高考英语培优增分一轮人教经典版培优讲义必修23Unit3Computers

话题素材——电脑网络科技[话题词汇]1．conveniencen.方便；便利2.beneficialadj.有益的；有好处的3．electronicadj.电子的4.technologyn.技术；科技5．updaten.&vt.更新；(使)现代化6．be_addicted_to对……上瘾7．negativeeffects负面影响8.with_the_help_of在……帮助下9．makeadifference有影响；有关系10．shoponline网购11．changeone'slife改变某人的生活12．improve_the_quality_of_life改善生活质量13．more_and_more_popular越来越流行14．surf_the_Internet上网浏览信息(网上冲浪)15．contributeto...导致；促进……[经典佳句]1．With_the_help_oftheputer,it_has_bee_possibleforhumansto_workathome.在电脑的帮助下，人们在家办公已成为可能。2．There_is_no_doubt_thatspendingtoomuchtimesurfingtheInternetwilldo_harm_toteenagers.毫无疑问，花费太多的时间上网对青少年不利。3．Wehavetosayit_isjusttheInternetthatismakingourlifemorecolourfulandfortable.我们必须承认正是网络使我们的生活更加丰富多彩和舒适。精美语篇RecentlyourclassdiscussedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsurfingtheInternet.Hereareourconclusions.Ofcourse,surfingtheInternetclearlyhassomeadvantages.ThereisnodoubtthattheInternetmakesmunicationeasierandhelpsuskeepupwiththelatestinformation.Italsoprovidesuswithvariouswaystokilltime,suchasonlineshopping,onlinemoviesandonlinechatswithfriends.Likeanythingelse,theInternetisnotperfect.Beingaddictedtoitcanwastealotoftime,especiallyforusstudents;notonlycanourstudiesbeharmedbyourspendingtoomuchtimeonline,butweoftenhearnewsofstudentswhometdangerouspeopleonlineorevengotcheated.Inmyopinion,whensurfingtheInternet,weshouldbeawareofboththeadvantagesanddisadvantages.Onlyinthiswaycanwereallybenefitfromit.◆高频单词1．calculate(vt.)计算→calculation(n.)计算2．universal(adj.)普遍的；通用的；宇宙的→universe(n.)宇宙；天地万物3．simplify(vt.)简化→simple(adj.)简单的→simply(adv.)仅仅；只；不过4．operator(n.)(电脑)操作员；接线员→operate(v.)运转；工作→operation(n.)手术；运作5．logical(adj.)合逻辑的；合情理的→logically(adv.)逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地6．technology(n.)工艺；科技；技术→technological(adj.)科技的7．intelligence(n.)智力；聪明；智能→intelligent(adj.)智能的；聪明的8．solve(vt.)解决；解答→solution(n.)解决；解答9．reality(n.)真实；事实；现实→real(adj.)真正的；真实的→really(adv.)真正地；确实地10．personal(adj.)私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally(adv.)就个人而言；亲自→personality(n.)个性；人格；名人11．total(adj.)总的；整个的(n.)总数；合计(vt.)共计；总计→totally(adv.)完全地；整个地12．application(n.)应用；用途；申请→apply(v.)应用；申请→applicant(n.)申请人；求职者→applied(adj.)应用的；实用的13．finance(n.)金融；财经→financial(adj.)金融的；财政的14．explore(vt.&vi.)探索；探测；探究→explorer(n.)探险家；勘探者→exploration(n.)探索15．anyhow(adv.)(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此16．goal(n.)目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分17．happiness(n.)幸福；快乐→happy(adj.)高兴的；快乐的18．signal(vi.&vt.)发信号(n.)信号19．type(n.)类型(vt.&vi.)打字→typist(n.)打字员20．arise(vi.)出现；发生→arose(过去式)→arisen(过去分词)21．electronic(adj.)电子的→electricity(n.)电；电学22．appearance(n.)外观；外貌；出现→appear(vi.)出现23．character(n.)性格；特点→characteristic(adj.)典型的；独特的；特有的(n.)特征；特色◆重点短语1．from_then_on从那时起2．go_by时光流逝；顺便拜访3．as_a_result结果4．of_high_quality高质量的5．in_a_way在某种程度上6．makeup弥补；化妆；编造；构成7．afterall毕竟8．withthehelpof在……的帮助下9．dealwith处理；安排；对付10．watchover看守；监视◆热点句型1．before“……之后才……”，引导时间状语从句Idevelopedveryslowlyandit_took_nearly_two_hundred_years_before(差不多过了两百年才)IwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.(教材P18)2．as“随着”，引导时间状语从句As_time_went_by(随着时间的推移),Iwasmadesmaller.(教材P18)3．so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedso_much_that(如此快以至于),likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold！(教材P18)4．Itis＋adj.＋todosth.“做某事是……的”Ithinkit's_impossible_to_live(无法生活)withoutputers！(教材P19)5．bythetime...“到……为止”By_the_time_I_was_sixteen(在我满十六岁时)，mydreamhadetrue.(教材P20)6．what引导表语从句Afterall,withthehelpofmyelectronicbrainwhichneverforgetsanything,usingintelligenceiswhat_I'm_all_about(我的一切)！(教材P23)◆同步训练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Fromthenon,Igrew________(rapid)bothinsizeandinbrainpower.答案：rapidly2．Bythe1940sI________(grow)aslargeasaroom,andIwondered________Iwouldgrowanylarger.答案：hadgrown;if3．Mymemorybecame________largethatevenIcouldn'tbelieveit!答案：so4．Iwasalwayssolonely________(stand)therebymyself,untilintheearly1960stheygavemeafamily________(connect)byanetwork.答案：standing;connected5．Sincethe1970s,manynewapplications________(find)forme.答案：havebeenfound6．Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandused________(make)mobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.答案：tomake7．Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumans________alifeofhighquality.答案：with8．Wearedetermined________(create)anevenbettersystem.答案：tocreate9．Sheprogramsuswithallthepossiblemovesshehasseenwhile________(watch)humangames.答案：watching10．Shepreparesreliablemovestouseifanewsituation________(arise)．答案：arises1totaladj.总的；整个的n．总数；合计教材原句AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.(P18)因此，我已经完全改变了形状。(1)atotalof总共……intotal总计；总共(＝inall)(2)totallyadv.完全地；整个地①Yougot47pointsonthewrittenexaminationand18ontheoral,makinga_total_of65.你笔试得了47分，口试得了18分，总分65分。②In_total,_25%ofIndia'sworking­agepopulationhasnoeducation.印度的劳动适龄人口中共计有25%的人没有受到教育。③Theycamefromtotallydifferentcultures.他们来自完全不同的文化。2signalvi.&vt.发信号；发暗号；示意n．信号；暗号教材原句Ihavelearnedtosignaltomyteammatesinputerlanguagetogivemetheball...(P23)我已经学会了用计算机语言示意我的队友把球传给我……(1)signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signalthat示意……(2)adanger/warning/trafficsignal一个危险/警告/交通信号①Thepolicesignalled/signaled_(to)thedriverto_stophiscarbyraisinghishand.警察举手示意司机停车。②Aredlightisa_signal_ofdanger,whichisevenknowntoafive－year－oldchild.红灯是危险信号，这是一个5岁孩子都知道的事情。3arisevi.出现；发生；(由……)引起；起身；起床教材原句Thenshepreparesreliablemovestouseifanewsituationarises.(P23)接着她准备好了可行的步骤来应对新情况的出现。(1)arise表示“出现；发生”之意时，其主语多为problem,argument,quarrel,danger,movement,question等抽象名词，多指不好的事情发生或出现。(2)arisefrom/outof由……而引起；由……而产生①Anewdifficultyhas_arisen.新困难出现了。②Problemsarise_from/out_ofthelackofmunication.问题由于缺乏交流而产生。③写出下列句中arise的含义a．Unexpecteddifficultiesaroseinthecourseoftheirexperiment.出现b．Mistakesoftenarisefromcarelessness.由……而引起c．Theyaroseatsunrisetogetanearlystarttothepark.起床d．Seeingtheirteachereintotheclassroom,allthestudentsarosefromthechairs.起身[易混辨析]单词词性词义过去式过去分词v.­ingarise(vi.)出现；发生；起因于arosearisenarisingarouse(vt.)唤醒；激起arousedarousedarousingrise(vi.)升起；起身；增长；上升roserisenrisingraise(vt.)举起；唤起；提高；饲养raisedraisedraising[一言辨异]Oneoftheproblemsarising_fromthepresenteconomicsituationisthatthepriceisrisingsharply,ofcourse,partlybecausesomeillegalbusinessmenraiseitonpurpose,whichhasarousedsomeobjections.当前经济形势产生的问题之一是价格迅速上涨，当然，部分原因是一些不法商贩故意提高价格；这种现象已经引起了一片反对之声。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Withmanyproblems________(arise),hedidn'tknowwhattodonext.答案：arising此处为with复合结构。arise与problems之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。2．Theteamareworkinghardtoanalyzetheproblemsothattheycanfindthebest________(solve)．答案：solution此处应该填名词，因为空格前有形容词修饰。3．Thereisanotherkindofbeautythathasnothingtodowith________(appear),butesfromtheheart.答案：appearance介词后应填名词。4．Ithink________(happy)dependsonourattitudetowardslife.答案：happiness此处需填名词作宾语从句中的主语，happiness“幸福；快乐”。5．Ifyouarenot________(total)satisfied,returnitatourexpenseandyourmoneywillbegivenbacktoyou.答案：totally此处应填副词修饰形容词satisfied。6．Tryto________(simple)yourexplanationtothestudentstohelpthemunderstandbetter.答案：simplifytrytodosth.“尽力做某事”，故空处需填动词。simplify“简化”。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Personalspeaking,itisheratherthanyouthatistoblamefortheaccident.______________________________________________________答案：Personal→Personally2．Herchildhooddreambecamearealwhenshebrokethe100mraceworldrecord.______________________________________________________答案：real→reality3．Shesignalledtothechildrenstandupandanswerthequestion.______________________________________________________答案：children后加to4．Onceyouhavehadsometraining,you'rereadytotakeadiveandexploredawholenewworldunderthesea.______________________________________________________答案：explored→exploreasaresult结果；因此教材原句AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.(P18)因此，我已经完全改变了形状。asaresult表示“结果；因此”，引出结果，在句中充当状语asaresultof表示“作为……的结果；由于”，引出原因，是介词短语withoutresult毫无结果；白费resultfrom由……造成；因……而产生resultin导致①Peoplehavebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongeras_a_result.人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。②Shediedas_a_result_ofherinjuries.她因伤死亡。③Themeetingbrokeupwithout_result.会议没有结果就结束了。④Ithinkhisillnessresulted_fromtheoverfulltiredness.我认为他的疾病是因为过度劳累而造成。⑤Thefloodhas_resulted_inmanydeaths.洪水已经造成了很多人死亡。inaway在某种程度上教材原句Inawayourprogrammerislikeourcoach.(P23)在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像我们的教练。alltheway一路上；自始至终；完全bytheway顺便说bywayof经由；通过……方法inthisway用这种方式；通过这种方式innoway一点也不；决不intheway挡道；碍事Noway![俚]别想！没门！(1)表达“在某种程度上”时，还可用inasense,toa/somedegree及toan/someextent三个短语。(2)innoway置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。①In_a_way,_hehasmadegreatprogressthisterm.从某种程度上来说，这学期他已经取得了很大的进步。②Hersociallifegotin_the_wayofherstudies.她的社交活动妨碍了她的学习。③Hedecidedthathewoulddriveall_the_wayhomeinsteadofputtingupatahotelforthenight.他决定一路开车回家而不是在旅馆里过夜。④By_the_way,_Ifoundthatbookyouwerelookingfor.顺便提一下，我找到了你在寻找的那本书。⑤Allthegoodsweretransportedby_way_oftheNetherlands.一切货物均需经荷兰运送。⑥Only_in_this_waycanwegrowuptobeindependentandbeetrulysuccessful.只有用这种方法，我们才能成长为独立的个体，并真正成功。dealwith处理；安排；对付；涉及；讨论；与……交易教材原句Thismeansthatitshouldcleanthehouse,mopthefloors,cookthedinneranddealwithtelephonecalls.(P24)这就意味着，我的机器人要打扫房间、擦地板、做饭和接听。dowithsth.处理某事dealinsth.做……生意；经营；买卖；对某事感兴趣makeadeal达成协议；做成交易It'sadeal!成交/一言为定！(1)dealwith意为“处理；对待；对付；涉及；与……交易”等众多含义，其中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问副词how连用。(2)在dowith短语中，do为及物动词，表示“如何处理、对待”时，要与疑问代词what连用。①I'vedealt_withthispanyfor20years.我跟这家公司做生意已有二十年。②Idon'tknowhowtheywilldeal_withtheproblem.＝Idon'tknowwhattheywilldo_withtheproblem.我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。③Ifyou'llknockdownthepricebyanother5dollars,it's_a_deal.如果你把价格再降5美元，就成交了。④写出下列句中dealwith的含义a．Therearetoomanydifficultiesforustodealwith.处理b．Hehaslearnttodealproperlywithallkindsofplicatedsituations.应付c．Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.对付d．Theyhavelearnttodealwithvariouspersons.与……打交道Ⅰ.选词填空asaresultof；innoway；withthehelpof；watchover；dealwith；fromthenon1．Sixvolunteerssliddownthecliff________aropebutgaveupallhopeoffindingheralive.答案：withthehelpof2．Sheleftin1984and________hehaslivedalone.答案：fromthenon3．Weallknowthat,ifnot________carefully,thesituationwillgetworse.答案：dealtwith4．Full­suncoffeegrowersdestorythisforesthome.________，manyspeciesarequicklydyingout.答案：Asaresult5．________shouldyouloseheartwhenyouarefacedwithdifficulties.答案：Innoway6．Theyusespeciallytraineddogsto________thesheepatnight.答案：watchoverⅡ.完成句子1．Itmaytakequitealongtimebeforeanactorisproperly________forapart.把一个演员妥帖地化装成一个角色也许需要很长的时间。答案：madeup2．Iwasnotathomewhenshe______________yesterday.她昨天来看我时，我不在家。答案：wentby3．Youshouldforgivehimforhisforgetfulness;______________，heisoverseventy.你应该原谅他的健忘症，毕竟他已经七十多岁了。答案：afterall4．Thus,itisalsoourjobtoensurethatinitialvocationaleducationinparticularis__________________.因此，尤其要确保基础职业教育的高质量也是我们的工作。答案：ofhighqualityeq\a\vs4\al(Astimewentby，Iwasmadesmaller.P18,随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。)(1)as是连词，在该句中引导时间状语从句。(2)with是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构，如：withtimegoingby“随着时间的流逝”。①Aswegrowolder,wegetwiser.随着年龄的增长，我们变得越来越聪明。②Withwinteringon,itisgettingcolderandcolderdaybyday.冬天来临了，天气越来越冷了。③Astimewent_by,_Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.＝Withtimegoing_by,_Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.P18我发展缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。本句型中，before引导一个时间状语从句。before的本意为“在……之前”，但如果主句是肯定句，并且与时间段连用，意为“……之后才……”，表示主句的动作发生得迟缓。若主句是否定句，意为“不久就……”。Itwillbe＋时间段＋before...要过多久才……(从句常用一般现在时)Itwillnotbelongbefore...不久就会……(从句常用一般现在时)①Ifyoumissthischance,it_may_be_years_beforeyougetanotherone.如果你错过这次机会，可能要等几年才会有下一次机会。②It_won't_be_long_beforetheygraduatefromcollege.不久他们就要大学毕业了。③Three_weeks_went_by_beforesherealizedhermistakes.三周过去了，她才意识到自己的错误。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thebookexplainshowanimalsandplantsdevelop________theenvironmentchanges.答案：asas在该句中引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……”。句意：这本书解释了随着环境的变化，动植物是如何进化的。2．You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumber________youforgetit.答案：before结合语义可知，此处表示“在……之前，以防”，故填before。3．Hespoke________loudly________eventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.答案：so;thatso...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。句意：他说话声音那么大，以至于隔壁房间都能听得到。4．WithChina________(develop),Chineseisbeingmoreandmoreimportant.答案：developingwithChinadeveloping“随着中国的发展”。句意：随着中国的发展，汉语变得越来越重要。Ⅱ.完成句子1．__________________________you,Iwillhaveleftthecountry.你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这个国家了。答案：Bythetimethisletterreaches2．Itisalongtimesincetheyseparated,but________________theymeetagain.他们分别很长时间了，但过不了多久他们就会再次见面了。答案：itwon'tbelongbefore3．Withscienceandtechnology________________quickly,theputercanbeappliedtosomanyfieldsthatwecan'tgowithoutit.随着科技的迅速发展，计算机被运用到如此多的领域以至于我们不能没有它。答案：developing现在完成时的被动语态结构肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？用法1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。①Jack'sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.→Jackhasalwaysbeenpraisedbyhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.杰克时常因为尽职于工作而受到老板的表扬。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。②Theyhavebuiltmanyhousesinthevillageinthepastfewyears.→Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthevillageinthepastfewyears.过去几年，他们在这个村庄建造了许多的房子。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Shakespeare'splayHamlet________(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.答案：hasbeenmade由题干中的overthepastyears可知，此处应用现在完成时，且make与Hamlet之间为被动关系，故填现在完成时的被动语态。2．Uptonow,thousandsofredphoneboxes,theoldimageofBritain,________(remove)duetomobilephones.答案：havebeenremoved根据uptonow可知，该句应用现在完成时，且remove与redphoneboxes之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。3．Papermoney________(use)foroverathousandyears.答案：hasbeenused由题干中的foroverathousandyears可知，此处应用现在完成时，且use与主语之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。4．Recently,manycitiesintheworld________(build)alongtheriver.答案：havebeenbuilt由recently可知，此处应用现在完成时，且build与cities之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Apersonalputerhasboughtbymyparents.______________________________________________________答案：has后加been2．Highqualityofoilhavebeenusedforcookingintherestaurantinthepastfewyears.______________________________________________________答案：have→has3．Thesepatientshavebeentakengoodcaresincetheymovedtothehospital.______________________________________________________答案：care后加of4．Muchhasbeensaidbutlittlehasdoneabouttheissue.______________________________________________________答案：done前加beenⅠ.阅读理解AWhiletheworldisstilldebatingthesafetyofself­drivingcars,Dubaiispreparingtolaunchanautonomousflyingtaxi.StartinginJuly,theworld'sfirstpassengerdrone(无人机),theEHANG184,willbeavailabletopassengers.Theshuttle,releasedinLasVegasinJanuary2016,weighs440poundsandcanflyatheightsofupto11,500feet.Theegg­shapedvehiclehasroomforasinglepassengerweighingupto220poundsandasmallsuitcase.Thoughtheflyingtaxicanreachspeedsofupto100mph,itwilltypicallyoperateatabout62mph.Passengerscanaskfortheflyingtaxitopickthemupfromappointedzonesusingasmartphoneapp.Passengersstrapintotheseat,selectadestinationonthetouchscreen,andenjoytheflight.Toensurethepassenger'ssafety,allflightsaremonitoredremotelybyacontrolroomontheground.Intheunlikelyeventthatanyoftheponentsmalfunctionordisconnect,thedronewillmakeanemergencylandingtoensurethecustomer'ssafety.It'salsoprogrammedtoensureitsroutewon'taffectthatofanotherdrone.Whilehavingnocontrolovertheremotelypilotedvehiclemayappearscary,theproducer,China­basedEHANG,says,“Itisthesafest,smartestandeco­friendlylowaltitudeautonomousflyingvehicle.”Anydrawback?TheEHANG184hasabatterylifeof30minutesandaflightrangeofjust31miles.Alsounknownisthecostofeachride.Thoughtheflyingtaxiseemsadvanced,itisnotthefirstdriverlesstransportationoptionavailabletoDubai'sresidents.Aspartofitsgoaltohave25%ofthepublictransportationautomatedby2030,theauthoritieshavebuilttheworld'slongestdriverlessmetroandintroducedserf­navigatingshuttles.OfficialsrecentlyalsopartneredaUSpanytobuildsupersonicspeedpodstocarrypassengersbetweenDubaiandAbuDhabi.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了一种迪拜正准备投入供公交出租使用的自动驾驶低空飞行器——EHANG184。1．Whatcanwelearnabouttheflyingtaxi?A．Apassengercancallforaflyingtaxionline.B．Itcancarryaweightof220poundsatmost.C．Apassengercantouchthescreentocontrolit.D．Itusuallyfliesataspeedof100milesanhour.答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，乘客可以使用智能中的软件从指定地方乘坐EHANG184，故A项正确。2．Howcantheshuttleguaranteethepassenger'ssafetyinanequipmentfailure?A．Itlowersitsflyingspeed.B．Itchangestoanotherroute.C．Itgetshelpfromthecontrolroom.D．It'sprogrammedtolandautonomously.答案：D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“thedronewillmakeanemergencylandingtoensurethecustomer'ssafety”可知，当遇到紧急情况时，该飞行器可以自动着陆，以保证乘客的安全。故D项正确。3．WhatisthedrawbackoftheEHANG184?A．It'stooscarytorideinit.B．Itcostsalottotakearide.C．Itrunsoutofpowereasily.D．Itonlyfliesatalowaltitude.答案：C细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，EHANG184只能连续航行30分钟，故C项正确。B[2017·北京高考]Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybeeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell­knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics(控制论),putitthisway：“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings：awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin­born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron­induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题。4．Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay________.A．runoutofhumancontrolB．satisfyhuman'srealdesiresC．mandarmiesofkillerrobotsD．workfasterthanamathematician答案：A细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的“artificialintelligence(AI)maybeeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant”可知，人工智能可能会超出人类控制。故选A。5．Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto________.A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB．achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC．doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD．beathumansininternationalchessmatches答案：A细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知，机器人要保证自己的存在，即A项“避免它们自己被毁灭掉”。6．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A．ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B．Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C．Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D．Itwillstayforadecade.答案：C推理判断题。由最后一段首句可知，作者认为，解决超级智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但并非易事。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inourfastworldofphones,faxmachinesandputers,theold­fashionedartofletterwritingisatriskofdisappearingaltogether.__1__Thereistheexcitementofitsarrival,thepleasureofseeingwhoitisfromand,finally,theenjoymentofthecontents.LetterwritinghasbeenpartofmylifeforaslongasIcanremember.ItprobablybeganwiththelittlenotesIwouldwritetomymother.Mymother,also,alwaysinsistedIwritemyownthank­youlettersforChristmasandbirthdaypresents.__2__WhenIlefthomeat18totrainasadoctorinLondon,Iwouldwriteonceaweek,andsowouldmymother.Occasionallymyfatherwouldwriteanditwasalwaysajoytoreceivehislong,amusingletters.__3__Ofcourse,wealsomadephonecallsbutitisthelettersIremembermost.Therewerealsolettersfrommyboyfriends.InmyyouthIseemedtoattractpeoplewhohadtoworkorstudyawayatsometimeandIwasonlyabletostayintouchwiththembyletter.__4__IfoundthatIcouldoftenexpressmyselfmoreeasilyinwritingthanbytalking.IlovethelettersthatewithbirthdayorChristmascards.Notesareappreciated,buthowmuchbettertohaveayear'ssupplyofnews!Andit'sbetterstillwhenit'sanairmailenvelopewithbeautifulstamps.__5__Likemymotherbeforeme,Iinsisttheywritetheirownthank­youletters.Mydaughterwritestomelittleletters,justasIdidtomymother.Istronglyurgereadersnottoallowletterwritingtobeeanother“lostart”．A．Poorhandwritingcanspoil(破坏)yourenjoymentofaletter.B．Wehadbeencorresponding(通信)for29yearsbuthadnevermet.C．Iampleasedthatmychildrenarecarryingonthetradition.D．Itdidn'tmatterhowshortoruntidytheywereaslongastheywereletters.E．Butinsteadofharmingtherelationships,letterwritingseemedtoimprovethem.F．Yet,tome,receivingalettercannotbematchedbyanyotherformofmunication.G．Thelettersfromhomecontainedjusteverydayeventsconcerningmyparentsandtheirfriends.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要阐述了在数码时代的背景下，作者对书信的怀念，并庆幸写书信成为其家庭传统。1．F上一句提到现代数码通信使书信到了要完全消失的危险境地，下一句又说收到书信的美妙感受，所以此处为过渡句，因此所选句子要有转折含义且体现出书信对作者的吸引力，故选F项(但是，对我来说，收到一封信是其他任何通信方式都比不了的)。2．D上文提到母亲坚持让作者在圣诞节和生日写感谢信。D项(无论长短，无论工整与否，只要写信就可以)符合语境。3．G本段提到作者18岁时离家和父母书信联系，此处应该侧重家书的意义。G项(家书里面包含关于我的父母和他们的朋友日常的事情)符合语境，故选G项。4．E空格前一句提到我只能用书信和他们保持联系，空格后一句意思是“我发现比起谈话，书信经常能让我更轻松地表达自己的观点”，所以空格处应侧重体现这种书信联系对维系友谊的作用及意义，故选E项(但写信不仅不会损害我们的关系，反而似乎促进了我们的关系)。5．C根据最后一段中的“...Iinsisttheywritetheirownthank­youletters.Mydaughterwritestomelittleletters,justasIdidtomymother”可知，作者成为母亲后坚持让儿女自己写感谢信，这一传统被继承了下来，故C项(我很高兴我的孩子正在沿用这个传统)符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MorethanhalfofallChinesehaveasmartphone.Theyreachforitthemomenttheywakeup,keepingitinhandallday.At__1__(party),morepeopleareontheirsmartphonesthanontheirdrinks.Inaddition,toomanypeopleareusingsmartphoneswhile__2__(drive).Andasaresult,manycaraccidentshappeneverydayontheroad.Driversconfirmthattextmessagingistheirnumberonedrivinginterruption.Smartphonesareunbelievablybeingmoreimportantthanthelivesof__3__(them)andothers.Asmanypeopletakerisksjust__4__(send)atextorchecktheirmessages,smartphonesare__5__manywaysverydangeroustopeople.Thesmartphone__6__(affect)ourdesiretomunicatefacetofacewithothers.Besides,itisloweringpeople's