Unit+4+Space+Exploration+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

Book3Unit4

Usageoftheinfinitive(不定式)2Readandpayattentiontothewordsinred.LeadinTianwen-1isChina'sfirstmissiontolandonMars.3LeadinReadandpayattentiontothewordsinred.YangLiweithoughtlittleofhispersonallifetofocusonhiswork.非谓语动词

动词不定式todo过去分词(done)现在分词/动名词(doing)

THEinfinitive不定式不定式，又称为动词不定式，是指动词中的一种不带词形变化，也不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。不定式属于非谓语动词形式。一.定义THEinfinitive不定式

动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语。不定式可充当

主语表语宾语定语状语宾补

二.功能主动语态被动语态意义一般式todotobedone表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后进行式tobedoing表示谓语动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式tohavebeendoing表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行基本结构:“to+动词原形”,to是不定式标志,无意义,有时不定式符号to可省略。否定形式:notto+动词原形动词不定式的结构

三.结构FunctionsofinfinitivesToliveabroadisnoteasy.Sheplannedtovisitherparentsnextweek.Thequestionishowtogetthere.ThefirstpersontocomeisMr.Brown.HewenttoFrancetolearnFrench.Hisfatherencouragedhimtofindanewjob.主语宾语表语定语宾补状语作定语1.

Ihavenodesiretowrite.2.

TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive.3.Therewasnothingtobedone.句子成分用法不定式在句中中作___________1.可修饰：2.多置于被修饰词___________3.多表示_____________的动作。定语名词或者代词之后作后置定语将来的作定语1.The

next

traintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youare

theonlypersontobepunishedformissingsuchanimportant

meeting.3.Itisrecognizedthatheisthebestmantodothejob.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.总结2.序数词、形容词最高级和thelast/theonly/thenext等后被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。作定语1.Pleasemakeaneffort

tocatchthebus.2.Hemadea

promise

tocomehereontimetomorrow.3.Doyouhave

anything

tosay?

4.Ihave

nothing

tofearbutfearitself.总结3.抽象名词ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream等后或不定代词something,nothing,anything等后常用不定式作定语。作定语1.Ihave

nothing

tofearbutfearitself.

2.Thereis

nothing

formetodotoday.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout/tobe

worriedabout.

总结4.在therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。若有逻辑主语，不定式只能用主动（todo)。THEinfinitiveItisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Toseeonetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Toperseveremeansvictory!在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置。作主语THEinfinitiveTobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.

注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”，如：Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.前有do，后无to作表语THEinfinitive（1）．“动词+带to的不定式结构”。例如：这类动词常见的有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,mean,intend,begin,等，（2）．“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构”。I’vearrangedtomeethimatteno’clock.Ididn’texpect

tofindyouhere.Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.作宾语THEinfinitiveIfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合,即在含有否定意义的带有介词except或but(=except)的结构中才能这样用，例如：注：如果不定式结构有自己的补语，则常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后置，例如：Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Thechilddidnothingexceptweep.Shecandoanythingbutsing.前有do，后无toTHEinfinitive不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原因等。Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.Shewepttohearthenews.目的目的目的结果结果原因作状语THEinfinitiveDon’tforceyourselftowritewhenyouhavenothingtosay.Heurgedustoacceptthecompromise.Weshouldtrainthemtomakeuseofreferencebooks.注：see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,observe,feel,have，make，let这些词后面常用省掉to的不定式做宾补，但若用在被动结构里，to则不能省略。Heobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.Theaccusedmanwasobservedtoenterthebank.作宾语补足语toplaywithtodependonTopassthecollegeentranceexaminationinorderto/soastopickuppassengerstofindthetempleonlytofindTotelltobeheldtobetoagreetobetakentosavetobeworking一句多译我们将召开会议来讨论这种不健康的生活方式。①We’llholdameeting_____________________theunhealthylifestyle.②We’llholdameeting_____________________theunhealthylifestyle.③We’llholdameeting_____________________theunhealthylifestyle.④________________________theunhealthylifestyle，we’llholdameeting.⑤________________theunhealthylifestyle，we’llholdameeting.todiscussinordertodiscusssoastodiscussInordertodiscussTodiscuss同义句转换①WestayedinBeijingsothat/inorderthatwecouldvisittheBird’sNest.→WestayedinBeijing_____________________________theBird’sNest.②Wewilldoeverythingin