveabout1millioncolors,butlanguageshavefarfewerwordstodescribethosecolors.LanguagesspokeninindustrializednationssuchastheUnitedStates,forexample,tendtohaveaboutadozenbasiccolorterms,whilelanguagesspokenbypopulationsinremoteareasoftenhavefewer.However,thewaythatalanguagedividesupcolorspacecanbeinfluencedbycontactwithotherlanguages,accordingtoanewstudy.AmongmembersoftheTsimanesociety,wholiveinaremotepartoftheBolivianAmazonrainforest,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadlearnedSpanishasasecondlanguagebegantoclassifycolorsintomorewords,makingcolordistinctionsthatarenotcommonlyusedbyTsimanewhoaremonolingual(单语的).Inthemoststrikingfinding,Tsimanewhowerebilingual(会双语的)beganusingtwodifferentwordstodescribeblueandgreen,whichmonolingualTsimanespeakersdonottypicallydo.TheresearchersalsofoundthatthebilingualTsimanebecamemorepreciseindescribingcolorssuchasyellowandred,whichmonolingualspeakerstendtousetoincludemanyshades(色度)beyondwhataSpanishorEnglishspeakerwouldinclude.WorkingwithmonolingualandbilingualmembersoftheTsimane,theresearchersaskedpeopletoperformtwodifferenttasks.Forthebilingualpopulation,theyaskedthemtodothetaskstwice,onceinTsimaneandonceinSpanish.Inthefirsttask,theresearchersshowedthesubjects84chips(块)ofdifferentcolors,onebyone,andaskedthemwhatwordtheywouldusetodescribethecolor.Inthesecondtask,thesubjectswereshowntheentiresetofchipsandaskedtogroupthechipsbycolorwords.TheresearchersfoundthatwhenperformingthistaskinSpanish,thebilingualTsimaneclassifiedcolorsintothetraditionalcolorwordsoftheSpanishlanguage.Additionally,thebilingualspeakersweremuchmorepreciseaboutnamingcolorswhentheyperformedthetaskintheirnativelanguage.“Thebilingualspeakerslearnedadifferentwaytodivideupthecolorspace,”saysEdwardGibson,theseniorauthorofthestudy.“It’sagreatexampleofoneofthemainbenefitsoflearningasecondlanguage.Youopenadifferentworldandunderstanddifferentconceptsthatyouimporttoyournativelanguage.”8．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheTsimanelanguagefromparagraph3?A．Thereareveryfewcolorwords.B．Thereusedtobenocolorwords.C．Therearenowordsforblueandgreen.D．Therearemanywordsforyellowandred.9．Whichofthefollowingindicatesadifferencebetweenthetwotasks?A．Thenumberofthechips. B．Thecolorofthechips.C．Thewaytoshowthechips. D．Thepeopletoperformthetasks.10．WhatmayexplainwhythebilingualspeakerscouldnamecolorspreciselywhenperformingthetaskinTsimane?A．TheevolutionofTsimane. B．ThepopularityofSpanish.C．TheinfluenceofSpanish. D．TheuniquenessofTsimane.11．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Learninglanguagecanbroadenthemind.B．Contactbetweenlanguagescaninfluenceeachother.C．Bilingualspeakershavemorewordstodescribecolors.D．Alanguagecanacquirenewconceptsfromotherlanguages.【答案】8．A9．C10．C11．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述一项新的研究表明，表明一种语言划分色彩空间的方式可能会受到与其他语言接触的影响。8．推理判断题。根据第三段“Inthemoststrikingfinding,Tsimanewhowerebilingual(会双语的)beganusingtwodifferentwordstodescribeblueandgreen,whichmonolingualTsimanespeakersdonottypicallydo.(最惊人的发现是，会说两种语言的提斯曼人开始用两个不同的词来描述蓝色和绿色，而只会说一种语言的提斯曼人通常不会这么做。)说明提斯曼语把绿色和蓝色混为一谈，再根据“TheresearchersalsofoundthatthebilingualTsimanebecamemorepreciseindescribingcolorssuchasyellowandred,whichmonolingualspeakerstendtousetoincludemanyshades(色度)beyondwhataSpanishorEnglishspeakerwouldinclude.(研究人员还发现，会说两种语言的提斯曼人在描述黄色和红色等颜色时更加精确，而只会说一种语言的人往往会用这些颜色来描述比说西班牙语或英语的人更多的色调。)”可知提斯曼语中的黄色和红色还可以表示其他颜色，所以推断出提斯曼语中用来描述颜色的词非常少，故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第五段“Inthefirsttask,theresearchersshowedthesubjects84chips(块)ofdifferentcolors,onebyone,andaskedthemwhatwordtheywouldusetodescribethecolor.Inthesecondtask,thesubjectswereshowntheentiresetofchipsandaskedtogroupthechipsbycolorwords.(在第一个任务中，研究人员一个接一个地向受试者展示84个不同颜色的块，并问他们会用什么词来描述这种颜色。在第二个任务中，研究人员向受试者展示了整套块，并要求他们按颜色单词对块进行分组。)”可知两个任务之间的区别是展示块的方式不同，故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第一段“However,thewaythatalanguagedividesupcolorspacecanbeinfluencedbycontactwithotherlanguages,accordingtoanewstudy.(然而，一项新的研究表明，一种语言划分色彩空间的方式可能会受到与其他语言接触的影响。)和第二段“AmongmembersoftheTsimanesociety,wholiveinaremotepartoftheBolivianAmazonrainforest,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadlearnedSpanishasasecondlanguagebegantoclassifycolorsintomorewords,makingcolordistinctionsthatarenotcommonlyusedbyTsimanewhoaremonolingual(单语的).(在居住在玻利维亚亚马逊雨林偏远地区的提斯曼人社会成员中，研究人员发现，那些以西班牙语为第二语言的人开始将颜色分类为更多的单词，做出了单语提斯曼人不常用的颜色区分。)”可知双语者在用提斯曼语执行任务时能够准确地说出颜色的名字是受西班牙语的影响，故选C。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However,thewaythatalanguagedividesupcolorspacecanbeinfluencedbycontactwithotherlanguages,accordingtoanewstudy.(然而，一项新的研究表明，一种语言划分色彩空间的方式可能会受到与其他语言接触的影响。)以及下文各段的描述可知会双语的提斯曼人受西班牙语的影响会以一种新的方式描述颜色，可知文章主要讲述一种语言可以从其他语言中获得新的概念，故选D。Theimpactoffastfashionontheenvironmentissignificant.RecentlyZara,oneofthelargestfast-fashionretailers(零售商)intheworld,putforthaconceptthatonlysustainablefabricsareusedinclothingproduction.ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable?Theyproducearound450milliongarments(衣服)ayearandrelease500newdesignsaweek,about20,000ayear.Zara’sfast-fashionmodelhasbeensosuccessfulithasinspiredanentireindustrytofollowthem.Clothingproductiondoubledfrom2012to2022.Theaverageconsumerbought60percentmoreclothingin2022thanin2012,butkepteachgarmenthalfaslong.Andlessthanonepercentofallclothingproducedgloballyisrecycled.Ispendalotoftimereadingthecorporatesocialresponsibilityreportsoflargebrandsandinterviewingmicro-to-smallsizedenterprisestoseehowtheyapproachsustainability.Thelargestsignificantdifferencebetweenthemisculture.Smallbrandsfocusoncreatingacultureofsustainabilitybyusingstrategieslikeproducingmade-to-order,sotheyarenotmakingmorethanwhatissold.Mostsmallbrandsareoptingtoworkunder,an“anti-fashioncalendar”.Theychoosenottofollowtheintenseseasonalcalendarthatfashionfunctionsunder.Theydothisbecausewasteisoneoftheirbiggestconcerns.Theyalsodesignclothingtobeofthehighestquality,ensuringdurabilityandlongevity,soyoumaykeepitlonger.Fastfashionisa“growordie”business,andthefast-fashiongrowthmodelusedbyalllargecompaniesispredicatedonlimitlessgrowth.Largeglobalcorporateretailersarenotseekingtochangetheirfundamentalbusinessmodelorcreateculturesofsustainability.Thatwouldrequirere-workingtheirentirebusinessstructureandultimatelyhurttheirbottomline.IwouldstarttobelieveZaraandotherlargefashionbrandshadgoodintentionstofightclimatechangeiftheystartedtolookathowtomoveawayfromtheircontinuousofferingsofweeklynewproducts.Theyneedtointroducealternativesustainablebusinessmodelpractices.Onesmallstepcouldbetoofferrepairortailoringservices.Tailoringcreatesclothesthatfitperfectly,subsequentlyincreasingtheiremotionalvalue,sothatwelovethemandkeepthemlonger.12．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththenumbersaboutZarainparagraph1?A．Zaraisnoteco-friendly. B．Zaraispopularwithconsumers.C．Zaraisalargefast-fashionretailer. D．Zaraisasuccessinfashionindustry.13．Whichofthefollowingshowsaculturalfeatureofsmallbrands?A．Designingclothingasneeded. B．Designingclothingseasonably.C．Producingclothingasneeded. D．Producingclothingseasonably.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“bottomline”inparagraph5relateto?A．Thefast-fashionretailers. B．Theprofitsfromfastfashion.C．Thecultureofsustainability. D．Therelationshipwithconsumers.15．Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A．Howtomakeconsumerslovetheirclothes.B．Howtomakeconsumersbuylessclothing.C．Howlargefashionbrandsofferweeklynewproducts.D．Howlargefashionbrandsimprovetheirservices.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍快时尚企业生产过量的衣服，破坏生态环境，不符合可持续发展，希望他们能引入可持续发展的商业模式。12．推理判断题。根据第一段“ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable?Theyproducearound450milliongarments(衣服)ayearandrelease500newdesignsaweek,about20,000ayear.Zara’sfast-fashionmodelhasbeensosuccessfulithasinspiredanentireindustrytofollowthem.(但Zara如何才能持续发展呢?他们每年生产约4.5亿件服装，每周发布500种新设计，每年约2万种。Zara的快时尚模式如此成功，以至于激发了整个行业的效仿。)”可知Zara每年生产过量的衣服，破坏生态环境，不符合可持续发展，也就是说Zara不环保，故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Smallbrandsfocusoncreatingacultureofsustainabilitybyusingstrategieslikeproducingmade-to-order,sotheyarenotmakingmorethanwhatissold.(小品牌专注于创造一种可持续发展的文化，通过使用生产定制等策略，这样他们就不会生产超过销售的产品。)由此可知小品牌不会超量生产，也就是按需求生产衣服，故选C。14．词句猜测题，根据上文“Fastfashionisa“growordie”business,andthefast-fashiongrowthmodelusedbyalllargecompaniesispredicatedonlimitlessgrowth.Largeglobalcorporateretailersarenotseekingtochangetheirfundamentalbusinessmodelorcreateculturesofsustainability.Thatwouldrequirere-workingtheirentirebusinessstructureandultimatelyhurttheirbottomline.(快时尚是一个“要么成长，要么死亡”的行业，所有大公司使用的快时尚增长模式都是以无限增长为基础的。大型全球企业零售商并不寻求改变其基本商业模式或创造可持续发展的文化。将需要重新调整他们的整个业务结构，并最终损害他们的bottomline.。)”可知快时尚增长模式如果调整业务结构，会损害他们本身的利益，故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“IwouldstarttobelieveZaraandotherlargefashionbrandshadgoodintentionstofightclimatechangeiftheystartedtolookathowtomoveawayfromtheircontinuousofferingsofweeklynewproducts.Theyneedtointroducealternativesustainablebusinessmodelpractices.Onesmallstepcouldbetoofferrepairortailoringservices.Tailoringcreatesclothesthatfitperfectly,subsequentlyincreasingtheiremotionalvalue,sothatwelovethemandkeepthemlonger.(如果Zara和其他大型时尚品牌开始考虑如何摆脱每周持续推出新产品的做法，我就会开始相信它们对抗气候变化的意图是好的。他们需要引入可替代的可持续商业模式实践。一小步可以是提供修理或剪裁服务。剪裁创造出完美合身的衣服，随后增加了它们的情感价值，这样我们就会更喜欢它们，并更长久地保留它们。)”可知建议快时尚品牌引入可替代的可持续商业模式，提供修理或者剪裁服务，也就是让消费者少买衣服。故选B。Haveyoueverwonderedwhat-setstrulysuccessfulindividualsapart?Theanswerliesingrowththinking.Itcanunlockyourpotentialandleadyoutowardsasuccessfullife.Oneofthemostbeautifulaspectsofgrowththinkingisthatitextendsbeyondpersonaldevelopment.Takeopportunitiestosupportandmotivateothers,andshareyourjourney,knowledge,andexperiences,asitleadstoamorefulfillinglifeforeveryoneinvolved.Humansaresocialcreatures,andwebenefitfromeachotherwhenwedothingstogether.16Buildingpositivehabitsistheactualfoundationofgrowththinking.17Makeapointofengaginginsmall,purposefulactionseveryday,andyouwillcreateapathforlong-termgrowth.It’sthedailyhabitsthatkeepyoumovingtowardsthegoalyouwanttoreach.Challengesarenotroadblocks;theyareopportunitiesfordevelopment.18Youbecomebetterequippedtohandleanunfavorablesituation,adapttochange,andfindinnovativesolutions.Thiskindofattitudelaysthefoundationforlong-termsuccessandhelpsyoudealwithanychallengethatcomesyourway.Reflectionisapowerfultoolforgrowth.Setasidetimeregularlytothinkaboutyourprogressandareasforimprovement.19Itcanbehandwritten,digital,orevenaudiorecordings—whateverworksforyou.Reflectionallowsyoutolearnfromyourexperiences,developstrategies,andstaycommittedtoyourgrowthjourney.Tofostergrowththinking,expandyourlearningresources.Don’tlimityourselftoasinglesourceofknowledge.20It’sreallyalife-longproject.Seekoutdifferentideastobroadenyourunderstandingofanygiventopic.Themoreyoulearn,thebetterequippedyouaretoadaptandgrow,A．Consistencyisdefinitelythekey.B．Yourconfidencedeterminestheendresult.C．Lookingbackalsohelpsyoulearnfromyourmistakes.D．Educationcanmeanmuchmorethansittinginaclassroom.E．Youmaykeepajournaltotrackyourthoughtsandmilestones.F．Bymakingapositiveimpactonothers,youenhanceyourowngrowth.G．Remember,thegreatestgrowthoftenhappensoutsideofyourcomfortzone.【答案】16．F17．A18．G19．E20．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述成长型思维可以释放你的潜力，引导你走向成功的生活并给出培养成长型的思维的方法。16．根据上文“Oneofthemostbeautifulaspectsofgrowththinkingisthatitextendsbeyondpersonaldevelopment.Takeopportunitiestosupportandmotivateothers,andshareyourjourney,knowledge,andexperiences,asitleadstoamorefulfillinglifeforeveryoneinvolved.Humansaresocialcreatures,andwebenefitfromeachotherwhenwedothingstogether.(成长型思维最美妙的方面之一是它超越了个人发展。抓住机会支持和激励他人，分享你的旅程、知识和经历，因为它会给每个人带来更充实的生活。人类是社会动物，当我们一起做事时，我们会彼此受益。)”可知本段主要讲述的是成长型思维在于对他人的影响进而彼此受益，F选项“通过对他人产生积极的影响，你促进了自己的成长。”总结上文，符合题意，故选F。17．根据上文“Buildingpositivehabitsistheactualfoundationofgrowththinking.(养成积极的习惯是成长思维的真正基础。)”和下文“Makeapointofengaginginsmall,purposefulactionseveryday,andyouwillcreateapathforlong-termgrowth.(每天做一些有目的的小事，你就会创造出一条长期成长的道路。)”可知要养成成长型思维，每天要坚持做一些小事，A选项“坚持绝对是关键。”紧密连接上下文，符合题意，故选A。18．根据上文“Challengesarenotroadblocks;theyareopportunitiesfordevelopment.(挑战不是障碍；它们是发展的机会。)”可知有挑战才有成长的机会，说明成长一般都发生在舒适区之外，G选项“记住，最大的成长往往发生在你的舒适区之外。”符合题意，承接上文，故选G。19．根据上文“Reflectionisapowerfultoolforgrowth.Setasidetimeregularlytothinkaboutyourprogressandareasforimprovement.(反思是成长的有力工具。定期留出时间来思考你的进步和需要改进的地方。)”和下文“Itcanbehandwritten,digital,orevenaudiorecordings—whateverworksforyou.(它可以是手写的，数字的，甚至是录音的——任何适合你的。)”可知推断设空应该是一种反思的方式，E选项“你可以写日记来记录你的想法和里程碑。”符合题意，承上启下，故选E。20．根据上文“Tofostergrowththinking,expandyourlearningresources.Don’tlimityourselftoasinglesourceofknowledge.(培养成长型思维，拓展学习资源。不要把自己局限于单一的知识来源。)”可知下文应该具体讲如何拓展学习资源，D选项“教育的意义远不止是坐在教室里。”符合题意，意思不要局限于在教室里学习知识，故选D。二、完形填空SomeoftheclassroomsatTaftElementaryinSantaClara,California,haveoneflaw(缺陷)incommon:Theydon’thave21.“Mostoftheday,thestudentsare22.Andtheydon’treallygettoseeanytrees,orthebluesky,”saidErnestoRodriguez,aschoolpsychologistwitha23forlandscapephotography.“Thelackofwindowsdoesaffectkids,makingit24toconcentrate.Beinginandaroundnature25anxietyandhasbenefitsforstudents.Kidswhohave26outofwindowsdobetteracademically,emotionallyandcreatively.”Hehadan27tobringnatureintoroomsbydevelopinghospitalcurtainsthathecouldprintlandscapesontoasa28tobrightendullrooms.Then,hebroughtlandscapesintoclassrooms—viatheceiling.Rodriguezuseshisphotographyskillstotake360degreeshotsoftreecanopies(树冠).Thenhe29themandfitsthemontotheceiling,sowhenyou30,itfeelslikeyou’resittingunderatree.“Ithasallthoseelementsofthesciencethathelpcalmyoudown,helpyou31andcommunicate.Kidswillwanttocomeinmore32,”hesaid.“It’ssurprisingto33thattherearetreeshere,”onestudentsaidassheenteredtheroomandsawthe34addition.“Iwouldsaythatit’sprettygreatandbeautiful.Treesbringmepeace.”“Thisisa35ofbothmycareersasaschoolpsychologistandaphotographer,”saidRodriguez.21．A．trees. B．ceilings C．windows D．photos22．A．inside B．outside C．downstairs D．upstairs23．A．demand B．concern C．dream D．passion24．A．hard B．useless C．necessary D．endless25．A．connects B．eases C．causes D．increases26．A．time B．access C．thoughts D．views27．A．idea B．approval C．opinion D．impression28．A．guide B．way C．reason D．proposal29．A．collects B．grades C．prints D．cuts30．A．getout B．getup C．lookout D．lookup31．A．play B．eat C．focus D．breathe32．A．frequently B．quickly C．comfortably D．normally33．A．confirm B．see C．fancy D．forget34．A．familiar B．confusing C．new D．usual35．A．characteristic B．combination C．balance D．foundation【答案】21．C22．A23．D24．A25．B26．D27．A28．B29．C30．D31．C32．A33．B34．C35．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是心理学家ErnestoRodriguez分析教室有无窗户在心理上对学生的影响，利用自己的摄影技术，拍摄树的照片安装在教室的天花板上，以弥补学校教室无窗户的缺陷，这对于学生有很大的好处。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：加州圣克拉拉市塔夫脱小学(TaftElementary)的一些教室有一个共同的缺陷：它们没有窗户。A.trees树；B.ceilings天花板；C.windows窗户；D.photos照片。根据下文“Thelackofwindowsdoesaffectkids”可知windows的同词复现，故选C。22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天中的大部分时间，学生们都在室内。A.inside里面；B.outside外面；C.downstairs楼下；D.upstairs楼上。根据下文“Andtheydon’treallygettoseeanytrees,orthebluesky”可知学生大部分时间都在教室内，故选A。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校心理学家埃内斯托·罗德里格斯(ErnestoRodriguez)说，他对风景摄影很感兴趣。A.demand需求；B.concern担心；C.dream梦想；D.passion热情。根据下文“Rodriguezuseshisphotographyskillstotake360degreeshotsoftreecanopies(树冠).”可知他爱好摄影，apassionfor意为“对……的强烈热爱”，故选D。24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有窗户确实会影响孩子们，使他们难以集中注意力。A.hard难的；B.useless无用的；C.necessary必须的；D.endless无尽的。根据上文“Thelackofwindowsdoesaffectkids”可知没有窗户很难让孩子们集中注意力，故选A。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：置身于自然环境中可以缓解焦虑，对学生也有好处。A.connects连接；B.eases减轻，缓和；C.causes造成，引起；D.increases增加。根据下文“Kidswhohave6outofwindowsdobetteracademically,emotionallyandcreatively.”可知在自然环境中可以缓解焦虑，故选B。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：能看到窗外景色的孩子在学业、情感和创造力上都表现得更好。”A.time时间；B.access入口；C.thoughts想法；D.views景色。根据上文“Beinginandaroundnature5anxietyandhasbenefitsforstudents.”以及前文说教室没有窗户可知可以看到窗外的景色，故选D。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他有一个想法，通过开发医院的窗帘，将自然带入房间，他可以在窗帘上印上风景，以此来照亮阴暗的房间。A.idea想法；B.approval赞成；C.opinion意见；D.impression印象。根据下文“bringnatureintoroomsbydevelopinghospitalcurtains”可知这是他的一个想法，故选A。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.guide指南；B.way方法；C.reason理由；D.proposal提议。根据上文“bringnatureintoroomsbydevelopinghospitalcurtainsthathecouldprintlandscapesonto”可知他想开发医院的窗帘，把自然带入房间，是要照亮阴暗的房间，也就是照亮房间的一种方法，故选B。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他把它们打印出来，贴到天花板上，所以当你抬头看的时候，你会觉得自己坐在树下。A.collects收集；B.grades评分；C.prints打印；D.cuts切割。根据上文“Rodriguezuseshisphotographyskillstotake360degreeshotsoftreecanopies(树冠).”可知是把这些照片打印出来固定在天花板上，故选C。30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A.getout逃离；B.getup起床；C.lookout向外看，当心；D.lookup向上看。根据下文“itfeelslikeyou’resittingunderatree.”可知是向上看这些打印的照片，故选D。31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“它有所有这些科学元素，帮助你冷静下来，帮助你集中精力和沟通。孩子们会想要更频繁地来，”他说。A.play玩；B.eat吃；C.focus集中；D.breathe呼吸。根据上文“Ithasallthoseelementsofthesciencethathelpcalmyoudown”可知在室内放上大树的照片能让他们冷静，进而可以集中注意力，故选C。32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.frequently频繁地；B.quickly迅速地；C.comfortably舒适地；D.normally正常地。根据下文““It’ssurprisingto13thattherearetreeshere,”onestudentsaidassheenteredtheroom”可知天花板上有树，对孩子们有吸引力，所以会频繁地进来，故选A。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“看到这里有树真让人惊讶，”一名学生走进房间，看到新增加的东西时说。A.confirm确认；B.see看见；C.fancy想要；D.forget忘记。根据上文“Thenhe9themandfitsthemontotheceiling”可知是看见房间里的树感到惊讶，故选B。34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.familiar熟悉的；B.confusing困惑的；C.new新的；D.usual通常的。根据上文““It’ssurprisingto13thattherearetreeshere,””可知看到新的东西，故选C。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗德里格斯说：“这是我作为学校心理学家和摄影师两种职业的结合。”A.characteristic特点；B.combination结合；C.balance平衡；D.foundation基础。Rodriguez作为学校心理辅导老师分析教室有无窗户在心理上对学生的影响，作为风景摄影师把风景带进教室，以弥补学校教室无窗户的缺陷，所以这是心理学与摄影的结合。故选B。三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenwetellpeoplethatweopenedacompanythatteachespeopleabouttraditionalChineseculture,andallowsthemtoexperiencethingslikecalligraphy,paintingandtaichi,the36(react)weoftengetis“Why?YouareBritish!YoushouldteachBritishculture!”IwouldalwayssaysimplythatIlovetraditionalChineseculture,andwanttosharethat37others.WhentalkingabouttraditionalChineseculture,wearereferringtothelanguage,philosophies,food,artsandcrafts,andcustomsfromthousandsofyearsagouptothe21stcentury,38havebeenpasseddownthroughthegenerations.AndasanyonewhohasheardanythingaboutChina39(know),withahistoryofanestimated5,000years,thatcoversalotofculture!Traditionalcultureisstill40(high)popularin