新概念英语第一册Lesson143笔记(语法点+配套练习+答案)

新概念一课堂笔记72第第页Lesson143Awalkthroughthewoods单词分类v.n.prep.adj.surroundplacecountcoverprosecutewoodvisitorlitterbasketrubbishpiecetyrethroughamongrusty课文复习IliveinaveryoldtownIliveinaveryoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.Itisafamousbeautyspot.OnSundays,hundredsofpeoplecomefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.Litterbasketshavebeenplacedunderthetrees,butpeoplestillthrowtheirrubbisheverywhere.LastWednesday,Iwentforawalkinthewoods.WhatIsawmademeverysad.Icountedsevenoldcarsandthreeoldrefrigerators.Thelitterbasketswereemptyandthegroundwascoveredwithpiecesofpaper,cigaretteends,oldtyres,emptybottlesandrustytins.Amongtherubbish,Ifoundasignwhichsaid,‘Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted.’课文重点重点练习surround v.包围besurroundedby...被...包围Ourtownissurroundedbyanoldwall.Iliveinaveryoldtownsurrounded(surround)bybeautifulwoods.Thisbeautifulwhitehouseissurroundedbygreentrees.这个漂亮的白色房子周围围绕着绿树。woodn.木头woodsn.树林woodenadj.木质的Mydeskismadeofwood.(wood)Ireallylikethiswoodentableandchairs.(wood)Pleasejoinustowalkinthewoods(wood).beautyspot n.景点beautyn.美丽，美人beautifuladj.漂亮的beautifullyadv.漂亮地Shewasasuchabeauty.(beautiful)Whatabeautifulgarden.(beauty)Thedancerdancesbeautifully(beautiful)SummerPalaceisabeautyspot.(beautiful)hundred n.百hundredsof成百上千的thousandsof成千上万的millionsof数百万的billionsof数十亿的hundredorhundreds?Thereareabouteighthundedstudentsinmyschool.Hundredsofstudentsareinvitedtotheparty.throughprep.（从内部）穿过acrossprep.横穿 throughtheforest穿过深林throughthewindow透过窗子acrosstheroad过马路Thebabyistooyoungtositthoughthewholefilm.Thisoldmaniswalkingacrossthestreetslowly.littern.垃圾litterbasket废物筐v.扔垃圾belitteredwith…被扔满...Don’tdroplittereverywhere.(litter)Allhisroomislitteredwithsocksandshoes.(litter)Youshouldlitterinthelitterbasket.你应该把垃圾扔在垃圾筐里。Thestreetswerelittered(litter)witholdcars.place v.把...放在...n.地点takeplace发生Heplacedthemagazineonthebookshelf.他把杂志放到书架上。Whendidthiscaraccidenttake(take)place?Ittook(take)placeinthenearstreetyesterday.throwv.扔(threw,thrown)throwsth.tosb.投掷，传递throwsth.atsb.砸……throwaway扔掉throwback扔回，击退Tom,throwtheballtome.Thefootballisoutofthefield.Canyouthrowitbacktome?Thenaughtymonkeythrewstonesatvisitors.Thesheetisverydirty.Throwitaway.rubbishn.垃圾apieceofrubbish一件废弃物apileofrubbish一堆垃圾countv.数数countfrom1to10从1数到10countmoney数钱countern.柜台；结账处Amyisa2-year-oldgirl.Shecancountfrom1to20.Amy是一个2岁的女孩。她可以从1数到20.Toacarefulhousewife,everypennycounts(count).cover v.覆盖coversth.withsth.用……覆盖……becoveredwith...被……覆盖n.封面Weshallcoverthetablewithacloth.我们将在桌上铺一块布。Themountainsarecoveredwithwhitesnow.Thetreesarecovered(cover)withcolourfullightslastweek.。Thecoverofthebookisold.这本书的封皮很旧。piecen.碎片cutsth.intopieces把...切成碎片apieceof一块儿，一片儿apieceofadvice一条建议apieceofpaper一张纸apieceofnews一条消息apieceofwood一块木头rustyadj.生锈的rustn.锈，铁锈/v.生锈构词法：n.+y=adj.Thebikeisrusty(rust).Itneedsmending.Stainlesssteeldoesn’trust(notrust).among prep.在...之间among在三者或三者以上之间between在两者之间Iamsittingamongmyclassmatesinthepicture.Thethiefstoodbetweentwopolicemen.Ilikethisdressbestamongthosesecute v.依法处置prosecutedsb.for...因...处罚某人Trespasserswillbeprosecuted.闲人莫入，违者法办。Theyprosecutedhimforshoplifting.他们起诉他扒窃商店货物。befamousfor...因……而著名（作品）befamousas作为……而著名（身份）Chinaisfamousforherbeauty.中国因其美丽而闻名。Jimmyisfamousasateacher.吉米作为老师而出名。sb.beaskedtodosth.某人被要求做某事=asksb.todosth.Mymotheraskedmetocleanthekitchen.（被动句）=Iwasaskedtocleanthekitchen.Visitorshavebeenasked(ask)tokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.makesb.+adj.keepsth.+adj.Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxed(relax).Shutthedoor,please.Weneedtokeepthehousewarm(warm).besurroundedby被...包围goforawalk去散步beautyspot风景点litterbasket废物筐onSundays每周日becoveredwith被...覆盖hundredsof数以百计的piecesofpaper纸片throughthewoods穿过树林cigaretteends烟头beaskedtodosth.被要求做某事amongtherubbish在垃圾中keepthewoodstidy保持树林整洁beprosecutedby被处置语法解析被动语态定义：主动语态中，主语是动作的发起者；被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，意为被...结构：被动语态的句型结构是：_____be+过去分词______时态：其中时态变化表现在_____be动词____的变化上。练习：（主动or被动）Thebookwasreadabouttentimes.被动Mymotherboughtmeasmartphone.主动Wereyouhitbyaball?被动Jennyplacedthebasketonthefloor.主动Thebiscuitswerecookedbymymother.被动Wherehaveyoubeen?主动Whatdidyoudo?主动Whenwasthecarbeingstolen?被动不同时态的被动语态结构一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+by+宾语Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.ThehomeworkhasbeendonebyLucyintheevening.WemakethesemachinesinBeilun.ThesemachineshavebeenmadebyusinBelium.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.EnglishhasbeenspokenbypeopleasthefirstlanguageinUK.一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词+by+宾语Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Hislittlebritherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.一般将来时：主语+willbe+过去分词+by+宾语Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.现在进行时：主语+am/is/arebeing+过去分词+by+宾语Lucyiswateringthetrees.ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy.Weareridingabike.Abikeisbeingriddenbyus.现在完成时：主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词+by+宾语Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.Hehasgivenabooktoher.Abookhasbeengiventoherbyhim.情态动词：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+by+宾语Hecantakecareofthebaby.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.Lucymaydrawthepictures.ThepicturesmaybedrawnbyLucy.Youmustturnoffthelights.Thelightsmustbeturnedoff.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Englishshouldbelearnedbythemwell.Jimcoulddoityesterday.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.五、语法练习1.模仿例句改写下列句子Example：Hasn’tanyoneopenedthewindowyet?Someonehasopenedit.Ithasalreadybeenopened.Hasn’tanyoneopenedthewindowsyet?Someonehasopenedthem.Theyhavealreadybeenopened.Hasn’tanyoneairedtheroomyet?Someonehasairedit.Ithasalreadybeenaired.Hasn’tanyonetoldthemyet?Someonehastoldthem.Theyhavealreadybeentold.模仿例句回答以下问题Example:Hasn’tanyoneopenedthewindowyetIthasn’tbeenopenedyet.Itwillbeopenedtomorrow.Hasn’tanyoneopenedthewindowsyet?Theyhaven’tbeenopenedyet.Theywillbeopenedtomorrow.Hasn’tanyoneturnedonthetapsyet?Theyhaven’tbeenturnedonyet.Theywillbeturnedontomorrow.Hasn’tanyonedustedthecupboardyet?Ithasn’tbeendustedyet.Itwillbedustedtomorrow.3.用所给词的适当形式填空Thereisarusty(rust)tinontheground.Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted(prosecute).Withmeaslesyougetspots(spot)alloveryourskin.Iwentforawalkinthewoods(wood)lastWednesday.Visitors(visit)havebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.Theoldtownisafamousbeauty(beautiful)spot.Pleasewriteyournameonthecover(cover).Noonecancatchupwithhimintheclass.He’salwaysinthefirst(one)place.Thestreetsarefulloflitter(litter).Sheputawayhercompactandsmiledkindly(kind).4.句型转换1.Beautifulwoodssurroundtheoldtown.（改为被动语态）Theoldtownissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.2.Theyhaveaskedvisitorstokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.（改为被动语态）Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.3.Peoplethrowrubbisheverywhere.（改为被动语态）Rubbishisthrowneverywhere.4.Iwasmadetofeelthirsty.（变为主动句）Thatmademefeelthirsty.5.“Whathappenedtoyou?”theboyaskeduncleJohn.（变为间接引语）TheboyaskeduncleJohnwhathadhappenedtohim.5.单项选择(D)1.Whatlanguage_________inAmerica?A.speak B.spoke C.spoken D.isspoken(B)2.They_________tocleantheclassroomyesterday.A.areasked B.wereasked C.asked D.ask(B)3.Thiskindofflowermust_________everyday.water B.bewatered C.watered D.watering(A)4.Thiskindofbike_________inTianjin.A.ismade B.makes C.ismaking D.made(B)5.Thewindows_________yet.A.haven'topened B.haven'tbeenopened C.didn'topen D.didn'topened(B)6.Litterbasket_________underthetrees.A.haveplaced B.havebeenplaced C.isplaced D.areplacing(C)7.Doyoulikethefood?Yes,it_________verynice.A.istasting B.tasted C.tastes D.istasted(B)8.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_________Chinese.A.write B.towrite C.tobewritten D.written(A)9.Ihavenomoreletters_________,thankyou.A.totype B.typing C.tobetyped D.typed(C)10.Ihopeyoucancome_________myhouse_________mybirthdaypartynextSaturday.A.in;for B.for;for C.to;for D.with;for(B)11.Excuseme,what'sthisfor?It'sacleanerandit_________topickupdirt.(2010•广东广州)uses B.isused C.isusing D.used(D)12.Whyistheclassroomsodirty? Sorry,sir.It_________yesterday.Weforgottodoit.(2010•浙江宁波)A.doesn'tclean B.didn'tclean C.isn’tcleaned D.wasn’tcleaned(B)13.Noconclusion_________beforewecompletethistest.(2010•四川成都)A.ismade B.willbemade C.hasmade(D)14.Areyougoingtotheparty?No,becauseI_________.(2010•安徽)A.haveasked B.haven'taskedC.havebeenasked D.haven'tbeenasked(A)15.Wastepapershouldn't____everywhere.It'sourdutytokeepourcityclean.(2009•重庆)A.bethrown B.throw C.isthrow D.arethrow七、课后练习一．用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Thissongisoftensung(sing)bychildren.2.Alotofbooksarekept(keep)inthelibrary.3.Theglasswasbroken(break)byhimyesterdayafternoon.4.Don’tworry.Theseexercisescanbedone(cando)inclass.5.Thisworkmustbefinished(mustfinish)before12o’clocktomorrow.6.Anewschoolwillbebuilt(build)herenextmonth.7.—Hasn’tanyoneopenedthewindowyet?—Someonehasopenedit.Ithasalreadybeenopened.(open)8.—Hasn’tanyoneemptiedthisbasketyet?—Ithasn’tbeenemptied.Itwillbeemptiedtomorrow.(empty)9.Heoftenmakesmehappy(happy).10.Youmustkeepyourroomwarm(warm).二．单项选择。(B)1.They_____________tocleantheclassroomyesterday.A.areaskedB.wereaskedC.askedD.as