2022年中考英语语法专题复习学案被动语态

⑥有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态。如：Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在这个城市。三、主动语态与被动语态的转换(1)主语+及物动词+宾语变化规则:主语和宾语交换位置,及物动词用被动形式。主动语态:Theyplantedatree.被动语态:Atreewasplantedbythem.宾语变主语be+过去分词主语变为by...[用法口诀]宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动。(2)主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)变化规则:①将间接宾语变为被动句的主语,保留直接宾语;②将直接宾语变为被动句的主语,保留间接宾语,但是间接宾语前须加介词to/for。若间接宾语作被动句中的主语,则无需加介词。主动语态:Myunclegavemesomenewstamps.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语被动语态:Iwasgivensomenewstampsbymyuncle..主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语Somenewstampsweregiventomebymyuncle.主语谓语间接宾语(3)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语变化规则:主语和宾语交换位置,原来的宾语补足语保留下来,谓语动词用被动形式。主动语态:Isawhim<run>ontheroadjustnow.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语被动语态:Hewasseenbyme<run>ontheroadjustnow.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语四、五种常用时态的被动语态构成1.含有情态动词：情态动词+be+doneEg:AmycantakegoodcareofGina.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof(byAmy).2.一般现在时：am/is/are+done.Eg:Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.3.一般过去时：was/were+doneEg:Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.4.一般将来时：will+be+doneEg:Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.5.现在完成时：have/has+been+doneEg:Ihavepaintedthepicturefor2weeks.Thepicturehasbeenpainted(byme)for2weeks.考点一：五种常用时态的被动语态1.含有情态动词的被动语态：Youmustturnoffthelights.—→Thelights(byme).Jimcoulddoityesterday.—→It(byJim)yesterday.2.一般现在时的被动语态：PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.English(bypeople)asthefirstlanguageinUK.WemakethesemachinesinShanghai.—→Thesemachines(byus)inShanghai.3.一般过去时的被动语态：Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.—→Thetallbuilding(bythem)lastyear.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.—→Manytrees(bythem)treesyearsago.4.一般将来时的被动语态：Lucywilldothehomeworkintheevening.Thehomework(byLucy)intheevening.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Asportsmeeting(byus)nextweek.5.现在完成时的被动语态：Tomhasdonehishomework.—→Hishomework(byTom).Jimhasfinishedthework.—→Thework(byJim).考点二：被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。主动句：Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefully(bythestudents)inclass.主动句：Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafter(bythem)intheschool.2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”主动句：Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoallthework(bythem).主动句：Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongs(byus).主动句：Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschool(byme).注意：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy…主动句：Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflower(byhim)everyday.被动2Aflowerisgiventome(byhim)everyday.主动句：Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1Iwasboughtacomputer(bymymother).被动2Acomputerwasboughtforme(bymymother).同步练习：1.Tomlooksatthelovelydog.—→Thelovelydog(byTom.)2.HenoticedKatecomeintheroom.—→Katecomeintheroom(byhim).3.Mumletmewatertheseflowers.—→Iwatertheseflowers(bymum).4.JacksentmeanE-mailyesterday.—→IanE-mail(byJack)yesterday.AnE-mailme(byJack)yesterday.考点三：主动结构表被动意义1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时若是和well,easily,smoothly等修饰词连用,用主动语态表示被动意义。例如:Thiskindofshirtsellswellamongteenagers.这款衬衫在青少年中很畅销。look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。例如:Thehamburgertastesdelicious.这个汉堡尝起来很美味。beworthdoing中的doing表示被动意义。例如:Herexperienceisworthlearningfrom.她的经历值得学习。4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone.(tobedone是不定式的被动结构)例如:T