2024届河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语试题（解析版）

郑州市2024年高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语试题卷本试卷分四部分，考试时间120分钟，满分150分(听力成绩算作参考分)。考生应首先阅读答题卡上的文字信息，然后在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howmuchtimeisleftbeforehandinginthepaper?A.15minutes.B.30minutes.C.45minutes.2.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Studyingroadsigns.B.Havingadrivingtest.C.Askingfordirections.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atahotel.B.Inarestaurant.C.Atadepartment.4.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Awatch.B.Ayounglady.C.Ayoungman.5.Whatkindofmagazineisthemaninterestedin?A.Sportsmagazines.B.Fashionmagazines.C.Sciencemagazines.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whoisthebiggestgiftfrom?A.David.B.Jack.C.Sienna.7.WhatdoesSiennagivethewoman?A.Ascarf.B.Acoat.C.Amusicbox.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhatisTed’scousin?A.Ajournalist.B.Ateacher.C.Asailor.9.HowdoesTedfindteaching?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Challenging.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Neighbors.11.WhydidMarygotoXiamen?A.ToescapeWuhan’sheat.B.Tohelpherunclewithhisbusiness.C.Tohelpherunclewithhisnewapartment.12.WhatdoesMarythinkofseafood?A.Justso-so.B.Delicious.C.Terrible.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhydoesLindawanttotalkwithJohn?A.Toborrowabookfromhim.B.Toinvitehimtoareadingclub.C.Toaskforadviceonherreport.14.Whendoesthegroupusuallymeet?A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.15.HowisTheKiteRunnerinLinda’sopinion?A.It’ssimple.B.It’sdifficult.C.It’snice.16.WhatwillJohndointhefollowingtwoweeks?A.Writeabookreview.B.Readthebookmentioned.C.DiscussthebookwithLinda.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whoarethelisteners?A.Students.B.Visitors.C.Newemployees.18.WhatcanNatWestaccountprovide?A.Afreedrivinglesson.B.Freemobilephoneinsurance.C.DiscountsontrainfaresinBritain.19.Whatdothethreebankshaveincommon?A.Theyprovidefreelifeinsurance.B.TheyhavemanybranchesinBritain.C.Theydon’tchargeinterestsifcustomersareoverdrawn.20.Whichbankhasthelowestinterestrate?A.Barclays.B.HSBC.C.NatWest.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInfluentialArtSheilaMetzner:FromLifeJan.20,2024-Feb.25,2024ThisexhibitioncelebratestheartisticskilloftheinternationallyrespectedAmericanphotographerSheilaMetzner.HeruniquestyleintegratesaspectsofPictorialismandModernismtocreateanaesthetic(美感),whichnotonlystandsoutinthehistoryofphotographybutalsobecomesverycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980’sfashion,beautyanddecorativeartstrends.WilliamBlake:VisionaryJan.17,2024-Feb.24,2024Aremarkableprintmaker,painter,andpoet,WilliamBlake(1757-1827)developedaverywildlyunconventionalworldview.Bycombininghispoetryandimagesonthepagethroughuniquedrawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritishart’smoststrikingandlastingimagery.Thismajorinternationalloanexhibitionexplorestheartist-poet’simaginativeworldthroughhismostcelebratedworks.AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela(1928-1978)Daily,throughJan.16,2024AlfredoBoultonwasoneofthemostimportantintellectualsofthe20thcenturyinLatinAmericaandaninfluentialphotographerofthemodernperiod.Throughhislargecollectionofworks,BoultongeneratedanewculturaldefinitionofVenezuela.ThisexhibitionexploresBoulton’swonderfulphotography,hisrelationshipswithmodernartistsandhisinfluenceontheformalizationofarthistoryinhiscountry.EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary&DanSolomonCollectionDaily,throughJan.25,2024Aroundtheturnofthe20thcentury,photographerEugèneAtgetbrokenewartisticground.Walkingatdawnwithhisheavycamera,hephotographedthesoulofParisanditssurroundingareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,shopfronts,architecturaldetails,staircasesandstreetsellers.Thisfocusedexhibitionfeatureshighlightsfromtheartist’swork,whichcontinuestoinfluencequiteafewphotographerstoday.1.WhatdidSheilaMetznerandAlfredoBoultonhaveincommon?A.Theyshapedartisticexpression.B.Theyexploredculturaldiversity.C.TheyphotographedAmericanlife.D.Theyfocusedonmodernphotography.2.WhatisEugèneAtget’sphotographymainlyabout?A.Frenchfashions. B.Naturallandscapes.C.Architecturaldesigns. D.Urbanstreetscenes.3.Whichexhibitionissuitableforwhoeverstudieswordsandimages?A.WilliamBlake:Visionary.B.SheilaMetzner:FromLife.C.AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela(1928–1978).D.EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary&DanSolomonCollection.【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。介绍四个艺术展。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SheilaMetzner:FromLife表格中的“HeruniquestyleintegratesaspectsofPictorialismandModernismtocreateanaesthetic(美感),whichnotonlystandsoutinthehistoryofphotographybutalsobecomesverycloselyassociatedwiththebestof1980’sfashion,beautyanddecorativeartstrends.(她独特的风格融合了绘画主义和现代主义，创造了一种美学，不仅在摄影史上脱颖而出，而且与20世纪80年代的时尚、美容和装饰艺术趋势密切相关)”以及AlfredoBoulton:LookingatVenezuela表格中的“Throughhislargecollectionofworks,BoultongeneratedanewculturaldefinitionofVenezuela.ThisexhibitionexploresBoulton’swonderfulphotography,hisrelationshipswithmodernartistsandhisinfluenceontheformalizationofarthistoryinhiscountry.(通过他的大量作品收藏，Boulton为委内瑞拉创造了一种新的文化定义。这次展览探讨了Boulton的精彩摄影，他与现代艺术家的关系，以及他对他的国家艺术史形式化的影响)”可知，SheilaMetzner和AlfredoBoulton的共同之处是他们塑造了艺术表达。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据EugèneAtget:HighlightsfromtheMary表格中的“Walkingatdawnwithhisheavycamera,hephotographedthesoulofParisanditssurroundingareasbyfocusingonitsoldalleyways,shopfronts,architecturaldetails,staircasesandstreetsellers.(黎明时分，他带着沉重的相机走在路上，通过关注古老的小巷、店面、建筑细节、楼梯和街头小贩，他拍摄了巴黎及其周边地区的灵魂)”可知，EugèneAtget的摄影作品主要是关于城市街景。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据WilliamBlake:Visionary.表格中的“Aremarkableprintmaker,painter,andpoet,WilliamBlake(1757-1827)developedaverywildlyunconventionalworldview.Bycombininghispoetryandimagesonthepagethroughuniquedrawingtechniques,BlakecreatedsomeofBritishart’smoststrikingandlastingimagery.(WilliamBlake(1757-1827)是一位杰出的版画家、画家和诗人，他形成了一种非常不寻常的世界观。通过独特的绘画技巧将他的诗歌和图像结合在页面上，布莱克创造了一些英国艺术中最引人注目和最持久的图像)”可知，WilliamBlake:Visionary适合研究文字和图像的人。故选A项。Mysonjustturned14anddoesnothaveasmartphone.WhenhegraduatedfromGrade8,hewastheonlykidinhisclasswithoutone.Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain,andhepushesback.“Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfromin-persontoonlineinteraction.Butothermotherschallengemyview.“Hemustfeelsoleftout!”Thentherearetheparentswhotellmesadlythattheywishtheyhaddelayedtheirteenager’sphoneownershiplongerthantheydid.Theyurgemetoholdout.Ifteenagersbetweentheagesof13and18aretrulyspendinganaverageof8hours39minutesperdayontheirdevices,asstatedinasurveyconductedbyCommonSenseMedia,thenwhataretheynotdoing?Kidsabsorbedintheirdevicesaremissingoutonreallife,andthatstrikesmeasreallysad.Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimselfwithoutaskingmeforhelp.Theeasiestandsimplestwaytoachievethesegoalsistodelaygivinghimasmartphone.Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextra-curricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Hepromiseshe’llgivehisown14-year-oldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.IfthatishisversionofadmittingI’mright,I’lltakeit.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pushesback”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Agrees. B.Delays. C.Opposes. D.Persuades.5.Whatistheauthorprimarilyconcernedaboutregardinggivinghersonaphone?A.Herson’sonlinesafety.B.Herson’smentalgrowth.C.Herson’sreducedphysicalactivities.D.Herson’spooracademicperformance.6.Whatqualitydoestheauthorwanthersontodevelopinhischildhood?A.Teamspirit. B.Leadership.C.Independence. D.Criticalthinking.7.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sson?A.Heisfallingbehindacademically.B.Heiseasilyinfluencedbyhisfriends.C.Hehasgivenuphisdesireforasmartphone.D.Hehasrealizedtheproblemsofmuchscreentime.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者反对儿子使用手机及其原因。4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain,andhepushesback.(既然他要上高中了，他就要电话了。我说不行，他问为什么，我解释，然后他pushesback)”以及第二段““Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.(“当你为人父母时，你可以选择以不同的方式做事，”我告诉他。但有时，我会怀疑自己是不是太固执了，还是太不公平了)”可知，作者的儿子要电话时，作者不同意，儿子问为什么之后，作者解释，由第二段作者进一步的解释可推知，作者的儿子仍在进行反对，推测画线短语表示“反对”，与opposes同义。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfromin-persontoonlineinteraction.(我研究得越多，对自己的决定就越有信心。许多研究将当前青少年的心理健康危机与他们社交方式的根本变化联系起来，即从面对面互动转向在线互动)”可知，关于给儿子一部智能手机，作者主要担心的是孩子的心理健康。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimselfwithoutaskingmeforhelp.(我希望我的儿子有一个他感到满意和自豪的童年。我希望它充满冒险、富有想象力的游戏和身体挑战，他必须自己解决这些问题，而不需要我的帮助)”可知，作者希望儿子在童年时期发展出的品质是独立性。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextra-curricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Hepromiseshe’llgivehisown14-year-oldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.(有些人认为我儿子错过了或落后了，但他并没有。他在学校和课外活动中表现出色，当面和朋友们一起玩，并在我们的小镇上独立活动。他承诺有一天会给自己14岁的孩子一部手机，我告诉他没关系。但最近，他承认，他错过了开车去附近山上的美景，因为他太沉迷于朋友的iPad了)”可知，作者的儿子发现沉迷于iPad导致错过了路上的美景，他已经意识到屏幕时间过长的弊端。故选D。CAlltheBeautyintheWorld,PatrickBringley’smemoir(回忆录)abouthis10yearsworkingasaguardatNewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met),bringsnewmeaningtotheterm“artappreciation”.During8-12hourshiftsspentamongthegalleries,hetakesadvantageofthegiftoftimetostudythemasterpieceshe’sbeenhiredtoprotect-andtothinkabouttheroleofartthroughouthistory.BringleyisnottheonlyMetstaffertowriteabouttheinstitution.ButBringley’s“guard’s-eyeview”isunique,andhepresentshispersonalstorywithsincerity.AfterhisbrotherTom’sdeathfromcancerin2008,Bringleygaveuphisjobasajournalistforajobinwhich“Iwashappytobegoingnowhere”.Heexplains,“Ihadlostsomeone.Ididnotwishtomoveonfromthat.Inasense,Ididn’twishtomoveatall.”Bringleydoesn’tsaywhenhedecidedtochannelhisexperienceoffindingpeaceintoart,butthisstoryaboutjumpingoffthecareerladderinordertofindthespaceforquietreflectionissurprisinglysuitedtoourtimes.AlltheBeautyintheWorldofferswell-chosenfactsaboutthemuseumtosupportBringley’spersonaltale.Asinterestingasthesefactsare,it’sBringley’sreflectionsondozensofindividualpaintings,photographs,sculpturesandancientartifactsthatturnthisbookintoatribute(致敬)tothepowerofart.DiscussingAlfredStieglitz’sphotographsofhiswife,hewrites,“Ithinkthatsometimesweneedpermissiontostopandadorethings,andaworkofartgivesusthat.”InaVermeerportraitofadozingmaidservant,heismovedtoseethattheartistcaught“thatfeelingwesometimeshavethataprivatesettingpossessesaholiness(神圣)ofitsown.ItwasmyconstantfeelinginTom’shospitalroom”.AsrichinmovinginsightsastheMetisintreasuresAlltheBeautyintheWorldremindsusoftheimportanceoflearningnotaboutart,butfromit.Thisisartappreciationatahighlevel.8.WhatmakesAlltheBeautyintheWorlddifferentfromotherbooksbyMetstaffers?A.Itsauthor’spersonalsadstory.BItsauthor’suniquepointofview.C.Itswell-chosenfactsaboutthemuseum.D.Itsdetailedintroductiontotheartworks.9.WhydidBringleydecidetobecomeaguardattheMet?A.Torememberhisdeadbrother.B.Toenrichhisjournalismcareer.C.Tofindsomepeaceandquietinart.D.Tostudytheartworksmoreclosely.10.HowdoesBringleytellthemuseumstoriesinhismemoir?AByrelatingmuseumfactstohispersonallife.B.Byinterviewingretiredmuseumstaffmembers.C.Bypresentingthebackgroundofeachmasterpiece.D.Byengagingvisitorsinthediscussionoftheartworks.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthebookasawhole?A.Itrevealstheinnerworldoftheauthor.B.Itoffersnewinsightsintoartappreciation.C.Ittellslittle-knownfactsaboutthemuseum.D.Itdeservestobereadforsomepeaceandquiet.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。作者介绍了PatrickBringley的回忆录《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》以及他在纽约大都会艺术博物馆工作10年的经历。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“BringleyisnottheonlyMetstaffertowriteabouttheinstitution.ButBringley’s“guard’s-eyeview”isunique,andhepresentshispersonalstorywithsincerity.(Bringley并不是唯一一个写大都会博物馆的员工。但Bringley的“哨兵视角”是独一无二的，他真诚地呈现了自己的个人故事)”可知，Bringley独特的视角让《世界上所有的美丽》与大都会工作人员的其他书籍不同。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AfterhisbrotherTom’sdeathfromcancerin2008,Bringleygaveuphisjobasajournalistforajobinwhich“Iwashappytobegoingnowhere”.Heexplains,“Ihadlostsomeone.Ididnotwishtomoveonfromthat.Inasense,Ididn’twishtomoveatall.”Bringleydoesn’tsaywhenhedecidedtochannelhisexperienceoffindingpeaceintoart,butthisstoryaboutjumpingoffthecareerladderinordertofindthespaceforquietreflectionissurprisinglysuitedtoourtimes.(2008年，他的哥哥汤姆因癌症去世后，Bringley放弃了记者的工作，转而从事一份“我很高兴自己哪儿也去不了”的工作。他解释说：“我失去了一个我爱的人。我并不想就这样结束。从某种意义上说，我根本不想搬家。”Bringley没有说他是什么时候决定把自己寻找平静的经历转化为艺术的，但这个关于为了寻找安静反思的空间而放弃职业阶梯的故事，与我们的时代惊人地契合)”可知，为了在艺术中寻找平和与宁静，所以Bringley决定成为大都会博物馆的一名警卫。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AlltheBeautyintheWorldofferswell-chosenfactsaboutthemuseumtosupportBringley’spersonaltale.(《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》提供了精心挑选的关于博物馆的事实来支持布林利的个人故事)”可知，在他的回忆录中，Bringley把博物馆的事实和他的个人生活联系起来。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“AlltheBeautyintheWorld,PatrickBringley’smemoir(回忆录)abouthis10yearsworkingasaguardatNewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met),bringsnewmeaningtotheterm“artappreciation”.(PatrickBringley的回忆录《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》讲述了他在纽约大都会艺术博物馆当警卫的10年经历，为“艺术欣赏”一词带来了新的含义)”以及最后一段“AsrichinmovinginsightsastheMetisintreasures,AlltheBeautyintheWorldremindsusoftheimportanceoflearningnotaboutart,butfromit.Thisisartappreciationatahighlevel.(就像大都会博物馆的宝藏一样，《AlltheBeautyintheWorld》充满了动人的见解，它提醒我们从艺术中学习的重要性，而不是了解艺术。这是一种高层次的艺术欣赏)”可知，作者认为这本书为艺术欣赏提供了新的见解。故选B项。DManynewsreportsfocusonclimatechangethesedays.Extremeheat,wildfires,floods,homelesspolarbears...Howdoyoufeelwhenreadingworryingnewsaboutclimatechange?Youmaybelievethatpeoplearebecominginsensitivetothewarmingplanet,acceptingthatitisonlygettingworse.AresearchteamatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,US,reportedotherwise.Torecordhowthenewscanimpactpeople’semotions,participantswerefirstexposedtonegativenewsstoriesaboutclimatechangeforthreedays.Theythencontinuedtoreadnegativenewsheadlinesforsevendays.Inthefirstthreedays,theparticipantsexperiencedgreaterfearandlesshope,whichcanpotentiallyhurtanaudience’sbeliefthattheycandoanythingtotackletheproblem.However,duringtheseven-day-longexposure,thefearpeakedandthenheldsteady(稳定的).“Wesawtheoppositepatterninoursecondstudy.Themoreexposurepeoplehadtothesethreateningnewsstorieseachday,themorelikelytheyaretothinkthattheycanmakeadifferenceintacklingclimatechange,”ChristoferSkurka,thepaper’sleadauthortoldthePennsylvaniaStateUniversitywebsite.Accordingtotheresearchers,onepossibilityisthatwhenthepublichearsaboutclimatechangethreats,theymayconvincethemselvesthattheyhavecontroloverthesituation.Theywillthenbelievethattheiractionsmaymakeadifference.Knowingthateveryoneisabletohelpisonlythefirststep.Accordingtoastudythatanalyzedinformationfrom430differentstudies,whatmotivatespeoplethemosttochangetheirbehaviorissocialcomparison.Forexample,ifaperson’sneighborsfollowalow-carbonlifestyle,suchasdrivingelectriccars,thepersonmayfeelsocialpressureandbecomemorelikelytofollowthisbehavior.Thishappensbecausepeopleusuallyjudgetheirownbehaviorandfollowsocialnorms(规范).Anothereffectivemotivationisprovidingfinancialrewardstoconsumers,helpingthemsavemoney.“Therearesomanyroutestoourgoals,”MatthewGoldberg,theco-authorofthestudy,toldScientificAmerican.AsGoldbergpointedout,futureresearchlikethiscanhelppolicymakersdecidehowbesttoencouragepeopletowardmoreclimate-friendlyhabits.12.Howdidtheparticipantsreacttonegativenewsinthesecondstudy?A.Theyfoundthenewsunbelievable.B.Theylosthopeintacklingclimatechange.C.Theyexperiencedgreaterfearforthefuture.D.Theyfeltastrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.13.Whatencouragespeoplemosttowardmoreclimate-friendlybehavior?A.Effectivepolicy. B.Healthylifestyle.C.Socialinfluence. D.Financialsupport.14.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Responsestoclimatechangeeducation.B.Theeffectivenessofcommunityinitiatives.C.Theimpactofsocialnormsonenvironment.D.Waystoencourageclimate-friendlybehavior.15.WhatisGoldberg’sattitudetowardssimilarfutureresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公众读到气候变化威胁的负面新闻的反应，并介绍了鼓励气候友好型行为的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Wesawtheoppositepatterninoursecondstudy.Themoreexposurepeoplehadtothesethreateningnewsstorieseachday,themorelikelytheyaretothinkthattheycanmakeadifferenceintacklingclimatechange,(我们在第二项研究中看到了相反的模式。人们每天接触这些威胁性新闻的次数越多，他们就越有可能认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面有所作为)”可知，在第二项研究中，参与者面对负面新闻，认为自己可以在应对气候变化方面有所作为，即他们感受到强烈的社会责任感。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Accordingtotheresearchers,onepossibilityisthatwhenthepublichearsaboutclimatechangethreats,theymayconvincethemselvesthattheyhavecontroloverthesituation.Theywillthenbelievethattheiractionsmaymakeadifference.(根据研究人员的说法，一种可能性是，当公众听到气候变化威胁时，他们可能会说服自己，他们可以控制局势。然后，他们会相信自己的行动可能会有所不同)”以及第五段“Accordingtoastudythatanalyzedinformationfrom430differentstudies,whatmotivatespeoplethemosttochangetheirbehaviorissocialcomparison.(根据一项分析430项不同研究信息的研究，最能激励人们改变他们行为的是社会比较)”可知，人们可能会说服自己采取环保的行为，最能激励人们改变自己行为的是社会比较，即社会影响。故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Knowingthateveryoneisabletohelpisonlythefirststep.Accordingtoastudythatanalyzedinformationfrom430differentstudies,whatmotivatespeoplethemosttochangetheirbehaviorissocialcomparison.Forexample,ifaperson’sneighborsfollowalow-carbonlifestyle,suchasdrivingelectriccars,thepersonmayfeelsocialpressureandbecomemorelikelytofollowthisbehavior.Thishappensbecausepeopleusuallyjudgetheirownbehaviorandfollowsocialnorms(规范).Anothereffectivemotivationisprovidingfinancialrewardstoconsumers,helpingthemsavemoney.(知道每个人都有能力提供帮助只是第一步。根据一项分析430项不同研究信息的研究，最能激励人们改变行为的是社会比较。例如，如果一个人的邻居遵循低碳生活方式，例如驾驶电动汽车，该人可能会感到社会压力，并更有可能遵循这种行为。之所以会发生这种情况，是因为人们通常会评判自己的行为并遵循社会规范。另一个有效的动机是向消费者提供经济奖励，帮助他们省钱)”可知，本段主要介绍了鼓励人们采取环保行为的方法，即鼓励气候友好型行为的方法。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Therearesomanyroutestoourgoals,”MatthewGoldberg,theco-authorofthestudy,toldScientificAmerican.AsGoldbergpointedout,futureresearchlikethiscanhelppolicymakersdecidehowbesttoencouragepeopletowardmoreclimate-friendlyhabits.(该研究的合著者马修·戈德堡告诉《科学美国人》杂志：“实现我们的目标有很多途径。正如戈德堡指出的那样，未来的研究可以帮助政策制定者决定如何最好地鼓励人们养成更有利于气候的习惯。”)”可知，对类似的未来研究持有乐观的态度。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Recently,atopicfeaturing“Graduatesavoidsendingresumesoutofsocialanxietydisorder”receivedmanycommentsonSinaWeibo.Itseemsthatsocialanxietydisorder,alsoknownassocialphobia(恐惧症),isaffectingmanypeople’slives.Over80%ofuniversitystudentswhotookpartinasurveytendedtoavoidsocialinteractionduetoanassumedsocialphobia.____16____Forthosewhohaveasocialphobia,everydaysocialsituationscausestrongfearbeyondtheircontrolbecausetheyfearbeingwatchedorjudgednegativelybyothers.Havingasocialphobiacanmeanphysicalsymptomslikeblushing(脸红),upsetstomach,orhavingtroublecatchingyourbreath.Thegoodnewsisthatitistreatable.____17____Avoidingsocialsituationsbecauseofshynessmightmeanmissingoutonopportunitiesorbeingrude.IusedtobesoshythatIavoidedgreetingpeopleIknewbypretendingtoscroll(滚屏)onmyphoneorturninginanotherdirection.____18____WhenIsawhim,Istartedscrollingonmyphoneasusualtoavoidgreetinghim.Butheimmediatelysawthroughitandasked,“Whydidyoupretendnottoseeme?”Aftermyexplanation,hereplied,“Icanrelatetofeelingawkward,butoncesomeonerealizesthatyou’reavoidinghim,itcancomeacrossasrude.”____19____Beingafraidofnegativecomments,theysimplyshutthemselvesdownsothatnoonewillhavethechancetojudgethem.Butsocializingnotonlyleadstojudgment.Ifyou’reluckyenough,youmaycomeacrosssomeonewhogivesdirectbuthonestfeedback,likewhattheseniorjournalistdidforme.Butifsomepeopleonlyofferyounegativejudgment,simplystayawayfromthem.____20____Whygiveuponopportunitiesforsocialinteractionbecauseoffearsofcommentsandjudgment?A.Afterall,theyarenotmakingyouanybetter.B.Understandit’sperfectlyfinetomakemistakes.C.Herearesometipsforovercomingafearofsocialinteraction.D.Butisavoidingsocialinteractionequaltohavingasocialphobia?E.However,myattitudebegantochangewhenImetaseniorjournalist.F.Butifyouonlyfeelabituncomfortable,itmightmeanyouarejustshy.G.Shypeopleavoidsocializingbecausetheytakeothers’opinionsseriously.【答案】16.D17.F18.E19.G20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讨论社交焦虑和害羞的区别来解释避免社交互动的原因。【16题详解】根据前文“Over80%ofuniversitystudentswhotookpartinasurveytendedtoavoidsocialinteractionduetoanassumedsocialphobia.(在一项调查中，超过80%的大学生由于假定的社交恐惧症而倾向于避免社交互动)”可知，此处作者说80%的大学生由于假定的社交恐惧症而倾向于避免社交互动，以及后文内容在讨论因为害羞避免社交是不是社交恐惧症的问题，所以D项“Butisavoidingsocialinteractionequaltohavingasocialphobia?(但是，回避社交就等于患有社交恐惧症吗?)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故选D项。【17题详解】根据前文“Havingasocialphobiacanmeanphysicalsymptomslikeblushing(脸红),upsetstomach,orhavingtroublecatchingyourbreath.Thegoodnewsisthatitistreatable.(社交恐惧症可能意味着身体症状，比如脸红、胃部不适或呼吸困难。好消息是它是可以治疗的)”以及后文“Avoidingsocialsituationsbecauseofshynessmightmeanmissingoutonopportunitiesorbeingrude.(因为害羞而逃避社交场合可能意味着错过机会或变得粗鲁)”可知，前文讲述社交恐惧症可能引发的身体症状，后文讲述害羞的缺点，所以空处应是过渡句，F项“Butifyouonlyfeelabituncomfortable,itmightmeanyouarejustshy.(但如果你只是觉得有点不舒服，那可能意味着你只是害羞)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文，起到过渡作用。故选F项。【18题详解】根据前文“IusedtobesoshythatIavoidedgreetingpeopleIknewbypretendingtoscroll(滚屏)onmyphoneorturninginanotherdirection.(我曾经很害羞，为了避免和认识的人打招呼，我会假装在手机上滚动或转向另一个方向)”以及后文“WhenIsawhim,Istartedscrollingonmyphoneasusualtoavoidgreetinghim.Butheimmediatelysawthroughitandasked,“Whydidyoupretendnottoseeme?”Aftermyexplanation,hereplied,“Icanrelatetofeelingawkward,butoncesomeonerealizesthatyou’reavoidinghim,itcancomeacrossasrude.”(当我看到他时，我开始像往常一样刷手机，避免和他打招呼。但他立刻看穿了，问道：“你为什么假装没看见我?”在我解释完之后，他回答说：“我能理解这种尴尬的感觉，但一旦别人意识到你在回避他，就会觉得你很粗鲁。”)”可知，作者本段在以自己举例，自己曾经很害羞，但是有人改变了她，所以E项“However,myattitudebegantochangewhenImetaseniorjournalist.(然而，当我遇到一位资深记者时，我的态度开始改变)”符合文意。故选E项。【19题详解】分析设空，位于段首，是本段中心句，根据后文“Beingafraidofnegativecomments,theysimplyshutthemselvesdownsothatnoonewillhavethechancetojudgethem.Butsocializingnotonlyleadstojudgment.Ifyou’reluckyenough,youmaycomeacrosssomeonewhogivesdirectbuthonestfeedback,likewhattheseniorjournalistdidforme.(由于害怕负面评论，他们干脆把自己关起来，这样就没有人有机会评判他们。但社交不仅会导致评判。如果你足够幸运，你可能会遇到一些人，他们会给出直接而诚实的反馈，就像那位资深记者对我所做的那样)”可知，本段主要讲述害羞的人主要是害怕负面评论，所以G项“Shypeopleavoidsocializingbecausetheytakeothers’opinionsseriously.(害羞的人避免社交，因为他们把别人的意见当回事)”是本段中心句，符合文意。故选G项。【20题详解】根据前文“Butifsomepeopleonlyofferyounegativejudgment,simplystayawayfromthem.(但如果有些人只给你负面评价，那就离他们远点)”可知，A项“Afterall,theyarenotmakingyouanybetter.(毕竟，它们不会让你变得更好)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选A项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In2019,TomasQuinonesundertooka7-daybiketrip,coveringsomeremotedesertinOregon.Histripwas____21____withtheusualdifficulties.Helosthisshoesandwasonlyrelyingonapairofsandals(凉鞋).Hiswatersupplywassometimes____22____.Buttherewerealsomomentsofunexpected____23____:Acoupleofferedtosharetheirlunch;aguyinthetruckaskedifheneededanyhelp.Onthelastdayofhistrip